Hidrogênio eletrolítico eólico para aquecimento de ambientes

El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar un equipo para el corte y la soldadura de metal provisto de combustible mediante hydrogen/oxygen electrolítico, así como, estudiar su optimización, utilizando un electrolisador bipolar. Se ha observado que aumentando la concentration del electrólito, el aporte neto del sistema también creció. Ya que este aumento era insignificante, fue utilizado una concentración de NaOH de 20%, con un aumento de 66%. La calidad de la soldadura, para el material ferroso, fue mejorada mediante la adición de 50% del volumen de oxígeno. Para los materiales no ferrosos esta adición no es necessária.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Geração, tratamento e disposição final dos resíduos das estações de tratamento de água do estado de Pernambuco

This article deals with the generation, quantification and final disposal of the sludge generated at existing Water Treatment Plants (WTPs), operating in the state of Pernambuco. The research was carried out in the period between January 2015 and December 2016 by the collection, systematization and interpretation of data that showed 246 WTPs that generate residues, of which 69 in decanters and filters, 176 only in the filters and one in the desalination system. The largest number of conventional WTPs is in the metropolitan region of Recife and the highest production of sludge was observed in the Capibaribe river basin, which receives a load of between 50 and 50,000 kg / (m3day). It was verified that approximately 75% of the states WTPs discard their residues in water bodies and 22% in the soil, without any kind of treatment. Only 3% perform the degassing process, yet discarding the solid mass in the soil, without any control at the final disposal of the same.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), COMPESA, ARPEinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Preparação e utilização de uma argila esmectítica organofílica como adsorvente de fenol

The main goal of this research was the preparation and use of a organophilic smectitic clay able to promoting the adsorption of phenol. In this work was used a natural clay called Chocolate, from Campina Grande - PB (Brazil). The natural clay was treated with a solution of sodium carbonate. After this the sodium clay was treated with quaternary ammonium salt. The adsorptive study was conducted by different values of pH and temperature. The results showed a better performance in adsorptive at pH 7 and temperature 30 ºC, with removal of more than 80% of phenol

Sludge toxicity assessment of water and sewage treatment plant before and after vermicomposting, using germination test with lettuce seed (Lactuca sativa)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of elutriate obtained from WTP and WWTP sludge before and after treatment by vermicomposting (TVC). The tests used the interfacial water of pure and consorted sludge in the 75, 50 and 25% of the respective sludge (mixture of WTP and WWTP sludge) sludges. To evaluate the toxicity were used seeds of lettuce, Lactuca sativa. The lettuce seeds were placed in Petri dishes with filter paper and moistened with 4 mL of elutriate solution, the plates were sealed with plastic film, to avoid evaporation of the elutriate, and later with aluminum foil, to preserve the absence of light, kept in a BOD type incubator at 25 ± 1 ºC for 120 hours. The design was completely randomized with 15 samples of each sludge mixture, before and 15 after the TVC, 5 dilutions (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) and three replications, totaling 450 sample plots and 6 plots of controls. Al concentrations were determined in all samples and controls. The toxicity test showed that there was an increase in germination index after CVT; As well as the elutriatro, with the highest dilution of 10% and lower Al concentration, obtained a more expressive result, showing that the germination of the seeds was reduced proportionally to the increase of aluminum concentrations present in the elutriate.Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a fitotoxicidade de elutriato obtido a partir do lodo de ETA e ETE antes e após o tratamento por vermicompostagem (TVC). Os ensaios utilizaram a água interfacial de lodos puros e consorciados nas parcelas de 75, 50 e 25% dos respectivos lodos (mistura dos lodos de ETA e ETE). Para a avaliação da toxicidade foram utilizadas sementes de alface, Lactuca sativa. As sementes foram colocadas em placas de Petri com papel de filtro e umedecidas com 4 mL de solução de elutriato; as placas foram vedadas com papel de filme plástico, para evitar a evaporação do elutriato, e posteriormente com papel alumínio, para preservar a ausência de luz, sendo mantidas numa incubadora, do tipo DBO5 a 25±1 ºC por 120 h. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com 15 amostras de cada mistura de lodo antes e 15 após o Tratamento por Vermicompostagem (TVC), 5 diluições (10, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) e três repetições, totalizando 450 parcelas de amostras e 6 parcelas de controles. Em todas as amostras e nos controles foram determinadas as concentrações de Al. O teste de toxicidade mostrou que houve um aumento no índice de germinação após TVC; assim como o elutriato com a maior diluição de 10% e menor concentração de Al, obtiveram-se resultados mais expressivos, mostrando que a germinação das sementes foi reduzida proporcionalmente ao aumento nas concentrações de Al presente no elutriato.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

AVALIAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOGÁS A PARTIR DA CODIGESTÃO ANAERÓBIA DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS ORGÂNICOS E GLICERINA RESIDUAL

A produção de energia renovável a partir da biodegradação  de resíduos orgânicos,  como dejeto animal,  lodo de estação de tratamento de esgoto, frutas e vegetais e subprodutos da produção de biodiesel, são de grande importância  para a sustentabilidade ambiental e gestão ambiental destes resíduos. Nesse sentido, a digestão anaeróbia é uma alternativa para o tratamento desses materiais, bem como para a geração de biogás e, portanto, energia. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho visou determinar o potencial de produção de biogás a partir da codigestão de Resíduos Sólidos Orgânicos (RSO) inoculados com resíduo agrícola (Rúmen Bovino – RB) e lodo de estação de tratamento de efluentes (LD), com e sem adição de Glicerina (GL). Após 80 dias de incubação em frascos do tipo BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) sob condições mesofílicas, o tratamento RSO+RB+LD foi o que apresentou a maior média de volume de biogás acumulado (258 NmL), seguida pelo tratamento RSO+LD (227 NmL) (todos sem adição de glicerina); RSO+RB+LD+GL (196 NmL) e, por fim, RSO+LD+GL (166 NmL) (estes dois últimos tratamentos, portanto, com adição de glicerina). Os tratamentos sem adição de glicerina apresentaram, portanto, uma geração de biogás média 35% superior aos seus tratamentos com glicerina

Study of environment heating systems using electrolytic hydrogen as fuel.

Este trabalho visa mostrar a viabilidade técnica do hidrogénio eletrolítico como fonte de energia para aquecimento de ambientes. Um sistema gerador de hidrogénio eletrolítico foi utilizado como fonte de energia para testar dois tipos de trocadores de calor: um tubular, construído na própria Universidade, e outro convectivo adaptado para o uso do hidrogénio. Inicialmente o trocador de calor convectivo foi testado com o gás butano e logo após modificado para uso do hidrogénio. A partir dos resultados, observou-se que o gás butano apresentou uma taxa de aquecimento superior na ordem de 30% a do gás hidrogênio. Para analisar a performance dos dois trocadores foram estudados os seguintes parâmetros: variação da temperatura interna da sala e externa em função do tempo, consumo de hidrogénio, a razão entre as energias acumulada e consumida durante o processo de aquecimento. Observou-se que o trocador de calor convectivo apresentou uma eficiência energética de 50% superior ao do trocador de calor tubular. Os resultados obtidos são promissores e mostram amplas possibilidades de emprego do hidrogénio eletrolítico para aquecimento de ambientes.This work intends to show the technical viability to use the eletrodialytic hidrogen as source of energy to heating environment. A generator of hydrogen eletrolytic was used as source of energy to test two types of heat exchangers: One tubular which was made in the University and other convective type adapted to use hydrogen. Inicialy the convective exchange heat was tested with butane gas and after that it was adapted to use hydrogen. From the results the heating rate of butane gas was 30% higher than hydrogen rate. To analyse the performance of both exchangers were studyed fowolloging parameters: Variation the internai and externai temperature room as function of time, hydrogen consumption, the ratio between acumulated and consumption of energy during the heating process. The convective exchange heat presented an energy efficience of 50% superior than tubular exchange heat. The results obtained showed that there are great possibility to use the eletrolytic hydrogen for heating environment

