Medium composition influence on Biotin and Riboflavin production by newly isolated Candida sp

Complex B vitamins as Biotin and Riboflavin are required by living organisms, not only for growth but also for metabolite production, and the feed market classifies them as growth promoters. Since Brazil will soon be one of the world's biggest animal protein producers, feed production is a large consumer of vitamins and micronutrients. The industry requires 10 mg riboflavin/0.2 mg biotin per kilogram of feed; a ratio of 40 ~ 50:1. Although few studies have been conducted specifically on riboflavin production using factorial design and surface response method as an optimization strategy, it is a common practice in biotechnology with many research reports available. However, there are no reports on the use of statistical design for biotin production. This study set out to evaluate medium composition influence on biotin and riboflavin production using a statistical design. There are no studies relating biotin and riboflavin production by Candida sp LEB 130. In this preliminary study to improve the simultaneous production of biotin and riboflavin, the maximum riboflavin/biotin ratio of 8.3 µg/mL was achieved with medium component concentrations of: sucrose 30 g/L, KH2PO4 2 g/L, MgSO4 1 g/L and ZnSO4 0.5mL/L.10931100Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Improvement of Phytase Activity by a New Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Using Statistical Optimization

Using statistical optimization, we enhanced the activity of phytase by a new Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain cultured in mineral medium. Concentrations of carbon source and inducer of phytase production were optimized using a 22 full factorial CCD and response surface methodology (RSM). Urea was fixed as nitrogen source in culture medium (0.15%, w/v). The culture medium consisting of 2.5% sucrose and 0.5% sodium phytate optimally supported the maximum phytase activity. In addition, we found that culture of the yeast at 35°C with shaking at 150 rpm supports maximum phytase production. The validity of this model was verified by culturing the organisms in flasks on a shaker. Using the optimized media and growth conditions, we obtained a 10-fold improvement in the production of phytase by S. cerevisiae

Lipase production using microorganisms from different agro-industrial by- products

This work is focused on the study of different microorganisms to obtain a high level of lipase. It was selected 6 different microorganisms: Geotrichum candidum NRRLY-552, Geotrichum sp., Fusarium oxysporum and three wild yeasts from Brazil rainforest. Fermentation carried out using agro industrial by-products like corn steep liquor and protein hydrolysed in shaken flasks under different conditions according to each microorganism. The best results obtained were 17 U.cm-3 (Geotrichum candidum NRRLY-552) and 11 U.cm-3 (Geotrichum sp.) using corn steep liquor and soybean oil, 3.60 U.cm-3 (AAV1 wild yeast) using yeast hydrolysed and soybean oil and 3.90 U.cm-3 (Fusarium oxysporum) using peptone and soybean oil. This work showed that imperfect fungi Geotrichum has better potencial to produce lipase compared to other microorganisms evaluated. However, lipase from Fusarium oxysporum showed a good stability in high pH which is very interesting to new applications of lipase in alkaline conditions4110811

Antioxidant potential and modulatory effects of restructured lipids from the amazonian palms on liver cells

Enzymatic interesterification is used to manipulate oil and fat in order to obtain improved restructured lipids with desired technological properties. However, with raw materials containing significant amounts of bioactive compounds, the influence of this enzymatic process on the bioactivity of the final product is still not clear. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant potential and modulatory effects of two raw materials from the Amazonian area, buriti oil and murumuru fat, before and after lipase interesterification, on human hepatoma cells (HepG2). The results indicate that minor bioactive compounds naturally found in the raw materials and their antioxidant capacity are preserved after enzymatic interesterification, and that the restructured lipids modulate HepG2 endogenous antioxidant enzyme554553561CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2012- -22774-5; 2012-22829-4Sem informaçãoSem informaçã

