FAVORABILIDADE CLIMÁTICA PARA CANCRO BASAL (Botryosphaeria) EM Eucalyptus benthamii NO PARANÁ E SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL

Eucalyptus benthamii é uma espécie florestal plantada na região Sul do Brasil para produção de madeira, em áreas com geadas leves. Um fator limitante é a presença de cancros basais (Botryosphaeria sp.) e morte de árvores, que pode ser minimizado pelo plantio em locais com condições ambientais desfavoráveis à doença. Este estudo analisou os fatores climáticos em áreas com cancros basais para estabelecer mapas de favorabilidade climática para a doença. O estudo foi focado em plantios nos estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina, onde foram coletados dados da doença e de temperatura média anual e precipitação pluviométrica acumulada anual. Mapas de risco de ocorrência de cancro foram gerados em sistemas de informações geográficas (SIG). As médias das temperaturas máximas anuais, variaram entre 23,3 a 24,2 oC e a precipitação média anual variou de 1.620 a 1.910 mm. A título de comparação, tais condições são ótimas para o cancro do eucalipto (Chrysoporthe cubensis), que são temperatura média anual acima de 23 °C e volume total de precipitação média anual acima de 1200 mm. No Paraná, as zonas mais favoráveis ao cancro basal estão localizadas na faixa oeste e algumas áreas do litoral, enquanto em Santa Catarina, nas faixas leste e oeste. A região central desses estados tem condições desfavoráveis, em função de maior altitude e menores temperaturas máximas. Assim, recomenda-se o plantio em áreas agrícolas que estejam dentro das zonas climáticas desfavoráveis ao surgimento do cancro basal, com condições de geadas fracas para permitir o desenvolvimento do E. benthamii

EARLY SELECTION OF Pinus radiata PROGENIES TO Sphaeropsis sapinea

Sphaeropsis sapinea \ue9 um importante pat\uf3geno para Pinus radiata , causando seca de ponteiros e morte de \ue1rvores, em plantios comerciais. Este estudo teve como objetivo selecionar prog\ueanies de Pinus radiata resistentes ao pat\uf3geno. Mudas de 16 prog\ueanies de Pinus radiata foram inoculadas com tr\ueas isolados monosp\uf3ricos do pat\uf3geno, em condi\ue7\ue3o de casa de vegeta\ue7\ue3o. Foram avaliados o comprimento das les\uf5es e o grau de secamento dos ponteiros. Os resultados indicaram que a metodologia de sele\ue7\ue3o precoce foi adequada para selecionar prog\ueanies de Pinus radiata resistentes ao Sphaeropsis sapinea. A herdabilidade m\ue9dia das prog\ueanies variou de acordo com o isolado testado e o crit\ue9rio de sele\ue7\ue3o utilizado.Sphaeropsis sapinea is an important pathogen for some Pinus radiata causing tip blight and death of trees, in commercial plantings. This study was developed to select Pinus radiata progenies resistant to the pathogen, for new plantings in Brazil. Seedlings tips of 16 Pinus radiata progenies were inoculated with three pathogen monosporic isolates of Sphaeropsis sapinea, under greenhouse conditions. Lesions length and tip blight degree were evaluated. Responses of progenies to the pathogen varied according to tested isolate. The results indicated that early selection methodology was adequate to select Pinus radiata progenies resistant against Sphaeropsis sapinea. Average heritability of the progenies varied according to tested isolate and the selection criterion used

Adjuvant Chemotherapy Following Complete Resection of Soft Tissue Sarcoma in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline

Purpose. To review the literature and make recommendations for the use of anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy in adult patients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS)

SANITARY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY, METHODS OF DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF SEEDS OF PEACH PALM

