Digital skills and new technologies at the university

Con la cuarta revolución industrial están sucediendo cambios muy rápidos en la sociedad, rápidamente quedemos desactualizados en el uso de nuevas tecnologias tecnologías de la información (TIC), creando una desventaja para el docente frente a sus estudiantes que se actualizan más rápidamente. El objetivo de este ensayo es revisar las oportunidades y los riesgos que nos traen las nuevas TIC en las aulas universitarias y plantear un tema de reflexión personal, en cuanto al papel que estamos teniendo hoy en día como docentes frente a ellas. Para ello se dividen los argumentos en cuatro temas principales: las nuevas tecnologías cambiando la sociedad, las nuevas TIC como oportunidad de enseñanza y aprendizaje en educación superior, riesgos de las nuevas TIC en las aulas de clase, y una relación docente-estudiante asertiva y de motivación. En conclusión, las nuevas TIC en la docencia universitaria, pueden convertirse, en una gran oportunidad o, por el contrario, una gran barrera, dependiendo del interés y el nivel de formación en competencias digitales que tenga cada profesor.With the fourth industrial revolution, rapid changes are taking place in society, we quickly become outdated in the use of new information and comunication technologies (ICT), creating a disadvantage for teachers compared to their students who are updated in their use. The objective of this essay is to review the opportunities and risks that new ICTs bring us in university classrooms and raise a topic of personal reflection, regarding the role we are having today as teachers in front of them. To this end, the arguments are divided into four main themes: new technologies changing society, new ICTs as an opportunity for teaching and learning at the university, risks of new ICTs in classrooms, and an assertive teacher-student relationship and of motivation. In conclusion, the new ICT in university teaching, can become a great opportunity, or a big barrier, depending on the interest and level of digital skills that each teacher has.Especializació

How does age at onset influence the outcome of autoimmune diseases?

The age at onset refers to the time period at which an individual experiences the first symptoms of a disease. In autoimmune diseases (ADs), these symptoms can be subtle but are very relevant for diagnosis. They can appear during childhood, adulthood or late in life and may vary depending on the age at onset. Variables like mortality and morbidity and the role of genes will be reviewed with a focus on the major autoimmune disorders, namely, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), Sjögren's syndrome, and autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD). Early age at onset is a worst prognostic factor for some ADs (i.e., SLE and T1D), while for others it does not have a significant influence on the course of disease (i.e., SS) or no unanimous consensus exists (i.e., RA and MS)

How Does Age at Onset Influence the Outcome of Autoimmune Diseases?

The age at onset refers to the time period at which an individual experiences the first symptoms of a disease. In autoimmune diseases (ADs), these symptoms can be subtle but are very relevant for diagnosis. They can appear during childhood, adulthood or late in life and may vary depending on the age at onset. Variables like mortality and morbidity and the role of genes will be reviewed with a focus on the major autoimmune disorders, namely, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), Sjögren's syndrome, and autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD). Early age at onset is a worst prognostic factor for some ADs (i.e., SLE and T1D), while for others it does not have a significant influence on the course of disease (i.e., SS) or no unanimous consensus exists (i.e., RA and MS)

Congenital anomalies of the optic nerve

AbstractCongenital optic nerve head anomalies are a group of structural malformations of the optic nerve head and surrounding tissues, which may cause congenital visual impairment and blindness. Each entity in this group of optic nerve anomalies has individually become more prevalent as our ability to differentiate between them has improved due to better characterization of cases. Access to better medical technology (e.g., neuroimaging and genetic analysis advances in recent years) has helped to expand our knowledge of these abnormalities. However, visual impairment may not be the only problem in these patients, some of these entities will be related to ophthalmologic, neurologic and systemic features that will help the physician to identify and predict possible outcomes in these patients, which sometimes may be life-threatening. Herein we present helpful hints, associations and management (when plausible) for them

Factors associated with extended remission in neovascular age-related macular degeneration on pro re nata treatment protocol.

