Food Value Of Mealworm Grown On Acrocomia Aculeata Pulp Flour

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Insects have played an important role as human food throughout history, especially in Africa, Asia and Latin America. A good example of edible insects is the mealworm, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae), which are eaten in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia. This species is easily bred in captivity, requiring simple management. The bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd) is an abundant palm tree found in the Brazilian Cerrado, providing fruits with high nutritional value. The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of T. molitor grown in different artificial diets with bocaiuva pulp flour. The nutritional composition, fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, trypsin activity and anti-nutritional factors of larvae were analyzed. The results showed that mealworms grown on artificial diet with bocaiuva are a good source of protein (44.83%) and lipid (40.45%), with significant levels of unsaturated fatty acids (65.99%), antioxidant activity (4.5 uM Trolox/g of oil extracted from larvae) and absence of anti-nutritional factors. This study indicates a new source of biomass for growing mealworms and shows that it is possible to breed mealworms in artificial diet with bocaiuva flour without compromising the nutritional quality of the larvae. © 2016 Alves et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.113CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Quark initiated coherent diffractive production of muon pair and W boson at hadron colliders

The large transverse momentum muon pair and W boson productions in the quark initiated coherent diffractive processes at hadron colliders are discussed under the framework of the two-gluon exchange parametrization of the Pomeron model. In this approach, the production cross sections are related to the small-x off-diagonal gluon distribution and the large-x quark distribution in the proton (antiproton). By approximating the off-diagonal gluon distribution by the usual gluon distribution function, we estimate the production rates of these processes at the Fermilab Tevatron.Comment: 11pages, 6 PS figures, to appear in PR

Diffractive light quark jet production at hadron colliders in the two-gluon exchange model

Massless quark and antiquark jet production at large transverse momentum in the coherent diffractive processes at hadron colliders is calculated in the two-gluon exchange parametrization of the Pomeron model. We use the helicity amplitude method to calculate the cross section formula. We find that for the light quark jet production the diffractive process is related to the differential off-diagonal gluon distribution function in the proton. We estimate the production rate for this process at the Fermilab Tevatron by approximating the off-diagonal gluon distribution function by the usual diagonal gluon distribution in the proton. And we find that the cross sections for the diffractive light quark jet production and the charm quark jet production are in the same order of magnitude. We also use the helicity amplitude method to calculate the diffractive charm jet production at hadron colliders, by which we reproduce the leading logarithmic approximation result of this process we previously calculated.Comment: 15 pages, 4 PS figures, Revte

VARIAÇÃO DOS CONSTITUINTES BIOQUÍMICOS SANGUÍNEOS DE TARTARUGAS-DA-AMAZÔNIA (Podocnemis expansa, Schweigger 1812) (TESTUDINATA) MANTIDAS EM CRIATÓRIO COMERCIAL

