User Selective Encryption Method for Securing MANETs

Security issue is getting important day by day. At present, there are a variety of methodologies to provide protection for data confidentiality. MANETs have lots of security challenges than traditional networks like infrastructureless and self-organizing requirements. As the MANETs are dynamic networks that’s make every transmission in such networks vulnerable to many attacks and improving security level becomes a main issue. This paper introduces a user selective encryption method by operating Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple DES (3DES), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and the Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange (DHKE) protocol for key management in order to improve MANET security. Through the Network Simulator-2 (NS-2), the we investigate the performance of the proposed method in terms of data transfer time and network throughput for different data sizes and different sender-to-receiver number of hops. The results show the superiority of AES over other encryption algorithms. Furthermore, the effectiveness of our proposed method is verified through comparing our results with those obtained from previous studies

Decentralized H∞ Control of Interconnected Systems with Time-varying Delays

This paper focuses on the problem of delay dependent stability/stabilization of interconnected systems with time-varying delays. The approach is based on a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional. A decentralized delay-dependent stability analysis is performed to characterize linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) based on the conditions under which every local subsystem of the linear interconnected delay system is asymptotically stable. Then we design a decentralized state-feedback stabilization scheme such that the family of closedloop feedback subsystems enjoys the delay-dependent asymptotic stability for each subsystem. The decentralized feedback gains are determined by convex optimization over LMIs. All the developed results are tested on a representative example and compared with some recent previous ones

GFDA: Route Discovery Algorithms for On-demand Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Protocols

AbstractRoute discovery in manymobile ad hoc protocols is based on flooding. However, flooding suffers from high overhead, which can increase contention and communication delays. In this paper,we propose twonewroute discovery algorithms that are aimed towards reducing these delays. Both algorithms are suitable for use with ad hoc protocols where nodes periodically broadcast Hello Messages. Using the GloMoSim simulator, the proposed algorithms were evaluated and compared to existing methods. The simulation results show that the proposed approach can reduce routing overhead, number of broken links, average delay, and the number of dropped packets. Small improvements in message delivery ratios are also observed

Peningkatan Kemampuan Keaksaraan Awal Menggunakan Jepitan Huruf Pada Anak Di Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri Isompa Cabenge

Pada kegiatan pembelajaran di Kelompok B Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri Isompa Cabenge ditemukan adanya masalah kurangnya kemampuan anak dalam mengenal keaksaraan awal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan keaksaraan awal anak menggunakan media jepitan huruf. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Dari hasil perbaikan pembelajaran dapat dilihat peningkatan kemampuan keaksaraan awal anak meningkat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui penggunaan jepitan huruf dapat meningkatkan kemampuan keaksaraan awal anak.Kata Kunci : Keaksaraan Awal. Jepitan Huruf

A review of the ichthyofauna of Malaysian peat swamp forest

A review of literature showed that numerous intensive surveys have been carried out on the ichthyofauna of the peat swamp forests (PSFs) of Malaysia. This review aims to provide a checklist of blackwater fish species in Malaysia from available published literature, and address their economical importance, conservation status and problems of PSFs. A total of 198 peat swamp fish species from 32 families have been recorded in Malaysia. From this number, a total of 114 species from 23 families, representing about 40% of the known fish fauna in Peninsular Malaysia, were recorded from north Selangor PSF. Meanwhile, a total of 49 species belonging to 18 families, 13 species from seven families, 58 species belonging to 19 families, and nine species from five families were recorded from the peat swamps of Perak, Johor, Pahang and East Peninsular Malaysia (parts of Pahang and Terengganu), respectively. Meanwhile, 31 species from 12 families and 40 species belonging to 13 families were recorded from Sabah and Sarawak, respectively. Family Cyprinidae has the highest recorded species, followed by Osphronemidae, Bagridae and Siluridae. The IUCN Red List revealed 12 threatened species facing risk of extinction. The importance of conserving PSFs was outlined and suggestions made in line with the objectives of conservation. Findings from literature revealed that Malaysia's PSFs are rich in fish diversity, contrary to previous belief, and should therefore be conserved and protected to ensure the richness of their fish diversity

Gonadal histology of tiny scale barb, Thynnichthys thynnoides Bleeker 1852, during mass migration season in Rui River, Perak

