EFECTOS DEL ALIMENTO VIVO Y MICROENCAPSULADO EN EL CRECIMIENTO Y SOBREVIVENCIA DE POSTLARVAS DE COLOSSOMA MACROPOMUM CUVIER, 1816 (CHARACIFORMES, SERRASALMIDAE)

In aquaculture, the survival of fish postlarvae is influenced by food. The gamitana, Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1816, is a species of great economic importance in our country. In the present work, the growth of gamitana C. macropomum postlarvae was evaluated, subjected to three feeding treatments: T1, live food composed of brine shrimp nauplii; T2, food composed of brine shrimp nauplii plus microencapsulated experimental food and T3, only microencapsulated experimental food. Food was provided "ad libitum" and postlarvae growth, specific growth rate, weight gain and survival rate were evaluated. The microencapsulated food was prepared by the gelling, drying and grinding technique. The experiment lasted 30 days. 450 gamitana postlarvae with initial average size of 0.02 ± 0.012 cm distributed in nine aquariums were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and three replications per treatment. The results showed significant differences between the treatments for weight gain (g), the specific growth rate (%) and survival (%). For T : 1.25 g; 13.93% and 1 70.66%; for T : 1.38 g; 14.23% and 78%; for T : 0.83 g; 13.48% and 56.66%, respectively. The water 2 3 quality parameters were within the appropriate ranges for the species. It is concluded that the best yields were obtained with the T2 treatment, brine shrimp nauplii plus microencapsulated food.En acuicultura la sobrevivencia de las postlarvas, etapa crítica en los peces, está influenciada por el alimento. La gamitana, Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1816, es una especie de gran importancia económica en nuestro país. En el presente trabajo se evaluó el crecimiento de postlarvas de C. macropomum, sometidos a tres tratamientos de alimentación: T , alimento vivo compuesto por nauplios 1 de Artemia; T , alimentación con nauplios de Artemia más alimento experimental microencapsulado y T , 2 3 solamente alimento experimental microencapsulado. El alimento se proporcionó “ad libitum” y se evaluaron el crecimiento de las postlarvas, la tasa de crecimiento específico, la ganancia de peso y la tasa de sobrevivencia. El alimento microencapsulado se preparó mediante la técnica de gelificación, secado y molido. El experimento tuvo una duración de 30 días. Se utilizaron 450 postlarvas de gamitana con tamaño promedio inicial de 0,02 ± 0,012 cm distribuidos en nueve acuarios. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con tres tratamientos y tres repeticiones por tratamiento. Los resultados presentaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos para la ganancia de peso (g), la tasa de crecimiento específico (%) y supervivencia (%). Para T : 1,25 g; 13,93% y 70,66%; para T : 1,38 g; 14,23 1 2 % y 78%; para T3: 0,83 g; 13,48% y 56,66%, respectivamente. Los parámetros de calidad de agua estuvieron dentro de los rangos adecuados a la especie. Se concluye que los mejores rendimientos se obtuvieron con el tratamiento T , nauplios de Artemia más alimento microencapsulado

Zinc transport and metallothionein secretion in the intestinal human cell line Caco-2.

Caco-2, a human cell line, displays several biochemical and morphological characteristics of differentiated enterocytes. Among these is the ability to transport zinc from the apical to the basal compartment. This process was enhanced following exposure by the apical compartment to increasing concentrations of the metal. High pressure liquid chromatography fractionation of the media obtained from cells labeled with radioactive zinc showed that metallothioneins (MTs), small metal-binding, cysteine-rich proteins), were present in the apical and basal media of controls as well as in cells grown in the presence of high concentrations of zinc. Following exposure to the metal, the levels of Zn-MTs in the apical medium increased, while in the basal compartment the greatest part of zinc appeared in a free form with minor changes in the levels of basal MTs. Metabolic labeling experiments with radioactive cysteine confirmed the apical secretion of MTs. A stable transfectant clone of Caco-2 cells (CL11) was selected for its ability to express constitutively high levels of the mouse metallothionein I protein. This cell line showed an enhanced transport of the metal following exposure to high concentrations of zinc and a constitutive secretion of the mouse metallothionein I protein in the apical compartment. Together, these findings strongly support the hypothesis of a functional role between the biosynthesis and secretion of MTs and the transport of zinc in intestinal cells

Efecto de ensilados de sangre e intestinos de pollo, como sustitutos parciales de la harina de pescado, en el crecimiento de alevinos de tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

