The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Decision-Making Process of Music Festival-Goers: Findings from a Survey-Embedded Experiment

The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has received pronounced interest at both the academic and industry levels, associated with the recognition that businesses have responsibilities towards society beyond profit making (Othman & Othman, 2014). The tourism industry relies heavily on environmental and cultural resources within tourist destinations (Sheldon & Park, 2011), requiring businesses to actively engage with social and environmental issues (Henderson, 2007). While there is an increased interest in CSR in the tourism sector at both the academia and business levels, CSR tourism research is underdeveloped (Coles, Fenclova, & Dinan, 2013; Sheldon & Park, 2011; Wells, Smith, Taheri, Manika, & McCowlen, 2016). Moreover, little academic attention has been paid to CSR among major tourism attractions, with the exception of casinos (Coles et al., 2013). Consumers generally act as drivers for CSR activities (Kotler, 2011), making it important for businesses to understand how tourists respond to different types of CSR. However, assessing consumer responses to CSR is still in its infancy as a research area (Marchoo, Butcher, & Watkins, 2014). To address the gaps found in the literature, this study focused on examining festival-goers\u27 behavioral intentions and desires related to different CSR initiatives (environmental, social, and economic) at music festivals. This study employed experimental design to investigate festival-goers\u27 behavioral intentions and desires towards CSR activities undertaken by music festivals. Specifically, this study placed three CSR initiatives (environmental, social, and economic) within the Model of Goal-Directed Behavior (MGB), thereby forming an Extended Model of Goal-Directed Behavior (EMBG). The data was collected via an online survey-embedded experiment through Amazon Mechanical Turk (Mturk). The results revealed that environmental CSR initiative was effective in predicting behavioral intention and desire; however, when environmental CSR initiative variable was combined with the MGB, the effect of environmental CSR on desire lost its significance. The results indicated that both the MGB and the EMGB were effective in explaining festival-goers\u27 behavioral intentions and desires for the EMGB. Accordingly, the process of extending the MGB was successful and environmental CSR initiative was the only significant predictor of desire and behavioral intention among the three CSR initiatives

Tour Guide and Tourist Loyalty Toward Cultural Heritage Sites: A Signaling Theory Perspective

Built upon the signaling theory and the well-documented stimulus-organism-response framework, the purpose of this study is to examine how tour guides at Petra World Heritage Site act as a signal to influence tourists’ experience and satisfaction, which in turn influence tourists’ loyalty. Using the structural equation modeling technique, the study empirically tested a conceptual model with a convenience sample of tourists who visited Petra World Heritage Site in Jordan. Findings reveal that tour guides have significant direct and indirect effects on tourists’ loyalty. Moreover, the findings showed that tourists’ experience and satisfaction significantly mediate the relationship between tour guides and tourists’ loyalty. The present study’s unique contribution lies in its examination of the role of the tour guide in increasing tourists’ loyalty in the heritage tourism context. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed considering the empirical findings

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Tour guides’ interpretation and tourists’ pro-environmental behavior: differences across cultural and natural world heritage sites

Although tour guides’ role in encouraging pro-environmental behavior has been confirmed in the literature, little research has been undertaken to examine how world heritage site (WHS) type may influence the relationship between tour guides’ performance and tourists’ pro-environmental behavior. The difference between cultural world heritage and natural world heritage in terms of tourists’ behavior is under-explored. This research aims to assess the moderating effect of world heritage type (cultural and natural) on the relationship between tour guides’ performance and tourists’ pro-environmental behavior. A self-administrated survey was used for collecting data from two of the most famous natural and cultural WHSs: Petra Archeological Park in Jordan and Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. PLS-SEM was employed to conduct multi-group and path analysis. The results showed that world heritage type partially moderates the relationship between the performance of tour guides, tourists’ experience, satisfaction, and pro-environmental behavior. Managerial and theoretical implications and research directions are discussed