A EVOLUÇÃO DO SETOR DE SERVIÇOS DE PORTO ALEGRE: CONSIDERAÇÕES PERANTE A REGIÃO METROPOLITANA E AO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL NO PERÍODO 2000-2010

O recente processo de reestruturação das metrópoles tem evidenciado uma intensificação da dinâmica do setor terciário, a qual é acompanhada de uma desconcentração das atividades industriais dentro dos centros urbanos. Porto Alegre, sendo uma das bases produtivas do Estado, apresenta alterações profundas neste aspecto, resultando em questões que refletem novas necessidades com relação às políticas públicas e ao planejamento urbano perante as particularidades da região. O presente artigo intenta realizar uma análise de dados procurando esclarecer alguns aspectos sobre a evolução do setor de serviços da metrópole de Porto Alegre, comparando o seu desenvolvimento perante à sua Região Metropolitana (RMPA) e ao Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, para o período 2000-2010. Com isto procura-se estabelecer uma base para o estudo das atividades econômicas e funções presentes na capital gaúcha e suas implicações a estruturação do meio urbano

Urban-regional dynamics of street network resilience: the spatial outcomes of Genoa's and Bologna's bridge crashes

The configurational approach enables understanding the behaviour of road-network systems in the face of sudden physical disruptions. Previous studies show that Space Syntax analysis can assist in evaluating how urban systems respond to punctual network interruptions, both in the short and medium-term, and help managing associated risks. The events which followed the crash of the Polcevera bridge in Genoa and that of Bologna Borgo Panigale bridge in 2018 demonstrated in practice that localised urban network interruptions can propagate, affecting movement dynamics, well beyond the boundary of a city and compromise the functioning of the regional motorway network. However, representing the associated effects across the urban to the regional network levels remains a challenge due to computational limitations which constrain Space Syntax studies to use simplified networks in their analyses. This in turn causes discrepancies in cross-scale comparisons, as urban and regional road-morphologies are represented at different levels of detail. The paper studies the effects of the two dramatic events from a multi-scale configurational standpoint by comparatively analysing the through-movement patterns of the urban road-, the regional primary- and the regional motorway- circulation systems. The goal of this research is to discuss, using a real-world example as a benchmark for assessment, the viability of adopting the configurational approach to study failure propagation and gauge levels of street network resilience across spatial scales. The results of this study clarify the importance of weak ties for the resilience of road infrastructure systems and further demonstrate the homothetic behaviour of Normalised Betweenness Centrality measures

Twin-cities over the Messina Strait : a discussion on Reggio Calabria and Messina road-networks linkage

The idea of permanent connection and territorial integration between mainland Italy and Sicily across the Messina Strait dates to the 19th century. However, it was not until 1970’s that the area received the first planning regulations. Since then, proposed linkage projects remained limited to economic-based cost analysis and engineering-design feasibility evaluation. Due to the ever-unstable Italian political scenario, public interest on matter decreased in 1990’s and, by then, associated to incipient configurational models and data processing tools, it hindered any further analyses regarding urban agglomerates’ morphological changes deriving from this connection. Strait debates resurfaced in 2020-2021, as territorial integration is on the agenda of Italian economic recovery plans, an ideal scenario to revisit and study existent proposals, drawing from exploratory evaluations on urban morphology and twin-cities dynamics. This paper contributes to this discussion, through the analysis of different proposals for the Messina Strait linkage, using Space Syntax' Integration measures to assess configurational changes connections between the urban agglomerates of Messina and Reggio-Calabria; depicting tendencies for their urban dynamics transformation. Results and discussion contribute towards planning policies, while appointing the potentials to enhance a shared functional centrality for twin-cities

Twin-cities over the Messina Strait: a discussion on Reggio Calabria and Messina road-networks linkage

The idea of permanent connection and territorial integration between mainland Italy and Sicily across the Messina Strait dates to the 19th century. However, it was not until 1970’s that the area received the first planning regulations. Since then, proposed linkage projects remained limited to economic-based cost analysis and engineering-design feasibility evaluation. Due to the ever-unstable Italian political scenario, public interest on matter decreased in 1990’s and, by then, associated to incipient configurational models and data processing tools, it hindered any further analyses regarding urban agglomerates’ morphological changes deriving from this connection. Strait debates resurfaced in 2020-2021, as territorial integration is on the agenda of Italian economic recovery plans, an ideal scenario to revisit and study existent proposals, drawing from exploratory evaluations on urban morphology and twin-cities dynamics. This paper contributes to this discussion, through the analysis of different proposals for the Messina Strait linkage, using Space Syntax' Integration measures to assess configurational changes connections between the urban agglomerates of Messina and Reggio-Calabria; depicting tendencies for their urban dynamics transformation. Results and discussion contribute towards planning policies, while appointing the potentials to enhance a shared functional centrality for twin-cities

