[Invited] A Study of Large Wind Shears Near the Mesopause

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断型セッション：[IM] 横断　中層大気・熱圏11月17日（火）　統計数理研究所 セミナー室2（D304

Electrocardiography in people living at high altitude of Nepal.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) of high-altitude populations in Nepal determined by an ECG recordings and a medical history. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional survey of cardiovascular disease and risk factors among people living at four different altitude levels, all above 2800 m, in the Mustang and Humla districts of Nepal. 12-lead ECGs were recorded on 485 participants. ECG recordings were categorised as definitely abnormal, borderline or normal. RESULTS: No participant had Q waves to suggest past Q-wave infarction. Overall, 5.6% (95% CI 3.7 to 8.0) of participants gave a self-report of CHD. The prevalence of abnormal (or borderline abnormal) ECG was 19.6% (95% CI 16.1 to 23.4). The main abnormalities were: right axis deviation in 5.4% (95% CI 3.5 to 7.7) and left ventricular hypertrophy by voltage criteria in 3.5% (95% CI 2.0 to 5.5). ECG abnormalities were mainly on the left side of the heart for Mustang participants (Tibetan origin) and on the right side for Humla participants (Indo-Aryans). There was a moderate association between the probability of abnormal (or borderline abnormal) ECG and altitude when adjusted for potential confounding variables in a multivariate logistic model; with an OR for association per 1000 m elevation of altitude of 2.83 (95% CI 1.07 to 7.45), p=0.03. CONCLUSIONS: Electrocardiographic evidence suggests that although high-altitude populations do not have a high prevalence of CHD, abnormal ECG findings increase by altitude and risk pattern varies by ethnicity

Medical And Physiological Considerations For A High-Altitude Mma Site

1. Introduction 2. Medical and Physiological Effects of High Altitude 2.1 Normal Response to Hypoxia 2.2 Acclimatization 2.3 Sleep 2.4 Exercise 2.5 Mental Ability 2.6 Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) 2.7 High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) 2.8 High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) 2.9 Common Conditions Aggravated by High Altitude 3. Oxygen Enrichment 3.1 Technical Aspects of Oxygen Enrichment 3.2 Portable Oxygen 3.3 Fire Hazard 4. An MMA High Altitude Scenario 5. Conclusions Acknowledgments References ABSTRACT At the 5000 m altitude of the proposed MMA site in Chile the partial pressure of oxygen of the inspired gas in the lung is only 53% of its sea-level value. The resulting hypoxia causes a number of medical and physiological effects which must be considered in the planning of the instrument. In this report some of the existing studies of these effects are reviewed in order to predict, where possible, their severity in the MMA situation. An operating scenario is proposed which makes t..

A New Tropospheric Delay Model For

GPS can play an important role in high-altitude vehicle positioning. In such GPS applications the residual tropospheric delay in GPS measurements is a major error source. Several strategies for estimating the residual zenith tropospheric delay have been described in the scientific literature. In general, such models incorporate the timevarying residual tropospheric errors within the stochastic models, which are then estimated using a Kalman filter. However, these methods have not considered the height difference between GPS receivers. In this paper, a new functional model for tropospheric delay is proposed. The error of the meteorological data measured at a ground reference site is estimated by Kalman filtering. Analytical results of a flight experiment indicate that the proposed model is indeed superior to the standard models. The new model can compensate for errors of meteorological data, and is feasible for use in precise positioning of high-altitude receiver platforms