This study was conducted to evaluate the gonadal histology of tiny scale barb or locally known as “ikan loma”, Thynnichthys thynnoides Bleeker 1852, during the mass migration season in Rui River, Gerik, Perak. A total of 62 (46 males: 16 females) and 60 (44 males: 16 females) fish were randomly collected along the Rui River in Kampung Kuala Rui (downstream of Rui River) and Kampung Kerunai (midstream of Rui River), from October to December 2013. The collected fish gonads were separated, fixed in 10% formalin and processed for H&E staining. The results showed that female samples collected at Kampung Kuala Rui and Kampung Kerunai was at the stage of ripe and running period which indicated by higher percentage of vitellogenic oocytes compared to other stages of oocytes. Gonads collected from Kampung Kuala Rui demonstrated only massive number of vitellogenic oocytes than other type of oocytes with no presence of atretic oocytes, while all samples from Kampung Kerunai showed the presence of atretic oocytes with the mean at 9±3% from overall oocytes counted, indicating that the fish already released their eggs. The atretic oocytes are characterised by thick ovarian wall, non-oval, shrank and wrinkled shape with less yolk granules in the oviplasm. For male gonads, 100% of samples taken from Kampung Kuala Rui demonstrated ripe and spawning stage which indicated by compacted spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules. However, at Kampung Kerunai, 57% of the samples showed ripe and spawning stage while the other 43% demonstrated spent stage or post spawning characteristics which indicated by flaccid with hollow appearance of seminiferous tubules with little amount of spermatozoa in the tubules. As a conclusion, the results revealed that T. thynnoides migrated from Perak River into Rui River in order to spawn in the area between Kampung Kuala Rui and Kampung Kerunai

The shifting in the media labor market and its impact on the visual communication designers' characteristics

This paper deals with the latest developments in the media labor market for visual communication design and its transformation into an interactive labor market. The shift cleared the urgent need for new generations of digital communication designers, who would have unique characteristics that enable them to meet the new challenges of the labor market. The creation of new methods for interactive advertisements and virtual and augmented reality technologies in conveying news and various topics represents a qualitative leap towards the near future in media design. Which requires developing the capabilities of designers in these areas to comply with future needs in the new interactive labor market. The research used interviews and discussions with groups interested in developing the profession of visual communication design. The study reached to identify the features of the interactive digital labor market, the characteristics that must be available in new visual communication designers, and the interactive relationship between them to draw a framework governing the educational process in visual communication and media design

Evaluation of Testicular Blood Flow and Ultrasonographic Measurements in Rams with Emphasis on Laterality

The current study aimed to measure the testicular ultrasonographic dimensions (length, width, thickness and volume) as well as spectral Doppler indices (resistive index and pulsatility index) of testicular artery, and to investigate the possible differences between the paired testes based on testicular dimensions and blood flow Doppler indices. Five Awassi rams of normal fertility, with a body weight 50-65 kg and aged 3-5 years were subjected to testicular ultrasound examination for testicular dimensions and pulsed-wave Doppler, twice monthly for five consecutive months. The testicular volume of the left testis (69.34±6.66 mm3) was higher than the right testis (66.85±5.46 mm3). Testicular thickness was significantly affected by the laterality of the testes (P<0.05). Doppler measures for RI (resistive index) as well as pulsatility index (PI) were slightly higher (P>0.05) in the right testicular artery rather than the left one. In conclusion, the testicular ultrasound measures and Doppler flow indices varied between the paired right and left testes in mature rams. In addition, the blood flow indices are highly correlated in the testicular artery of rams

Structure analysis and enhancement of creep resistance and thermal properties of eutectic Sn-Ag lead free solder alloy by Ti and Cd - addition

Eutectic (Sn-3.5wt.%Ag) solder alloy is used in electronic circuits in which the creep property of the solder joints is essential for their applications. The study of creep, structure and thermal properties of three solder alloys (Sn-3.5wt.%Ag,Sn-3.5wt.%Ag-0.27wt.%Ti and Sn-3.5wt.Ag-0.27wt.%Cd) is characterized by the presence of (Ag3Sn-IMC) beside the phase (β-Sn). The microstructure parameters obtained from the X-ray analysis represented by, lattice parameters (a, c), the axial ratio (c/a), the residual strains (Δa/a0, Δc/c0) and peak height intensities (hkl) of some crystallographic planes are given. All parameters were found to be sensitive to the additions of (Ti or Cd), applied stresses and working temperatures in the range (298-373K).The crystallite size of the (211) reflection was found to increase from (61-132nm) with the additions and to decrease from (115-79nm) with the working temperatures. The morphological studies show a remarkable decrease in the size of (β-Sn) grains with the addition of (Cd) content which confirms the X-ray data. The obtained results show a decrease in melting temperature with the additions. The creep properties are notably improved by the addition of either (Ti) or (Cd). In order to reveal the creep characteristics such as stress exponent (n) and activation energy (Q), the tensile creep tests were performed within the temperature range (298-373K) at constant applied stress (17.27MPa). Based on the obtained stress exponents and activation energies, it is explained that the dominant deformation mechanism is dislocation climb over all temperature range. &nbsp