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the biochemistry of blood constituents from the South American River Turtle Podocnemis expansa, Schweigger 1912. For this experiment, 46 animals from Moenda do Lago Farm, a commercial farm from São José dos Bandeirantes, Goiás State, Brazil, were used, the blood being collected from the vertebral sinus, trsnferred to vacuntainer tubes without anticoagulant, spun down, the serum collected in eppendorfs and storaged at 20C and the respective analysis carried out by colorimetric techniques and fast glucose sensor Precision Plus MedsenseÅ at the College of Veterinary Medicine Latobatories at Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The mean values found were as follows: Total proteins, 4.42 ± 0.55 g/dL, albumin, 2.50 ±0.2 g/dL, globulins, 1.92 ± 0.35 mg/dL, albumin/globulin ratio (A/G) 1.55 ±1.46, glucose, 122.9 ± 35.2 mg/dL, urea, 61.13 ± 28.35 mg/dL, creatinine, 0.098 ± 0.021 mg/dL, uric acid, 2.08 ± 0.53 mg/dL, cholesterol, 106.93 ± 21.03 mg/dL, total calcium,7.08 ± 1.04 mg/dL, ionic calcium, 4.41 ± 0.60 mg/dL, phosphorus, 5.21 ± 1.22 mg/dL, calcium/phosphorus ratio, 1.58 mg/dL ± 0.66, iron, 390.35 ± 116,65 µg/dL, magnesium, 1.59 ± 0.14, chlorides, 86.40 ± 7.63 mEq/ L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 194.56 ± 154.27 U/L, alanineaminotransferase (ALT) 4.04 ± 3.00 U/L, alkaline phosphatase, 131.13 ± 59.96 U/L, ¡- glutamiltransferase (GGT) 0.60 ± 0.84 U/L and tryglicerides, 127.65 ± 100.86 mg/dL. In conclusion, mean values of blood constituents of Podocnemis expansa did not show great differences from other chelonian species. The albumin/globulin ratio, and uric acid and glucose values were inversely related to body weight. Thus, the results of this research bring data on South America River Turtle blood biochemistry raised in captivity, although new research studies will be necessary to establish the species reference values.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as variações dos constituintes bioquímicos sanguíneos da tartaruga Podocnemis expansa de um criatório comercial. Para isto, foram colhidas, por venipuntura do seio vertebral caudal, amostras de sangue de 46 animais mantidos em tanques na Fazenda Moenda do Lago, distrito de São José dos Bandeirantes, município de Nova Crixás GO. Após colhidas, as amostras de sangue foram transferidas rapidamente para frascos vacutainer® sem anticoagulante e levados à centrífuga para obtenção do soro, logo após transferidos para eppendorf e armazenados a 200C. O material foi transportado para o laboratório da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária (FAMEV) da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) para o seu processamento. As análises foram processadas colorimetricamente e em sensor rápido de glicose (Precision Plus Medsense®), os valores médios foram: proteínas totais 4,42±0,55 g/ dL, albumina 2,50±0,2 g/dL, globulinas 1,92±0,35 g/dL, relação albumina/globulinas (A/G) 1,55±1,46, glicose 122,9±35,2 mg/dL, uréia 61,13±28,35 mg/dL, creatinina 0,098±0,021 mg/dL, ácido úrico 2,08±0,53 mg/dL, cálcio total 7,08±1,04 mg/dL, cálcio ionizado 4,41±0,60 mg/ dL, colesterol 106,93±21,03 mg/dL, fósforo 5,21±1,22 mg/dL, relação cálcio/fósforo (Ca++/P) 1,58±0,66, ferro 390,35±116,65 ì g/dL, magnésio 1,59±0,14 mg/dL, cloretos 86,40±7,63 mEq/L, aspartato aminotransferase (AST) 194,56±154,27 U/L, alanino aminotransferase (ALT) 4,04±3,00 U/L, fosfatase alcalina 131,13±59,96 U/L, gama glutamiltransferase (GGT) 0,60±0,84 U/L e triglicérides 127,65±100,86 mg/dL. Conclui-se que os valores apresentam grandes diferenças dos valores de outras espécies de quelônios e que a relação albumina:globulina, as concentrações plasmáticas de ácido úrico e glicose são inversamente proporcionais às massas corporais dos animais. A espécie estudada apresenta escassos valores de bioquímica sanguínea na literatura, desta maneira os dados que foram apresentados auxiliam no estabelecimento de um padrão de bioquímica sanguínea para Podocnemis expansa criadas em cativeiro, mas também pode ser base para novos estudos

ORIGEM E RAMIFICAÇÕES DAS ARTÉRIAS MESENTÉRICAS CRANIAL E CAUDAL EM TARTARUGA DA AMAZÔNIA Podocnemis expansa Schweigger, 1812, (Testudinata-pelomedusidae)

Foram estudadas cinco Podocnemis expansa, fêmeas, cujo peso variava de 550 a 850 g. Os animais tiveram seu sistema arterial injetado com solução corada de látex sintético, fixados e armazenados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%. Após abertura da cavidade celomática, as artérias mesentéricas cranial e caudal foram dissecadas. Encontrou-se a artéria mesentérica cranial como um ramo do tronco celíaco-mesentérico e originando as artérias pancreaticoduodenal caudal, ileocólica e jejunais, que irrigam o duodeno, pâncreas, cólon, íleo e jejuno, respectivamente. A artéria mesentérica caudal origina-se da aorta (60%) ou da artéria ilíaca comum (40%), distribuindo-se para o cólon e reto. Origin and ramifications of the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries in Amazonian turtle - Podocnemis expansa Schweigger, 1812, Testudinata-Pelomedusidae Abstract An anatomic study has been carried out on the mesenteric arteries of five Podocnemis expansa females weighing from 550 to 680 g. The animals had their artery system injected with a latex solution colored with a specific pigment and were then fixed in a 10% formol solution. After the coelomatic cavity being opened the cranial and caudal mesenteric arteries were dissected. It has been found that the cranial mesenteric artery is a branch of the coeliac mesenteric trunk while the cranial mesenteric artery gives off the pancreatic-duodenal , ileocolic and jejunal arteries that irrigate the duodenum, pancreas, colon, ileum and jejunum respectively. The aorta gives origen of as much as 60% of the caudal mesenteric artery, the remaining 40 % being originated from the common ileac artery, their branches reaching the colon and the rectum