Plant lipases from latex: properties and industrial applications

Biocatalysts have innumerous advantages with respect to classical chemical processes, such as high specificity. Lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) are biocatalysts with large application in synthesis and hydrolysis reactions of triacylglycerols. The search for new sources of lipases has been intensified in the last years due to the high cost of microbial and animal lipases, wich restricts their use on an industrial scale. Lipases obtained from the latex of Carica papaya, Carica pentagona, Euphorbia characias, E. wulfenii, known for their proteolytic properties, are a good alternative source. In this review, we describe the well-known sources of vegetal lipases extracted from the latex and present some of their industrial applications.939

Antioxidant Potential and Modulatory Effects of Restructured Lipids from the Amazonian Palms on Liver Cells

Enzimska interesterifikacija koristi se za obradu ulja i masti radi dobivanja restrukturiranih lipida sa željenim tehnološkim svojstvima. Međutim, s obzirom na to da sirovi materijali sadržavaju velike udjele bioaktivnih tvari, još uvijek je nejasan utjecaj ovakvih enzimskih procesa na biološku aktivnost konačnog produkta. Stoga je svrha ovog istraživanja bila procijeniti antioksidacijski potencijal i modulacijski učinak dvaju sirovih materijala iz područja Amazone (buriti ulja i murumuru masti) na stanice jetre (HepG2), i to prije i nakon procesa interesterifikacije. Istraživanje je pokazalo da su neke bioaktivne komponente sirovih materijala i njihov antioksidacijski učinak očuvani nakon enzimske esterifikacije restrukturiranih lipida, pri čemu dolazi do modulacije HepG2 endogenog antioksidacijskog enzima.Enzymatic interesterification is used to manipulate oil and fat in order to obtain improved restructured lipids with desired technological properties. However, with raw materials containing significant amounts of bioactive compounds, the influence of this enzymatic process on the bioactivity of the final product is still not clear. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant potential and modulatory effects of two raw materials from the Amazonian area, buriti oil and murumuru fat, before and after lipase interesterification, on human hepatoma cells (HepG2). The results indicate that minor bioactive compounds naturally found in the raw materials and their antioxidant capacity are preserved after enzymatic interesterification, and that the restructured lipids modulate HepG2 endogenous antioxidant enzyme

Enzymatic synthesis of short chain citronellyl esters by a new lipase from Rhizopus sp

Short chain citronellyl esters were synthesized by a new microbial lipase from Rhizopus sp strain isolated and lipase produced at UNICAMP, Brazil. Direct esterification and transesterification reactions have been performed to produce citronellyl acetate and butyrate in a free-solvent system and with n-hexane in reaction medium. Reaction mixture for direct esterification and transesterification was carried out at 45ºC in equimolar concentration of substrates: acid or ester and alcohol. Only citronellyl butyrate was synthesized by direct esterification with yields from 95 to 100% after 24 hrs. of reaction time, with or without n-hexane. Citronellyl acetate was synthesized by transesterification with ethyl acetate and cytronellol, with yield of 58% after 48 hrs. and 48% of conversion for reaction butyl acetate and cytronellol. The results suggest that the size of the aliphatic chain from acyl donor was importance to conversion rate. Acids with more than two carbons showed to be better substrate for Rhizopus sp lipase. Transesterification reaction showed different behaviour, ester substrate with four carbons was better than six carbon for citronellyl acetate synthesis

Evaluation of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Produced with Interesterified Buriti Oil

