9,964 research outputs found
Vacuum Cerenkov Radiation in Lorentz-Violating Theories Without CPT Violation
In theories with broken Lorentz symmetry, Cerenkov radiation may be possible
even in vacuum. We analyze the Cerenkov emissions that are associated with the
least constrained Lorentz-violating modifications of the photon sector,
calculating the threshold energy, the frequency spectrum, and the shape of the
Mach cone. In order to obtain sensible results for the total power emitted, we
must make use of information contained within the theory which indicates at
what scale new physics must enter.Comment: 9 page
Cerenkov Radiation in a Lorentz-Violating and Birefringent Vacuum
We calculate the emission spectrum for vacuum Cerenkov radiation in
Lorentz-violating extensions of electrodynamics. We develop an approach that
works equally well if the presence or the absence of birefringence. In addition
to confirming earlier work, we present the first calculation relevant to
Cerenkov radiation in the presence of a birefringent photon k_F term,
calculating the lower-energy part of the spectrum for that case.Comment: 17 pages, version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Renormalization of Scalar and Yukawa Field Theories with Lorentz Violation
We consider a theory of scalar and spinor fields, interacting through Yukawa
and phi^4 interactions, with Lorentz-violating operators included in the
Lagrangian. We compute the leading quantum corrections in this theory. The
renormalizability of the theory is explicitly shown up to one-loop order. In
the pure scalar sector, the calculations can be generalized to higher orders
and to include finite terms, because the theory can be solved in terms of its
Lorentz-invariant version.Comment: 30 page
Bounds on Spin-Dependent Lorentz Violation From Inverse Compton Observations
Some of the best bounds on possible Lorentz violation in the electron sector
come from observations of high-energy astrophysical phenomena. Using
measurements of TeV inverse Compton radiation from a number of sources, we
place the first bounds--at the 10^(-15) level--on seven of the electron d
coefficients.Comment: 10 page
Radiatively Induced Lorentz and Gauge Symmetry Violation in Electrodynamics with Varying alpha
A time-varying fine structure constant alpha(t) could give rise to Lorentz-
and CPT-violating changes to the vacuum polarization, which would affect photon
propagation. Such changes to the effective action can violate gauge invariance,
but they are otherwise permitted. However, in the minimal theory of varying
alpha, no such terms are generated at lowest order. At second order, vacuum
polarization can generate an instability--a Lorentz-violating analogue of a
negative photon mass squared -m^2 proportional to alpha [(d alpha/dt) /
alpha]^2 log (Lambda^2), where Lambda is the cutoff for the low-energy
effective theory.Comment: 14 page
Correction, improvement and model verification of CARE 3, version 3
An independent verification of the CARE 3 mathematical model and computer code was conducted and reported in NASA Contractor Report 166096, Review and Verification of CARE 3 Mathematical Model and Code: Interim Report. The study uncovered some implementation errors that were corrected and are reported in this document. The corrected CARE 3 program is called version 4. Thus the document, correction. improvement, and model verification of CARE 3, version 3 was written in April 1984. It is being published now as it has been determined to contain a more accurate representation of CARE 3 than the preceding document of April 1983. This edition supercedes NASA-CR-166122 entitled, 'Correction and Improvement of CARE 3,' version 3, April 1983
Lorentz Violation and Synchrotron Radiation
We consider the radiation emitted by an ultrarelativistic charged particle
moving in a magnetic field, in the presence of an additional Lorentz-violating
interaction. In contrast with prior work, we treat a form of Lorentz violation
that is represented by a renormalizable operator. Neglecting the radiative
reaction force, the particle's trajectory can be determined exactly. The
resulting orbit is generally noncircular and does not lie in the place
perpendicular to the magnetic field. We do not consider any Lorentz violation
in the electromagnetic sector, so the radiation from the accelerated charge can
be determined by standard means, and the radiation spectrum will exhibit a
Lorentz-violating directional dependence. Using data on emission from the Crab
nebula, we can set a bound on a particular combination of Lorentz-violating
coefficients at the level.Comment: 14 page
Velocity in Lorentz-Violating Fermion Theories
We consider the role of the velocity in Lorentz-violating fermionic quantum
theory, especially emphasizing the nonrelativistic regime. Information about
the velocity will be important for the kinematical analysis of scattering and
other problems. Working within the minimal standard model extension, we derive
new expressions for the velocity. We find that generic momentum and spin
eigenstates may not have well-defined velocities. We also demonstrate how
several different techniques may be used to shed light on different aspects of
the problem. A relativistic operator analysis allows us to study the behavior
of the Lorentz-violating Zitterbewegung. Alternatively, by studying the time
evolution of Gaussian wave packets, we find that there are Lorentz-violating
modifications to the wave packet spreading and the spin structure of the wave
function.Comment: 24 page
Biodiversity informatics: the challenge of linking data and the role of shared identifiers
A major challenge facing biodiversity informatics is integrating data stored in widely distributed databases. Initial efforts have relied on taxonomic names as the shared identifier linking records in different databases. However, taxonomic names have limitations as identifiers, being neither stable nor globally unique, and the pace of molecular taxonomic and phylogenetic research means that a lot of information in public sequence databases is not linked to formal taxonomic names. This review explores the use of other identifiers, such as specimen codes and GenBank accession numbers, to link otherwise disconnected facts in different databases. The structure of these links can also be exploited using the PageRank algorithm to rank the results of searches on biodiversity databases. The key to rich integration is a commitment to deploy and reuse globally unique, shared identifiers (such as DOIs and LSIDs), and the implementation of services that link those identifiers
HMMER web server: interactive sequence similarity searching
HMMER is a software suite for protein sequence similarity searches using probabilistic methods. Previously, HMMER has mainly been available only as a computationally intensive UNIX command-line tool, restricting its use. Recent advances in the software, HMMER3, have resulted in a 100-fold speed gain relative to previous versions. It is now feasible to make efficient profile hidden Markov model (profile HMM) searches via the web. A HMMER web server (http://hmmer.janelia.org) has been designed and implemented such that most protein database searches return within a few seconds. Methods are available for searching either a single protein sequence, multiple protein sequence alignment or profile HMM against a target sequence database, and for searching a protein sequence against Pfam. The web server is designed to cater to a range of different user expertise and accepts batch uploading of multiple queries at once. All search methods are also available as RESTful web services, thereby allowing them to be readily integrated as remotely executed tasks in locally scripted workflows. We have focused on minimizing search times and the ability to rapidly display tabular results, regardless of the number of matches found, developing graphical summaries of the search results to provide quick, intuitive appraisement of them
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