Treatment of landfill leachate using a solar destillar

The subject of this research was to build, develop, evaluate and optimize a system of natural evaporation of leachate, to reduce the organic loads. Physical and chemical microbiological parameters were monitored during the experiment to evaluate the system performance. The solar radiation and rainfall influence on the evaporator was investigated. The results showed 100% reduction of the turbidity, color and total solids. The values of BOD, COD, thermotolerants and total coliforms in the treated effluent had concentrations that meet the Brazilian Federal Environmental Council (CONAMA) standards. Based on the results, it was concluded that the natural solar system was adequate for small landfills

Variables in the process of coagulation / flocculation / settling of leachate of municipal landfills

The careless disposal of waste may generate tremendous environmental and social impacts. For the treatment of landfill leachate, biological and physic-chemical treatments are routinely used. Chemical precipitation using calcium hydroxide has been used with great effectiveness in treating effluent with high concentrations of organic compounds and heavy metals. The leachate used in this study was collected from a flow box of the Muribeca landfill, located in the city of Jaboatão Guararapes, PE. Commercial calcium hydroxide was used as coagulant in aqueous solution. The experiment was implemented using a fractional factorial design, followed by a complete planning 24. It was observed that the lowest turbidity and color were obtained at the highest flocculation speeds. Color removal was favored by long flocculation time whereas this did not occur for turbidity removal. For the optimal point, a reduction of 52% of the color and a NTU turbidity within the standards established in Brazilian Laws (CONAMA 357/05 and CONAMA 430/11) were obtained

Water Quality Evaluation of the Springs in Fernando de Noronha Island

The Fernando de Noronha archipelago is composed by 21 islands. The biggest of them, the Fernando de Noronha island, is supplied in domestic water by two reservoirs, one rain-water collecting system and another system using sea water desalinization. In addition, this island is supplied by water from six secondary artificial ponds and some wells and springs. However, during the summer drought time, the island endures a water supply reduction that endangers the touristic activities, which are the main economical local financial source. In this concern, were evaluated the quality of the water from several sources for human supplying. Some measurements were performed “in site” and laboratory physical chemical analyses as well. It could be concluded that a further reorganization of the water supply system ought to be carried out in order to avoid future problems and risk of water supply collapse in this island

Production and characterization of graphene-based nanocomposites of different natures and their applications in aqueous quinoline adsorption: A comparative study

Quinoline (QN) is a basic nitrogenous compound normally present in the wastewater from petroleum industry, being a toxic and harmful contaminant of emerging concern. In contrast, separation methods for QN capture are essential from an economic point of view, since quinoline has a wide range of industrial applications. This work aims to study and compare the application of two graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites - graphene oxide/agar hydrogel (GO/agar) and magnetic graphene oxide (Mag.GO) – as adsorbents for aqueous quinoline. For Mag.GO, Freundlich isotherm model was best fitted to the equilibrium data, for GO/agar all isotherm models fitted the experimental data. The maximum experimental adsorption capacities in the equilibrium were approximately 25 mg g−1 for GO/agar, and 53 mg g−1 for Mag.GO. The increase in the acetate buffer concentration did not seem to significantly affect the adsorption capacities in both composites, which might indicate the selective adsorption of QN. Adsorption-desorption tests were performed for both nanocomposites with HCl and NaOH, and quinoline was efficiently recovered with NaOH in each case, even after three adsorption-desorption cycles. Although phytotoxicity assays with quinoline solution still indicated toxic effects before and after adsorption, both adsorbents proved to be good for quinoline removal, with Mag.GO showing greater adsorption capacity