Equivalence of light-front and conventional thermal field theory

ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, USA, MD, 20740-384

Diffractive charm jet production at hadron colliders in the two-gluon exchange model

We present a calculation of diffractive charm jet production at hadron colliders in perturbative QCD based on the two-gluon exchange model. Differing from the previous calculations, we abandon the use of the effective color-singlet vitual gluon simplification, and use the real gluon in the calculations for the partonic process. We find the final result is free of the linear singularities due to the small transverse momenta of the exchanged two gluons. In the leading logarithmic approximation (LLA) in QCD, this process is related to the off-diagonal gluon density in the proton. As a result, this process may provide a wide window for testing the two-gluon exchange model, and may be particularly useful in studying the small $x$ physics. In comparison, the diffractive bottom jet production is also discussed, and is found to be important only for large transverse momentum of the jet.Comment: 15pages, 7 PS figures, to appear in PR

Horizontal Branch Stars: The Interplay between Observations and Theory, and Insights into the Formation of the Galaxy

We review HB stars in a broad astrophysical context, including both variable and non-variable stars. A reassessment of the Oosterhoff dichotomy is presented, which provides unprecedented detail regarding its origin and systematics. We show that the Oosterhoff dichotomy and the distribution of globular clusters (GCs) in the HB morphology-metallicity plane both exclude, with high statistical significance, the possibility that the Galactic halo may have formed from the accretion of dwarf galaxies resembling present-day Milky Way satellites such as Fornax, Sagittarius, and the LMC. A rediscussion of the second-parameter problem is presented. A technique is proposed to estimate the HB types of extragalactic GCs on the basis of integrated far-UV photometry. The relationship between the absolute V magnitude of the HB at the RR Lyrae level and metallicity, as obtained on the basis of trigonometric parallax measurements for the star RR Lyrae, is also revisited, giving a distance modulus to the LMC of (m-M)_0 = 18.44+/-0.11. RR Lyrae period change rates are studied. Finally, the conductive opacities used in evolutionary calculations of low-mass stars are investigated. [ABRIDGED]Comment: 56 pages, 22 figures. Invited review, to appear in Astrophysics and Space Scienc

A new generation of real-time systems in the JET tokamak

Recently a new recipe for developing and deploying real-time systems has become increasingly adopted in the JET tokamak. Powered by the advent of x86 multi-core technology and the reliability of the JET’s well established Real-Time Data Network (RTDN) to handle all real-time I/O, an official Linux vanilla kernel has been demonstrated to be able to provide realtime performance to user-space applications that are required to meet stringent timing constraints. In particular, a careful rearrangement of the Interrupt ReQuests’ (IRQs) affinities together with the kernel’s CPU isolation mechanism allows to obtain either soft or hard real-time behavior depending on the synchronization mechanism adopted. Finally, the Multithreaded Application Real-Time executor (MARTe) framework is used for building applications particularly optimised for exploring multicore architectures. In the past year, four new systems based on this philosophy have been installed and are now part of the JET’s routine operation. The focus of the present work is on the configuration and interconnection of the ingredients that enable these new systems’ real-time capability and on the impact that JET’s distributed real-time architecture has on system engineering requirements, such as algorithm testing and plant commissioning. Details are given about the common real-time configuration and development path of these systems, followed by a brief description of each system together with results regarding their real-time performance. A cycle time jitter analysis of a user-space MARTe based application synchronising over a network is also presented. The goal is to compare its deterministic performance while running on a vanilla and on a Messaging Real time Grid (MRG) Linux kernel