Desde o ano 2000 \ue9 verificada a ocorr\ueancia da doen\ue7a podrid\ue3o da base do estipe (PBE), causada por Fusarium spp., em plantios de pupunheira ( Bactris gasipaes Kunth. var. gasipaes Henderson). A PBE pode se tornar limitante para o cultivo da pupunheira, ocorrendo em plantas com diferentes idades. Temse verificado a presen\ue7a do pat\uf3geno em sementes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: avaliar a qualidade sanit\ue1ria e fisiol\uf3gica de oito lotes comerciais de sementes de pupunheira provenientes da regi\ue3o de Porto Velho - RO; avaliar dois m\ue9todos de detec\ue7\ue3o de Fusarium spp. em sementes; avaliar a patogenicidade e agressividade de isolados de Fusarium spp. obtidos de sementes ; avaliar o tratamento qu\uedmico de dois lotes de sementes de pupunheira para o controle de Fusarium spp. Houve grande varia\ue7\ue3o entre os lotes de sementes de pupunheira quanto \ue0 germina\ue7\ue3o, vigor e emerg\ueancia de pl\ue2ntulas. Fusarium spp. pode ser transmitido das sementes para pl\ue2ntulas causando a doen\ue7a PBE. A metodologia do papel-cart\ue3o para detec\ue7\ue3o de Fusarium spp. mostrou-se mais eficaz na recupera\ue7\ue3o deste pat\uf3geno em sementes de pupunheira. Os fungicidas tiofanato met\uedlico+clorotalonil e tiofanato met\uedlico controlaram Fusarium spp. em sementes de pupunheira. Fusarium oxysporum e Fusarium proliferatum , isolados de semente e pl\ue2ntula, respectivamente, foram patog\ueanicos \ue0 pupunheira.Basal stem rotting (BSR), caused by Fusarium spp., has been observed in peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth. var. gasipaes Henderson) plantations in Brazil since 2000. The disease is a limiting factor to peach palm farming, damaging plants of different ages. The pathogen presence has been verified in seeds. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate the sanitary and physiological quality of eight commercial lots of peach palm seeds from Porto Velho, state of Rondonia, in Brazil; to compare two detection methods for Fusarium spp. in peach palm seeds; to evaluate pathogenicity and to compare aggressiveness of Fusarium spp. isolates from peach palm seeds; and to evaluate the chemical treatment of two peach palm seed lots for controlling Fusarium spp., about their effects on: a) sanitary effect; b) germination and vigor. The Fusarium spp. pathogenic may be transmitted by seeds to seedlings causing BSR disease. The paperboard methodology for Fusarium spp. detection proved to be more efficient for recovering this pathogen in peach palm seeds. The Chlorothalonil + Thiophanate Methyl and Thiophanate Methyl fungicides achieved the effective control over the target pathogen Fusarium spp. in peach palm seeds. Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium proliferatum isolated from seed and seedling, respectively, were pathogenic to peach palm

The use of preoperative radiotherapy in the management of patients with clinically resectable rectal cancer: a practice guideline

BACKGROUND: This systematic review with meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the literature and to develop recommendations regarding the use of preoperative radiotherapy in the management of patients with resectable rectal cancer. METHODS: The MEDLINE, CANCERLIT and Cochrane Library databases, and abstracts published in the annual proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology were systematically searched for evidence. Relevant reports were reviewed by four members of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease Site Group and the references from these reports were searched for additional trials. External review by Ontario practitioners was obtained through a mailed survey. Final approval of the practice guideline report was obtained from the Practice Guidelines Coordinating Committee. RESULTS: Two meta-analyses of preoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone, nineteen trials that compared preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery to surgery alone, and five trials that compared preoperative radiotherapy to alternative treatments were obtained. Randomized trials demonstrate that preoperative radiotherapy followed by surgery is significantly more effective than surgery alone in preventing local recurrence in patients with resectable rectal cancer and it may also improve survival. A single trial, using surgery with total mesorectal excision, has shown similar benefits in local recurrence. CONCLUSION: For adult patients with clinically resectable rectal cancer we conclude that: • Preoperative radiotherapy is an acceptable alternative to the previous practice of postoperative radiotherapy for patients with stage II and III resectable rectal cancer; • Both preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy decrease local recurrence but neither improves survival as much as postoperative radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Therefore, if preoperative radiotherapy is used, chemotherapy should be added postoperatively to at least patients with stage III disease

