SANITARY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY, METHODS OF DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF SEEDS OF PEACH PALM

Abstract

Desde o ano 2000 \ue9 verificada a ocorr\ueancia da doen\ue7a podrid\ue3o da base do estipe (PBE), causada por Fusarium spp., em plantios de pupunheira ( Bactris gasipaes Kunth. var. gasipaes Henderson). A PBE pode se tornar limitante para o cultivo da pupunheira, ocorrendo em plantas com diferentes idades. Temse verificado a presen\ue7a do pat\uf3geno em sementes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: avaliar a qualidade sanit\ue1ria e fisiol\uf3gica de oito lotes comerciais de sementes de pupunheira provenientes da regi\ue3o de Porto Velho - RO; avaliar dois m\ue9todos de detec\ue7\ue3o de Fusarium spp. em sementes; avaliar a patogenicidade e agressividade de isolados de Fusarium spp. obtidos de sementes ; avaliar o tratamento qu\uedmico de dois lotes de sementes de pupunheira para o controle de Fusarium spp. Houve grande varia\ue7\ue3o entre os lotes de sementes de pupunheira quanto \ue0 germina\ue7\ue3o, vigor e emerg\ueancia de pl\ue2ntulas. Fusarium spp. pode ser transmitido das sementes para pl\ue2ntulas causando a doen\ue7a PBE. A metodologia do papel-cart\ue3o para detec\ue7\ue3o de Fusarium spp. mostrou-se mais eficaz na recupera\ue7\ue3o deste pat\uf3geno em sementes de pupunheira. Os fungicidas tiofanato met\uedlico+clorotalonil e tiofanato met\uedlico controlaram Fusarium spp. em sementes de pupunheira. Fusarium oxysporum e Fusarium proliferatum , isolados de semente e pl\ue2ntula, respectivamente, foram patog\ueanicos \ue0 pupunheira.Basal stem rotting (BSR), caused by Fusarium spp., has been observed in peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth. var. gasipaes Henderson) plantations in Brazil since 2000. The disease is a limiting factor to peach palm farming, damaging plants of different ages. The pathogen presence has been verified in seeds. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate the sanitary and physiological quality of eight commercial lots of peach palm seeds from Porto Velho, state of Rondonia, in Brazil; to compare two detection methods for Fusarium spp. in peach palm seeds; to evaluate pathogenicity and to compare aggressiveness of Fusarium spp. isolates from peach palm seeds; and to evaluate the chemical treatment of two peach palm seed lots for controlling Fusarium spp., about their effects on: a) sanitary effect; b) germination and vigor. The Fusarium spp. pathogenic may be transmitted by seeds to seedlings causing BSR disease. The paperboard methodology for Fusarium spp. detection proved to be more efficient for recovering this pathogen in peach palm seeds. The Chlorothalonil + Thiophanate Methyl and Thiophanate Methyl fungicides achieved the effective control over the target pathogen Fusarium spp. in peach palm seeds. Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium proliferatum isolated from seed and seedling, respectively, were pathogenic to peach palm