Pozadina istraživanja. Ulje buritija, izolirano iz pulpe amazonskog ploda, bogato je mikroelementima s antioksidativnim svojstvima i velikom biološkom vrijednošću. Nekoliko dostupnih istraživanja pokazuju da bi ovo ulje moglo imati široki spektar primjene, međutim nijedno istraživanje nije se dosad bavilo poboljšanjem njegovih značajki za komercijalnu primjenu. Enzimska interesterifikacija je jedna od dostupnih metoda za poboljšanje svojstava ulja i masti, a rezultati naših nedavnih ispitivanja pokazuju da lipaza specifično djeluje na ulje buritija, pri čemu nastaju strukturirani lipidi bogati oleinskom kiselinom, a istodobno se očuva većina spojeva prisutnih u manjim količinama u ulju. U ovom smo radu, tragajući za dodatnim načinima proširenja primjene sirovog ulja buritija, proučavali ponašanje strukturiranog ulja u nanostrukturiranim lipidnim nosačima. Eksperimentalni pristup. Nanostrukturirani lipidni nosači proizvedeni su iz interesterificiranog ulja buritija, a njhova stabilnost, veličina kapljica, električni naboj, mikrostruktura, polimorfizam i antioksidativno djelovanje procijenjeni su pomoću metoda ORAC (engl. oxygen radical absorbance capacity) i FRAP (engl. ferric reducing antioxidant power). Rezultati i zaključci. Rezultati pokazuju da je interesterifikacijom nastalo više nezasićenih triacilglicerola, a nanostrukturirani lipidni nosači pripremljeni s interesterificiranim uljem buritija imali su manje kapljice od onih dobivenih iz sirovog ulja buritija. Čestice su ostale stabilne tijekom skladištenja, a nanostrukturirani lipidni nosači pokazali su složeni polimorfizam uz prisutnost triju kristalnih oblika. ORAC vrijednost bila je približno 23 % veća u nanolipidnim nosačima sa strukturiranim lipidima nego u nanolipidnim nosačima sa sirovim uljem buritija, a FRAP vrijednost bila je 16 % veća, što potvrđuje utjecaj interesterifikacije na antioksidacijsku aktivnost nanonosača. Može se zaključiti da su nanostrukturirani lipidni nosači pripremljeni s interesterificiranim uljem buritija imali male kapljice, veliku stabilnost i antioksidativni kapacitet, te da se mogu koristiti u prehrambenim proizvodima i biološkim pripravcima. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Ovo istraživanje pokazuje da je interesterifikacija pozitivno utjecala na fizikalno-kemijska svojstva nanostrukturiranih lipidnih čestica, a nastalo ulje bilo je bogato oleinskom kiselinom, imalo veliku stabilnost i izražen antioksidativni kapacitet. Stoga je zaključeno da postoji interes za daljnju primjenu tih nanočestica kao učinkovitog sustava nosača.Research background. Extracted from the pulp of an Amazonian fruit, buriti oil is rich in micronutrients with antioxidant properties and high biological value. The few studies available indicate that this oil could be used in a wide range of applications; however, there are no studies that work on the improvement of the characteristics of this oil for commercial application. The enzymatic interesterification is one of the tools available to improve the properties of oils and fats and our recent studies have demonstrated that the lipase could specifically act on buriti oil to produce structured lipids rich in oleic acid, while preserving most of the minor compounds present in this oil. Still looking for ways to expand the applicability of this raw oil, in this work, we are interested in studying the behaviour of this structured oil in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Experimental approach. The NLCs were produced with interesterified buriti oil and the stability, droplet size, electrical charge, microstructure, polymorphism and antioxidant activity of the samples were evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Results and conclusions. The results showed that the interesterification formed more unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs), and NLCs prepared with interesterified buriti oil had smaller droplets than NLCs with crude buriti oil. Particles remained stable throughout the storage period and NLCs exhibited complex polymorphism with the presence of three crystalline forms. The ORAC value was approx. 23 % higher in nanolipid carries with structured lipids than in the nanolipid carriers with crude buriti oil, and the FRAP value 16 % higher, demonstrating the influence of interesterification on the antioxidant activity of nanocarriers. Thus, NLCs prepared with interesterified buriti oil had small droplets, high stability and antioxidant capacity, and have a potential for nutritional and biological applications. Novelty and scientific contribution. This research showed that interesterification positively influenced the physicochemical properties of NLCs, producing the oil rich in oleic acid, high stability and antioxidant capacity. Therefore, it may be interesting to use these nanocarriers to obtain efficient carrier systems for future applications