Follow-up of patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer: a practice guideline

BACKGROUND: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the literature regarding the impact of follow-up on colorectal cancer patient survival and, in a second phase, recommendations were developed. METHODS: The MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, and Cochrane Library databases, and abstracts published in the 1997 to 2002 proceedings of the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology were systematically searched for evidence. Study selection was limited to randomized trials and meta-analyses that examined different programs of follow-up after curative resection of colorectal cancer where five-year overall survival was reported. External review by Ontario practitioners was obtained through a mailed survey. Final approval of the practice guideline report was obtained from the Practice Guidelines Coordinating Committee. RESULTS: Six randomized trials and two published meta-analyses of follow-up were obtained. Of six randomized trials comparing one follow-up program to a more intense program, only two individual trials detected a statistically significant survival benefit favouring the more intense follow-up program. Pooling of all six randomized trials demonstrated a significant improvement in survival favouring more intense follow-up (Relative Risk Ratio 0.80 (95%CI, 0.70 to 0.91; p = 0.0008). Although the rate of recurrence was similar in both of the follow-up groups compared, asymptomatic recurrences and re-operations for cure of recurrences were more common in patients with more intensive follow-up. Trials including CEA monitoring and liver imaging also had significant results, whereas trials not including these tests did not. CONCLUSION: Follow-up programs for patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer do improve survival. These follow-up programs include frequent visits and performance of blood CEA, chest x-rays, liver imaging and colonoscopy, however, it is not clear which tests or frequency of visits is optimal. There is a suggestion that improved survival is due to diagnosis of recurrence at an earlier, asymptomatic stage which allows for more curative resection of recurrence. Based on this evidence and consideration of the biology of colorectal cancer and present practices, a guideline was developed. Patients should be made aware of the risk of disease recurrence or second bowel cancer, the potential benefits of follow-up and the uncertainties requiring further clinical trials. For patients at high-risk of recurrence (stages IIb and III) clinical assessment is recommended when symptoms occur or at least every 6 months the first 3 years and yearly for at least 5 years. At the time of those visits, patients may have blood CEA, chest x-ray and liver imaging. For patients at lower risk of recurrence (stages I and Ia) or those with co-morbidities impairing future surgery, only visits yearly or when symptoms occur. All patients should have a colonoscopy before or within 6 months of initial surgery, and repeated yearly if villous or tubular adenomas >1 cm are found; otherwise repeat every 3 to 5 years. All patients having recurrences should be assessed by a multidisciplinary team in a cancer centre

Conceptualization of community-based entrepreneurship: a case study of Ecofiltro in Guatemala

Workplace innovation and community-based entrepreneurship (CBE) constitute a powerful combination which, if leveraged, could potentially solve society’s most pressing problems. This case study illustrates how an entrepreneur, Philip Wilson combined these two elements to pursue the ambitious goal of taking clean water to one million families in Guatemalan rural areas by 2020, through his organization, Ecofiltro. The research was conducted between 2014 and 2015 in three rural Guatemalan communities. Historical data, observations and semi-structured interviews with Ecofiltro representatives, community leaders and customers were used as data collection methods for this exploratory study. The main objective was to gain a deeper understanding of what made the firm successful in achieving its ambitious goal, whereas other enterprises, mainstream non-government organizations (NGOs) and government institutions fail in solving social, health-related and economic problems. Findings reveal an ingenious workplace innovation led by a visionary leader and a way of organizing which extends Ecofiltro’s workforce by drawing from the local community; a simple yet powerful water filter which fits with the local culture