Physical activity level and sedentary behaviour among healthy school children in spain measured by triaxial accelerometry

Introduction Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour has been identified as risk factors of childhood obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Triaxial accelerometers provide an objective indicator of free-living physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to describe levels and patterns of PA and sedentary time (ST) in Spanish children. Methods Data from 316 (n=166 boys, n=150 girls) healthy students (Age: 11.1±1.3 years, BMI: 19.8±3.6 kg/m2) enrolled in fourth, fifth or sixth grade, from the south, central and north of Spain, were used. The Actigraph GT3X monitor device was used to assess PA. Accelerometers were set to register 1-second epoch cycles, and were programmed to assess 7 days. We selected the cut points from Evenson et al. to determine the time spent on different intensity levels of PA and ST. Results Accelerometer data revealed that children spent an average of 54.4±17.8 min/day in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and were sedentary for an average of 10 hours per day (619.2±67.3 min/day). Accumulation of 60 min/day of MVPA was achieved by 37.7% of the students. There was a significant difference in MVPA and ST between boys and girls (MVPA 58.3±16.9 vs 49.9±17.7 min/day, p<0.001; ST 609.8±66.1 vs 629.6±67.4 min/day, p<0.01; respectively). Boys performed 9865 steps/day, while girls performed 9119 steps/day (p<0.05). Discussion Our results suggest that a high percentage of Spanish schoolchildren do not meet PA and daily steps recommendations, where boys are more active than girls. Children spent most of their time in sedentary activities and light PA. Spanish government should consider launching campaigns against sedentary behaviour in schools in order to increase MVPA daily level. References Benítez-Porres J, Alvero-Cruz, JR, Sardinha, LB, Lopez-Fernandez I, Carnero EA (2016). Nutr Hosp, 33(5), 1036-1044. Cesa CC, Sbruzzi G, Ribeiro RA, Barbiero SM, de Oliveira Petkowicz R, Eibel B, Pellanda LC (2014). Prev Med, 69, 54-62. Cordova A, Villa G, Sureda A, Rodriguez-Marroyo JA, Sanchez-Collado MP (2012). Rev Esp Cardiol, 65(7), 620-626. Evenson KR, Catellier DJ, Gill K, Ondrak KS, McMurray RG (2008). J Sports Sci, 26(14), 1557-1565. WHO (2010). 58, Switzerland. Contact [email protected] de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Effects of High Intensity Interval or Continuous Moderate Training on Metabolic Thresholds: A Randomized Control Trial

High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been suggested to promote superior metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations than classical moderate continuous training (MCT) in athletes or sedentary people. However, less is known about the effects of HIIT in metabolic thresholds like anaerobic (AT) or respiratory compensation point (RCP) in active women. Moreover, former studies have not compared exercise protocols with same training internal load (similar energy expenditure), which must be a main concern in order to compare HIIT and MCT. PURPOSE: It was our aim to compare changes in AT and RCP between HIIT and MCT exercise training protocols with the same energy expenditure. METHODS: Forty-one healthy women accepted to participate in the study (42.587.53 years; fat mass percent (%FM) 35.87.0%; maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), 30.787.66 ml/kg/min). Thirty-two were previously active (>3 days/week restructured exercise), and they were randomized in HIIT (95% VO2max reserve, 172 min/week) or MCT (61% VO2max reserve, 279 min/week) groups, a control group (CG) of 9 women with similar age and body composition was selected from the university community. Both exercise-training protocols were designed to result in similar energy expenditure and were performed 2-3 times per week during 24 weeks. AT and RCP were measured using indirect calorimetry (Ultima CCM, MedGraphics, USA) during a ramp exercise test (delta 15 watts/min) on bike. Data from exercise test were used to prescribe training load. Repeated measured analyses were carried out in order to compare AT and RCP before and after 24 weeks of training between HIIT, MCT and CG groups. RESULTS: After 24-week of training exercise, both groups increased VO2 at AT (1067404 vs 1207351 ml/min and 947293 vs. 1128351 ml/min, HIIT and MCT respectively; P<0.05 for both) and RCP (1529434 vs 1730403 ml/min and 1599496 vs. 1815529 ml/min; HIIT and MCT respectively, P<0.01 for both). Post Hoc analysis showed that VO2 at AT and RCP were significantly different among training groups and CG, which did not modify any variable. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggests that both HIIT and MCT promote similar improvements of VO2 at AT and RCP in previously active women, when similar energy expenditures are performed.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Supplemental Figures_JAP_2022.pdf

Set of figures showing: 1. Enviromental CH4 fluctuations at several locations of a building where a whole room calorimetry (WRIC) is installed. 2. Schedule of activities of protocol inside a WRIC. 3. Schematic representation of a  middle infra-red dual-comb spectroscopy  .</p

Functional Capacity and Levels of Physical Activity in Aging: A 3-Year Follow-up

Over the last decades, the world elderly population has increased exponentially and this tendency will continue during the coming years; from 2000 to 2050, people over 60 will double and those over 80 will quadruple. Loss of independence occurs as people age due to mobility restrictions, frailty, and decreased functional fitness and cognitive abilities. Evidence has shown that appropriate programs and policies contribute to keep older adults healthy and independent over time. The purpose of this chapter is to report the results of our 3-year follow-up study designed to characterize functional physical fitness in a sample of Portuguese community-dwelling older adults to propose a set of functional parameters that decline the most. We studied a group of 43 elderly people, aged 60 and over. Variables assessed on the participants were anthropometric measurements, functional capacity with the Senior Fitness Test battery (muscle strength, aerobic endurance, flexibility, agility, and dynamic balance), handgrip strength, levels of physical activity, and balance. Three years after the first assessment, a second assessment of the same variables was conducted. We analyzed what were the variables that, for this group, were related with a healthier aging and the relation with different physical activity levels. Our study showed that the distance covered in 6-min walk test and handgrip strength seem to explain a great amount of variability on functional variables that have changed on this period (68% of balance, lower and upper functional strength, respectively) and the active participants showed less decrements with aging in anthropometric and functional variables than those inactive or insufficiently active (p &lt; 0.05). Greater importance should be given to prescription of exercise targeting older adults and, specifically, walking and manual activities should be given more attention as components of a community exercise program

Electronic Supplemental figures and tables_AJPENDO2023

This file provides a set of tables and figures supporting a publication on energy expenditure on people with type 1 diabetes.</p