Reducing Atmosphere Drying as a New Technique for the Preservation of the Color of Dried Foods

Bu çalışmada elma ve kayısı meyveleri; dondurarak (liyofilizasyon), vakumda, fırında ve İndirgenAtmosferik Kurutma [hava, %100 azot ve indirgen gaz içeren bir gaz karışımı (RAD (Mix); %1-4 H2, %5 CO2,%91-94 N2) ile 3 farklı kurutma atmosferinde] olmak üzere farklı şekillerde kurutulmuştur. Kurutulan ürünlerinrenk değerleri (L*, a*, b*) ölçülmüş ve karşılaştırılmış, sonuç olarak elmada tazeye en yakın renk değerlerine,ilk sırada liyofilizasyon, ikinci sırada ise RAD (Mix) ile ulaşılmış ve esmerleşmenin en fazla fırın ile kurutulanelmalarda gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Kayısı örneklerinde ise en uygun kurutma yönteminin RAD (Mix) olduğusaptanmıştır. Liyofilizasyon sonrası, L* değerindeki artış ve b* değerindeki düşüş sebebiyle kuru kayısıda arzuedilen altın sarı renk elde edilememiştir. En fazla esmerleşme ve renk değişimi vakum kurutmada kurutulankayısılarda tespit edilmiştir.In this study, apple and apricot fruits were dried with different drying techniques including ReducingAtmosphere Drying [three different drying media were used: air,100% nitrogen and a gas mixture containingreducing gas (1-4% H2, 5% CO2, 91-94% N2 ; RAD (Mix)) ], lyophlizatör, vacuum and oven. The color values (L*,a*, b*) of the dried products were measured and compared. Results showed that the closest color values to the freshapple were observed for lyophilization method in the first raw and RAD (Mix) in the second raw, and browningphenomenon was occured mostly in the oven dried apples. It was also determined the best drying method forapricot was for RAD (Mix). Since the increase in the L* value and decrease in the b* value after lyophilization, thedesired golden color in dried apricot couldn’t be obtained in this technique. The most browning and discolorationtechnique was observed in the apricots dried with the vacuum drying technique

Reducing atmosphere drying as a novel drying technique for preserving the sensorial and nutritional notes of foods

Reducing atmosphere drying (RAD) was assayed as a novel technique for preserving the color and the nutritional fresh notes of apricot. A freeze, hot air and vacuum drying techniques were applied for a comparison purpose. The results showed that the apricot samples dried by both RADMIX and RADNITROGEN preserved better the fresh color notes while the freeze-drying was characterized by light and dully notes compared to a fresh sample. The total phenolic content significantly differed between fresh, RADMIX, RADAIR, hot air and vacuum with the highest value observed for both vacuum and hot air with 284.8 and 259.5 mg GAE 100 g-1 dm, respectively. DPPH inhibition activity was significantly similar for both fresh (or freeze drying) and each RADMIX, hot air and vacuum dried samples with 83.52, 76.3, 70.31, 67.86%, respectively, with the highest value attributed to RADMIX sample. The RAD-type dried samples (RADMIX, RADNITROGEN, RADAIR) possessed ABTS scavenging activity range of 68.74, 64.49 and 61.61 µmol TE g-1 dm respectively, which were close to that of the fresh sample (63.36 µmol TE g-1 dm) with the highest value attributed to RADMIX sample. The total flavonoid content was significantly similar between fresh (or freeze drying), vacuum, hot air and RADMIX samples with a range of 27.38, 24.25, 19.41 and 18.81 mg QE 100 g-1 dm, respectively, which exhibited an advantageous role of hydrogen in RADMIX system over both RADNITROGEN and RADAIR. For the first time, a technique based on the use of hydrogen in the drying atmosphere of a closed system was successfully proved for drying foods. This novel technique exhibits an opportunity for the food drying processors to produce dried foodstuffs with fresh color and nutritional notes. © 2019, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit, FÃ?BAP: BAP-2017-FBE-L 24The authors acknowledge financial support from DAP Department (Do?u Anadolu Projesi B?lge Kalk?nma ?daresi Ba?kanl???) and partly financial support from I?d?r University Scientific Research Projects Unit (Project No: BAP-2017-FBE-L 24)

Intérêt de la modification du Eh par des gaz pour la maîtrise des micro-organismes d'altération du jus d'orange et ses implications sur la stabilité de la couleur et de la vitamine C (développement d'un appareil adapté à l'étude des micro-organismes considérés en conditions physico-chimiques définies)

DIJON-BU Sciences Economie (212312102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Drivers and barriers in environmental analysis – the case study of transportation processes in SME

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the drivers and barriers to conducting an environmental analysis of transport processes in an SME. Method– The research method used in this study is a single-case study. The research approach for this study is an abductive approach. One data collection method was used for data collection, which was interviews. Findings – This study identified internal and external drivers and barriers to conducting an environmental analysis of transportation processes. Some findings of this study confirm the findings from the previous studies. Also, some findings of this study extend the findings from the previous studies. Implications– The answers to the research questions of this study will increase awareness and help SMEs to increase their understanding of the drivers and barriers when it comes to adopting sustainability and conducting an environmental analysis of transportation processes. Limitations– The limitation of this study are large logistics companies are not considered and will not be included in this study, this study does not delve into environmental analyses relating to warehouse operations or energy consumption, it does not investigate how SMEs gather and analyze the data necessary for conducting an environmental analysis. Also, this study is not focused on how to conduct an environmental analysis and the actual tools itself. Moreover, the study is limited to Swedish SMEs which may have some branches inside of Europe. Keywords – Barriers, Driving factors, Environmental Sustainability, Green Logistics, SMEs, Transportatio