The inclusion of biological silage from chicken intestines and blood in the feed for Nilotic tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, substituting 80% of the protein content of fishmeal, was evaluated. The silages were made with 70% waste, 15% energy source (14% molasses and 1% sugar) and 15% yogurt (lactic acid bacteria). The pH and acidity were determined for 180 days, and the chemical analysis was done using standard methods. The base diet was formulated with the minimum cost equation, and considering the nutritional requirements for tilapia, inclusion levels and cost of inputs. A control diet and two with silages were used. The fingerlings (n=270) with an initial weight of 5.17 ± 0.18 g were randomly distributed in nine aquariums (3 per diet). The fish were fed three times a day and evaluated monthly. A significant difference (p<0.05) was found in the final weight and biomass averages between the control and silage. Feed conversion factor (FCA) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were similar between diets (p>0.05). The cost to produce 1 kg of tilapia was lower in the diet with intestine silage (USD 1.16), followed by blood silage (USD 1.20), meaning a reduction in feeding costs of 29.26 and 26.48%, respectively.Se evaluó la inclusión de ensilado biológico de intestinos y sangre de pollo en el alimento para tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, sustituyendo el 80% del contenido proteico de la harina de pescado. Los ensilados se elaboraron con 70% de residuos, 15% de fuente energética (14% melaza y 1% azúcar) y 15% de yogur (bacterias lácticas). Se determinó el pH y acidez durante 180 días y se hizo el análisis químico empleando métodos estándares. La dieta base se formuló con la ecuación de mínimo costo, además de considerar los requerimientos nutricionales para tilapia, los niveles de inclusión y el costo de los insumos. Se empleó una dieta control y dos dietas con ensilados. Se distribuyó aleatoriamente a 270 alevinos revertidos con un peso inicial de 5.17±0.18 g en nueve acuarios (3 por dieta). Los peces fueron alimentados tres veces al día y evaluados mensualmente. Se encontró diferencia significativa (p<0.05) en los promedios finales de peso y biomasa entre el control y los ensilados. El factor de conversión del alimento (FCA), y la relación de eficiencia proteica (PER) fueron similares entre dietas (p>0.05). El costo para producir 1 kg de tilapia fue menor en la dieta con ensilado de intestinos (USD 1.16), seguido por el ensilado de sangre (USD 1.20), significando una reducción en los costos de alimentación de 29.26 y 26.48%, respectivamente

Efeito da intensidade luminosa sobre o crescimento de juvenis do linguado paralichthys orbignyanus

Submitted by Raquel Vergara Gondran ([email protected]) on 2016-01-28T06:45:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 41_4_859-864.pdf: 303862 bytes, checksum: f6e48bce820dbbd477471c479a18d9d6 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Lilian M. Silva ([email protected]) on 2016-01-31T11:15:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 41_4_859-864.pdf: 303862 bytes, checksum: f6e48bce820dbbd477471c479a18d9d6 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-31T11:15:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 41_4_859-864.pdf: 303862 bytes, checksum: f6e48bce820dbbd477471c479a18d9d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Most fishes require a minimum threshold light intensity to be able to develop and grow. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of light intensity on growth of juvenile Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus. Juvenile flounder (1.55 ± 0.03 g) were randomly distributed into twelve 50 L tanks (75 fish per tank). Light intensities tested were 5 (5 ± 1 lux), 180 (176 ± 6 lux), 700 (712 ± 29 lux) and 2000 lux (1,998 ± 64 lux), all in triplicate. Throughout 42 days, fish were fed a commercial feed until satiation. Salinity was maintained at 32 g L-1, temperature at 23 °C, dissolved oxygen at 6.6 mg L-1, pH at 7.8 and un-ionized ammonia at 0.01 mg L-1 NH3-N. At the end of the experiment, juveniles reared at 5 and 180 lux reached respectively 10.1 ± 0.3 and 9.44 ± 0.3 g, their weight was higher than those reared at 700 lux (8.45 ± 0.3 g) and 2000 lux (8.44 ± 0.3 g) (P<0.05). Specific growth rate was higher at 5 lux (4.6 ± 0.2%), compared to 700 lux (4.0 ± 0.1%) and 2000 lux (4.0 ± 0.1%) (P<0.05), while fish reared at 180 lux (4.3 ± 0.1%) did not differ from the other treatments (P>0.05). Survival was 100% at all light intensities tested. It was observed that juvenile Brazilian flounder growth is affected by light intensity, and according to the results obtained, they should be reared at light intensities ranging between 5 and 180 lux.A maioria dos peixes necessita de um ambiente com uma intensidade luminosa mínima para o seu desenvolvimento e crescimento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da intensidade luminosa sobre o crescimento de juvenis do linguado Paralichthys orbignyanus. Juvenis de 1,55 ± 0,03 g foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 12 tanques de 50 L (75 peixes por tanque). As intensidades luminosas testadas foram 5 (5 ± 1 lux), 180 (176 ± 6 lux), 700 (712 ± 29 lux) e 2.000 lux (1.998 ± 64 lux), todas em três repetições. Durante 42 dias, os peixes foram alimentados com ração comercial até à saciedade. A salinidade foi mantida em 32 g L-1, a temperatura em 23 °C, o oxigênio dissolvido em 6,6 mg L-1, o pH em 7,8 e a amônia não ionizada em 0,01 mg L-1 NH3-N. Ao final do experimento, os juvenis mantidos sob 5 e 180 lux apresentaram respectivamente 10,1 ± 0,3 e 9,44 ± 0,3 g, pesos superiores aos mantidos sob 700 lux (8,45 ± 0,3 g) e 2.000 lux (8,44 ± 0,3 g) (P<0,05). A taxa de crescimento específico diário foi maior sob 5 lux (4,6 ± 0,2%), quando comparada às obtidas sob 700 lux (4,0 ± 0,1%) e 2.000 lux (4,0 ± 0,1%) (P<0,05), enquanto que a obtida sob 180 lux (4,3 ± 0,1%) não diferiu de nenhuma (P>0,05). A sobrevivência foi de 100% em todos os tratamentos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, juvenis de linguado devem ser criados entre 5 e 180 lux

