The Impact of Surplus Sharing on The Stability of International Climate Agreements

This paper analyses stability of coalitions for greenhouse gas abatement for different sharing rules applied to the gains from co-operation. We use a 12-regions model designed to examine internal and external stability of coalitions (STACO). We compare different sharing rules like, for example, grandfathering (i.e. sharing proportional to emissions) and a number of so-called equitable rules like, for example, sharing proportional to population or according to historical responsibilities. Due to strong free-rider incentives we find only small stable coalitions for all sharing rules examined. As a general pattern we observe that coalitions consist of regions with low marginal abatement costs, which are attractive partners in any coalition, and regions which have the highest claims according to the respective sharing rule. Furthermore, we find that a grandfathering scheme leads to the largest and – in terms of greenhouse gas abatement – most successful coalition, while many of the equitable rules achieve very little.International environmental agreements, Sharing rules, Stability of coalitions

Los libros electrónicos establecidos por SUNAT y su incidencia en la reducción de la evasión tributaria en la empresa Corporación Yurack SRL, Chota, 2017

El presente trabajo de investigación titulada “Los Libros Electrónicos Establecidos por SUNAT y su Incidencia en la Reducción de la Evasión Tributaria en la Empresa Corporación YURACK SRL, Chota, 2017” tiene como objetivo general determinar la incidencia de la tributación para la mejora de las demás empresas similar ante señalada, para dicho estudio se realizó con una metodología de investigación descriptiva, usando una población de los trabajadores de la empresa y una muestra de las empresas relacionadas a la terminología de la empresa SRL. En cuanto a los resultados obtenidos durante la investigación obtendremos los más representativos como es el 76% del grado de aceptación del totalmente de acuerdo que la empresa tiene en la elaboración de los Libros Electrónicos establecidos por la SUNAT. Referente a la conclusión es que las empresas relacionadas al rubro se encuentran de acuerdo con la propuesta de este aporte realizado por el investigador

El carácter humanista de la ciudadanía humanista

Las calles, el lenguaje, los medios de comunicación, las redes sociales son algunos de los articuladores donde se plasman y consolidan los discursos de las ciudadanías de hoy. Una de estas prácticas es la de las mujeres reunidas en el colectivo Ni Una Menos, movimiento latinoamericano contra la violencia hacia las mujeres, cuyo accionar constituye un ejemplo de lo difícil que es la conquista de los derechos ciudadanos. En este breve texto se expondrán dos razones sobre las repercusiones y la trascendencia de este movimiento que –por lo que veremos– debería vincularnos a todos como sociedad

Climate Benefits Tenure Costs: The Economic Case for Securing Indigenous Land Rights in the Amazon

A new report offers evidence that the modest investments needed to secure land rights for indigenous communities will generate billions in returns—economically, socially and environmentally—for local communities and the world's changing climate. The report, Climate Benefits, Tenure Costs: The Economic Case for Securing Indigenous Land Rights, quantifies for the first time the economic value of securing land rights for the communities who live in and protect forests, with a focus on Colombia, Brazil, and Bolivia

The influence of political pressure groups on the stability of international environmental agreements

This paper examines the effects of political pressure groups (lobbies) on the emissions abatement decisions of countries and on the stability of international environmental agreements. We consider two types of lobbies, industry and environmentalists. We determine the influence of lobby-groups on the abatement decisions of countries. This influence affects members of an international environmental agreement as well as outsiders. However, in the case of agreement members, the effects of lobbying are not restricted to the lobby's host-country but spill over to other member countries and have ambiguous effects on the agreement stability

Climate Change and Tourism in Switzerland: a Survey on Impacts, Vulnerability and Possible Adaptation Measures

The tourism industry is particularly affected by climate change, being very climate- and weather- dependent. Moreover, particularly in the Alpine region, it is specially exposed to natural hazards. Nonetheless, this industry is an important pillar of the Swiss economy, providing employment and generating income. Then, it becomes essential to reduce its vulnerability and starting implementing adaptation measures. In order to do so, it is important to define which areas face which problems and to recognize vulnerability hot spots. This motivation comes from the prospect that the largest environmental, social and economic damages are likely to be concentrated in vulnerable areas. This article presents an overview of the current state of the knowledge on the impacts, the vulnerability and the possible adaptation measures of the tourism industry in relation to climate change. Moreover, it presents different methods that could help assessing this vulnerability, referring in particular to the Swiss situation. This is the first step toward the establishment of the vulnerability analysis and the consequent examination of possible adaptation measures