AimTo show the characteristics and outcomes of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) who had extended remission (ER) while on a pro re nata (PRN) treatment protocol.MethodsThis was a retrospective case-control study of a consecutive series of patients with nAMD treated with a PRN antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drug regimen. ER was defined as the absence of haemorrhage, intraretinal/subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography and leakage on fluorescein angiography for 52 weeks after cessation of anti-VEGF therapy. Matching patients with nAMD who did not achieve ER were included as control group. Cox regression analysis was fitted to identify predictors of time to achieve ER and time to recurrence. A logistic regression analysis of baseline characteristics was used to identify predictors of achieving ER.ResultsOf 830 eyes treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy, 77 (9.2%) eyes achieved ER during a median follow-up of 236 weeks (range 70-525 weeks). Cox regression analysis showed that ER was achieved earlier in eyes with isolated intraretinal fluid (HR, 2.05; 95% CI 1.929 to 4.520; p=0.045) at presentation. Logistic regression analysis showed that type 3 choroidal neovascularisation (OR, 0.090; 95% CI 0.021 to 0.382; p=0.001), thinner choroid (OR, 0.993; 95% CI 0.988 to 0.998; p=0.004) and absence of macular atrophy (OR, 0.233; 95% CI 0.065 to 0.839; p=0.026) at baseline increased the likelihood of achieving ER.ConclusionER is achievable in 9.2% of patients under PRN therapy for nAMD. At presentation with nAMD, anatomical features on retinal imaging may predict the likelihood of achieving ER and a shorter time to achieve ER

Desarrollo y pruebas de campo de la vacuna sintética contra la malaria spf66

De acuerdo a estadísticas recientes de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, se estima que 2100 millones de personas habitan en cerca de 100 países donde la malaria es una enfermedad endémica, afectando cerca de 270 millones de individuos anualmente y siendo la causa directa de por 10 menos dos millones de muertos al año, especialmente de niños menores de cinco años de edad. Las medidas de control del vector y del parásito con insecticidas y quimioterapia parecían ser suficientes para la erradicación, pero a lo largo del tiempo se ha demostrado la poca eficacia de estas medidas, hacienda que el desarrollo de una vacuna sea esencial como un componente efectivo para el control y erradicación de la malaria especialmente en los países del tercer mundo

Clinical and sociodemographic findings in Colombian patients with only Sjögren's syndrome and with associated autoimmune diseases

Introducción: Dado que una de las principales comorbilidades asociadas al síndrome de Sjögren es la presencia de otra enfermedad autoinmune, el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la frecuencia de poliautoinmunidad en pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren y evaluar sus factores asociados. Métodos: Este fue un estudio de corte transversal en el que 410 pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren (por criterios del Consenso Americano-Europeo, incluyendo biopsia positiva) fueron sistemáticamente incluidos e investigados para la presencia de otra enfermedad autoinmune. Los datos recogidos fueron evaluados mediante análisis de regresión logística y el índice de Rogers y Tanimoto para evaluar factores asociados y agrupamiento. Resultados: Hubo 134 (32.6%) de pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren y otra enfermedad autoinmune. La enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune, artritis reumatoide, lupus eritematosos sistémico y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal fueron observados en un 21.5%, 8.3%, 7.6% y 0.7% respectivamente. Hubo 35 (8.5%) pacientes con síndrome autoinmune múltiple. El hábito de fumar, historia previa de abortos, positividad de los anticuerpos antinucleares (ANAS) y una mayor duración de la enfermedad fueron los factores de riesgo más fuertes para el desarrollo de poliautoinmunidad. Discusión: Este estudio da a conocer la alta prevalencia de poliautoinmunidad en una población bien definida de pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren, los factores asociados para el desarrollo de esta complicación y su patrón de agrupamiento. Estos resultados pueden servir para definir enfoques plausibles para estudiar los mecanismos comunes de las enfermedades autoinmunes.Background: Since one of the comorbidities associated with Sjögren's syndrome is the presence of another autoimmune disease, the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of polyautoimmunity in patients with SS and to evaluate its associated factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 410 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (by American-European Consensus Group criteria, including a positive minor salivary gland biopsy) were systematically assessed for the presence of another autoimmune disease. Data were evaluated by logistic regression analysis and the Rogers and Tanimoto index were used to evaluate risk factors and clustering, respectively. Results: There were 134 (32.6%) Sjögren's syndrome patients with another autoimmune disease. Autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous and inflammatory bowel disease were observed in 21.5%, 8.3%, 7.6%, and 0.7% respectively. There were 35 patients (8,5%) with multiple autoimmune syndrome. Smoking habit, Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) positivity, past history of spontaneous abortions and longer disease duration were the strongest risk factors for polyautoimmunity. Conclusions: This study discloses a high prevalence of polyautoimmunity in SS, its associated risk factors and the grouping pattern of such a condition. These results may serve to define plausible approaches to study the common mechanisms of autoimmune diseases.CREA- Centro de estudio de enfermedades autoinmunesUniversidad del RosarioUniversidad del CE