Effects of light intensity on growth of juvenile Brazilian flounder paralichthys orbignyanus

Most fishes require a minimum threshold light intensity to be able to develop and grow. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of light intensity on growth of juvenile Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus. Juvenile flounder (1.55 ± 0.03 g) were randomly distributed into twelve 50 L tanks (75 fish per tank). Light intensities tested were 5 (5 ± 1 lux), 180 (176 ± 6 lux), 700 (712 ± 29 lux) and 2000 lux (1,998 ± 64 lux), all in triplicate. Throughout 42 days, fish were fed a commercial feed until satiation. Salinity was maintained at 32 g L-1, temperature at 23 °C, dissolved oxygen at 6.6 mg L-1, pH at 7.8 and un-ionized ammonia at 0.01 mg L-1 NH3-N. At the end of the experiment, juveniles reared at 5 and 180 lux reached respectively 10.1 ± 0.3 and 9.44 ± 0.3 g, their weight was higher than those reared at 700 lux (8.45 ± 0.3 g) and 2000 lux (8.44 ± 0.3 g) (P<0.05). Specific growth rate was higher at 5 lux (4.6 ± 0.2%), compared to 700 lux (4.0 ± 0.1%) and 2000 lux (4.0 ± 0.1%) (P<0.05), while fish reared at 180 lux (4.3 ± 0.1%) did not differ from the other treatments (P>0.05). Survival was 100% at all light intensities tested. It was observed that juvenile Brazilian flounder growth is affected by light intensity, and according to the results obtained, they should be reared at light intensities ranging between 5 and 180 lux.A maioria dos peixes necessita de um ambiente com uma intensidade luminosa mínima para o seu desenvolvimento e crescimento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da intensidade luminosa sobre o crescimento de juvenis do linguado Paralichthys orbignyanus. Juvenis de 1,55 ± 0,03 g foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 12 tanques de 50 L (75 peixes por tanque). As intensidades luminosas testadas foram 5 (5 ± 1 lux), 180 (176 ± 6 lux), 700 (712 ± 29 lux) e 2.000 lux (1.998 ± 64 lux), todas em três repetições. Durante 42 dias, os peixes foram alimentados com ração comercial até à saciedade. A salinidade foi mantida em 32 g L-1, a temperatura em 23 °C, o oxigênio dissolvido em 6,6 mg L-1, o pH em 7,8 e a amônia não ionizada em 0,01 mg L-1 NH3-N. Ao final do experimento, os juvenis mantidos sob 5 e 180 lux apresentaram respectivamente 10,1 ± 0,3 e 9,44 ± 0,3 g, pesos superiores aos mantidos sob 700 lux (8,45 ± 0,3 g) e 2.000 lux (8,44 ± 0,3 g) (P<0,05). A taxa de crescimento específico diário foi maior sob 5 lux (4,6 ± 0,2%), quando comparada às obtidas sob 700 lux (4,0 ± 0,1%) e 2.000 lux (4,0 ± 0,1%) (P<0,05), enquanto que a obtida sob 180 lux (4,3 ± 0,1%) não diferiu de nenhuma (P>0,05). A sobrevivência foi de 100% em todos os tratamentos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, juvenis de linguado devem ser criados entre 5 e 180 lux