Presumptive relationship between oxidoreduction potential and both antibacterial and antioxidant activities of herbs and spices: Oxidoreduction potential as a companion tool for measuring the antioxidant activity

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities form an essential component of the bioactive properties of plant products. The antibacterial and the antioxidant properties of three types of aqueous extracts of four herbs and spices were evaluated. While the total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and oxidoreduction potential methods were used for the antioxidant properties determination, the inhibition diameters of extracts toward the growth of Staphylococcus warneri, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter cloacae and Proteus vulgaris were evaluated. Although the phenolic content did not correlate with the antibacterial activity of plant extracts, it linearly correlated (R2 = 0.827) with DPPH scavenging activity of the studied plants following the order: sumac > ginger > rosemary > cinnamon. The oxidoreduction potential values linearly correlated with both the phenolic content (R2 ? 0.88) and DPPH scavenging activity values (R2 ? 0.96). The oxidoreduction potential could be proposed as a useful companion tool combined with other techniques when determining the antioxidant activity of plant extracts and food products is considered. © Not Bot Horti Agrobo, 2019

Ion-selective electrode integrated in small-scale bioreactor for continuous intracellular pH determination in Lactobacillus plantarum

International audienceThe aim of the present study was to develop an ion-selective electrode method for the continuous determination of the intracellular pH in Lactobacillus plantarum using a small-scale bioreactor. This method employed a salicylate-selective electrode basing on the distribution of salicylic acid across the cytoplasmic membrane. This developed electrode responded to salicylate concentrations above 20 μmol/L with a Nernstian sensitivity. The energized and concentrated cells were added into a thermostated small-scale bioreactor that contained the salicylate anions dissolved in a 100 mmol/L potassium phosphate buffer at different pH values. The changes in salicylate concentration that occurred in the medium containing bacterial suspension were measured as a voltage change. The cells of Lactobacillus plantarum showed maintenance of pH homeostasis at the studied pH ranging from 4.0 to 7.0, and they kept a neutral intracellular pH up to 5.8. The simplicity of the measuring preparation and the relatively low cellular concentration, as well as the advantages of the small-scale bioreactor, lead us to believe that the described method can facilitate the study of the physicochemical factors on the intracellular pH of lactic acid bacteria using a single pH probe in one method

Determination of trace elements, heavy metals, and antimony in polyethylene terephthalate–bottled local raw cow milk of Iğdır region in Turkey

PubMed: 31650329The presence of several trace elements, heavy metals, and antimony in polyethylene terephthalate–bottled local raw cow milk samples of Iğdır region in Turkey was investigated. The milk samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave-assisted digestion. Milk samples were categorized into three groups according to the element level intensity in the sample. While 70% of samples showed 2.5 times the maximum Turkish and European permissible level of lead, the lowest lead-contaminated sample exhibited 1.25 times this level. All the examined samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit administrated for arsenic and 35% of samples exhibited 5 times this limit. Results showed 40% of samples contain an antimony level higher than the Turkish maximum allowable concentration. The high antimony content of raw milk samples may be related to the release of antimony from the PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles. This study showed high contamination levels of the most toxic trace elements, i.e., lead and arsenic in milk and possible antimony contamination from PET bottles which may cause many health hazards for the consumers. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Drivers and barriers in environmental analysis – the case study of transportation processes in SME

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore the drivers and barriers to conducting an environmental analysis of transport processes in an SME. Method– The research method used in this study is a single-case study. The research approach for this study is an abductive approach. One data collection method was used for data collection, which was interviews. Findings – This study identified internal and external drivers and barriers to conducting an environmental analysis of transportation processes. Some findings of this study confirm the findings from the previous studies. Also, some findings of this study extend the findings from the previous studies. Implications– The answers to the research questions of this study will increase awareness and help SMEs to increase their understanding of the drivers and barriers when it comes to adopting sustainability and conducting an environmental analysis of transportation processes. Limitations– The limitation of this study are large logistics companies are not considered and will not be included in this study, this study does not delve into environmental analyses relating to warehouse operations or energy consumption, it does not investigate how SMEs gather and analyze the data necessary for conducting an environmental analysis. Also, this study is not focused on how to conduct an environmental analysis and the actual tools itself. Moreover, the study is limited to Swedish SMEs which may have some branches inside of Europe. Keywords – Barriers, Driving factors, Environmental Sustainability, Green Logistics, SMEs, Transportatio

Comparison Between Fluorescent Probe and Ion-Selective Electrode Methods for Intracellular pH Determination in Leuconostoc mesenteroides

International audienceThe intracellular pH (pHin) of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides 19D was evaluated by two different methods, fluorescent probe and ion-selective electrode. Two fluorescent probes 5 (and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (cFDASE) and 5 (and-6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (cDCFDASE) were tested to evaluate the intracellular pH (pHin) of living cells at a medium pH (pHex) ranged from 5.0 to 6.5. Salicylic acid was used as a probe for the ion-selective electrode method. Cells kept 60-80% of cFDASE probe at all pHex values against 5-10% of cDCFDASE probe at pHex ≤ 6.0. The pHin values measured by the ion-selective electrode were higher by 0.1-0.6 pH units at pHex ranged from 5.0 to 6.5 than those determinated by fluorescent probe method. The possibility to study the intracellular pH at a wide external pH range using a single probe, and the simplicity of the material and experimental protocol may make the ion-selective electrode method most useful and easy to measure the intracellular pH of lactic acid bacteria compared with the other techniques like fluorescent probes