31 research outputs found
Capillary Filling of Anodized Alumina Nanopore Arrays
The filling behavior of a room temperature solvent,
perfluoromethylcyclohexane, in approximately 20 nm nanoporous alumina membranes
was investigated in situ with small angle x-ray scattering. Adsorption in the
pores was controlled reversibly by varying the chemical potential between the
sample and a liquid reservoir via a thermal offset, T. The system
exhibited a pronounced hysteretic capillary filling transition as liquid was
condensed into the nanopores. These results are compared with Kelvin-Cohan
theory, with a modified Derjaguin approximation, as well as with predictions by
Cole and Saam.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, pre-proof
Capillary filling with wall corrugations] Capillary filling in microchannels with wall corrugations: A comparative study of the Concus-Finn criterion by continuum, kinetic and atomistic approaches
We study the impact of wall corrugations in microchannels on the process of
capillary filling by means of three broadly used methods - Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD), Lattice-Boltzmann Equations (LBE) and Molecular Dynamics (MD).
The numerical results of these approaches are compared and tested against the
Concus-Finn (CF) criterion, which predicts pinning of the contact line at
rectangular ridges perpendicular to flow for contact angles theta > 45. While
for theta = 30, theta = 40 (no flow) and theta = 60 (flow) all methods are
found to produce data consistent with the CF criterion, at theta = 50 the
numerical experiments provide different results. Whilst pinning of the liquid
front is observed both in the LB and CFD simulations, MD simulations show that
molecular fluctuations allow front propagation even above the critical value
predicted by the deterministic CF criterion, thereby introducing a sensitivity
to the obstacle heigth.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, Langmuir in pres
Effects of Limb Dominance and Sex on Upper Extremity Tissue Composition
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Influence of Testing Sequence on an Adult’s Ability to Achieve Maximal Aerobic and Anaerobic Power
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Effects of Limb Dominance and Sex on Upper Extremity Tissue Composition
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Taking Microarrays to the Field: Differential Hepatic Gene Expression of Caged Fathead Minnows from Nebraska Watersheds
This study aimed to evaluate the utility of microarrays
as a biomonitoring
tool in field studies. A 15,000-oligonucleotide microarray was used
to measure the hepatic gene expression of fathead minnows (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>) caged in four Nebraska, USA watersheds
- the Niobrara and Dismal Rivers (low-impact agricultural sites) and
the Platte and Elkhorn Rivers (high-impact agricultural sites). Gene
expression profiles were site specific and fish from the low- and
high-impact sites aggregated into distinct groups. Over 1500 genes
were differentially regulated between fish from the low- and high-impact
sites. Many gene expression differences (1218) were also noted when
the Platte and Elkhorn minnows were compared to one another and Platte
fish experienced a higher degree of transcript alterations than Elkhorn
fish. These findings indicate that there are differences between the
low-impact and high-impact sites, as well as between the two high-impact
sites. Historical water quality data support these results as only
trace levels of agrichemicals have been detected at the low-impact
sites, while substantial levels of agrichemicals have been reported
at the high-impact sites with agrichemical loads at the Platte generally
exceeding those at the Elkhorn. Overall, this study demonstrates that
microarrays can be utilized to discriminate sites with different contaminant
loads from one another
Adsorption Kinetics in Nanoscale Porous Coordination Polymers
Nanoscale
porous coordination polymers were synthesized using simple
wet chemical method. The effect of various polymer surfactants on
colloidal stability and shape selectivity was investigated. Our results
suggest that the nanoparticles exhibited significantly improved adsorption
kinetics compared to bulk crystals due to decreased diffusion path
lengths and preferred crystal plane interaction
Biomechanical analysis of four- versus six-screw constructs for short-segment pedicle screw and rod instrumentation of unstable thoracolumbar fractures
Conventionally, short-segment fusion involves instrumentation of one healthy vertebra above and below the injured vertebra, skipping the injured level. This short-segment construct places less surgical burden on the patient compared with long-segment constructs, but is less stable biomechanically, and thus has resulted in clinical failures. The addition of two screws placed in the fractured vertebral body represents an attempt to improve the construct stiffness without sacrificing the benefits of short-segment fusion.
To determine the biomechanical differences between four- and six-screw short-segment constructs for the operative management of an unstable L1 fracture.
Biomechanical study of instrumentation in vertebral body cadaveric models simulating an L1 axial load injury pattern.
Thirteen intact spinal segments from T12 to L2 were prepared from fresh-frozen cadaver spines. An axial load fracture of at least 50% vertebral body height was produced at L1 and then instrumented with pedicle screws. Specimens were evaluated in terms of construct stiffness, motion, and rod strain. Two conditions were tested: a four-screw construct with no screws at the L1 fractured body (4S) and a six-screw construct with screws at all levels (6S). The two groups were compared statistically by paired Student t test.
The mean stiffness in flexion-extension was increased 31% (p<.03) with the addition of the two pedicle screws in L1. Relative motion in terms of vertical and axial rotations was not significantly different between the two groups. The L1–L2 rod strain was significantly increased in the six-screw construct compared with the four-screw construct (p<.001).
In a cadaveric L1 axial load fracture model, a six-screw construct with screws in the fractured level is more rigid than a four-screw construct that skips the injured vertebral body