Características clínicas y sociodemográficas de pacientes colombianos con Síndrome de Sjögren solo y asociado a otras enfermedades autoinmunes

Introducción: Dado que una de las principales comorbilidades asociadas al síndrome de Sjögren es la presencia de otra enfermedad autoinmune, el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la frecuencia de poliautoinmunidad en pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren y evaluar sus factores asociados. \ud Métodos: Este fue un estudio de corte transversal en el que 410 pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren (por criterios del Consenso Americano-Europeo, incluyendo biopsia positiva) fueron sistemáticamente incluidos e investigados para la presencia de otra enfermedad autoinmune. Los datos recogidos fueron evaluados mediante análisis de regresión logística y el índice de Rogers y Tanimoto para evaluar factores asociados y agrupamiento. \ud Resultados: Hubo 134 (32.6%) de pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren y otra enfermedad autoinmune. La enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune, artritis reumatoide, lupus eritematosos sistémico y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal fueron observados en un 21.5%, 8.3%, 7.6% y 0.7% respectivamente. Hubo 35 (8.5%) pacientes con síndrome autoinmune múltiple. El hábito de fumar, historia previa de abortos, positividad de los anticuerpos antinucleares (ANAS) y una mayor duración de la enfermedad fueron los factores de riesgo más fuertes para el desarrollo de poliautoinmunidad. \ud Discusión: Este estudio da a conocer la alta prevalencia de poliautoinmunidad en una población bien definida de pacientes con síndrome de Sjögren, los factores asociados para el desarrollo de esta complicación y su patrón de agrupamiento. Estos resultados pueden servir para definir enfoques plausibles para estudiar los mecanismos comunes de las enfermedades autoinmunes.CREA- Centro de estudio de enfermedades autoinmunesUniversidad del RosarioUniversidad del CESBackground: Since one of the comorbidities associated with Sjögren's syndrome is the presence of another autoimmune disease, the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of polyautoimmunity in patients with SS and to evaluate its associated factors. \ud Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which 410 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (by American-European Consensus Group criteria, including a positive minor salivary gland biopsy) were systematically assessed for the presence of another autoimmune disease. Data were evaluated by logistic regression analysis and the Rogers and Tanimoto index were used to evaluate risk factors and clustering, respectively. \ud Results: There were 134 (32.6%) Sjögren's syndrome patients with another autoimmune disease. Autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous and inflammatory bowel disease were observed in 21.5%, 8.3%, 7.6%, and 0.7% respectively. There were 35 patients (8,5%) with multiple autoimmune syndrome. Smoking habit, Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) positivity, past history of spontaneous abortions and longer disease duration were the strongest risk factors for polyautoimmunity. \ud Conclusions: This study discloses a high prevalence of polyautoimmunity in SS, its associated risk factors and the grouping pattern of such a condition. These results may serve to define plausible approaches to study the common mechanisms of autoimmune diseases