As dimensões econômicas e morfológicas da organização espacial da atividade industrial na RMPA : interfaces com o planejamento urbano e regional

A dissertação aborda as dimensões econômica e morfológica da organização espacial da atividade industrial na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre - RMPA, propondo interfaces entre a Ciência Econômica e o Planejamento Urbano e Regional. O objetivo da pesquisa consiste em identificar se e como as propriedades morfológicas das redes de circulação urbana e rodoviária são capazes de informar tendências em processos de organização espacial da atividade industrial em ambientes urbanos. Neste sentido, foi realizado um estudo de caso multidimensional e multiescalar a partir de cinco recortes espaciais de cinco municípios da RMPA – Alvorada, Cachoeirinha, Gravataí, Porto Alegre e Viamão – e seus complexos industriais, áreas contínuas de zoneamento funcional destinados à indústria. A hipótese é de que os potenciais de movimento e as probabilidades de fluxo, depreendidas por medidas de centralidade morfológicas e espaciais captam padrões locacionais e de organização espacial das atividades industriais. Isto é verificado a partir da correlação geoestatística entre análises configuracionais da rede de circulação urbana, apoiadas nas concepções teórico-metodológicas da sintaxe espacial, e as análises econômico-locacionais, da localização das estruturas industriais, fundamentadas nas teorias econômicas. Os resultados dispostos permitiram concluir que existem correlações estatísticas significativas entre a lógica de organização espacial da indústria em áreas urbanas e as propriedades morfológicas multiescalares da configuração espacial da rede de circulação urbana, indicando que hierarquias de centralidade morfológica, informando potenciais de movimento e probabilidades de fluxo na rede urbana de circulação, captam tendências do processo de organização produtiva.Dissertation addresses the economical and morphological dimensions of industrial activities spatial organization in the Porto Alegre’s Metropolitan Region – PAMR, proposing interfaces between Economic Science and Urban and Regional Planning. The research objective is to describe and analyse if and how the morphological properties of road and circulation urban networks are able to inform trends about the industrial activities spatial organization processes in urban areas. The empirical study multidimensional and multiscalar analyses encompasses PMAR’s five municipalities – Alvorada, Cachoeirinha, Gravataí, Porto Alegre and Viamão and their industrial complexes, continuous industrial-dedicated functional zones. The hypothesis is that movement potentials and flow probabilities informed by centralities´ hierarchies correlate to industry locational patterns and spatial organization. This is verified applying geostatistical correlations between road circulation networks spatial configuration measures, based on space syntax methodology; and locational analyses of industrial structures placement, based on economic theories. Results makes it possible to conclude that there are significant statistical correlations between industrial spatial organization logics in urban areas and multiscalar centrality measures for road circulation networks, indicating that the urban centralities hierarchies – and the network morphological properties – capture trends about this process

Homothetic Behavior of Betweenness Centralities: A Multiscale Alternative Approach to Relate Cities and Large Regional Structures

Regional configuration can reveal important aspects about city sustainability, as local-regional interactions shape the evolution and inner geography of urban settlements. However, modelling these large-scale structures remains a challenge, due to their sheer size as physical objects. Despite recent improvements in processing power and computing methods, extensive time periods are still required for ordinary microprocessors to model network centralities in road-graphs with high element counts, connectivity and topological depth. Generalization is often the chosen option to mitigate time-constraints of regional network complexity. Nevertheless, this can impact visual representation and model precision, especially when multiscale comparisons are desired. Tests using Normalized Angular Choice (NACH), a Space Syntax mathematical derivative of Betweenness Centrality, found recursive visual similitudes in centrality spatial distribution when modelling distinct scaled map sections of the same large regional network structure. Therefore, a sort of homothetic behavior is identified, since statistical analyses demonstrate that centrality values and distributions remain rather consistent throughout scales, even when considering edge effects. This paper summarizes these results and considers homotheties as an alternative to extensive network generalization. Hence, data maps can be constructed sooner and more accurately as “pieces of a puzzle”, since each individual lesser scale graph possesses a faster processing time

A Evolução do Setor De Serviços de Porto Alegre: Considerações Perante q Região Metropolitana e ao Estado do Rio Grande do Sul no Período 2000-2010

O recente processo de reestruturação das metrópoles tem evidenciado uma intensificação da dinâmica do setor terciário, a qual é acompanhada de uma desconcentração das atividades industriais dentro dos centros urbanos. Porto Alegre, sendo uma das bases produtivas do Estado, apresenta alterações profundas neste aspecto, resultando em questões que refletem novas necessidades com relação às políticas públicas e ao planejamento urbano perante as particularidades da região. O presente artigo intenta realizar uma análise de dados procurando esclarecer alguns aspectos sobre a evolução do setor de serviços da metrópole de Porto Alegre, comparando o seu desenvolvimento perante à sua Região Metropolitana (RMPA) e ao Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, para o período 2000-2010. Com isto procura-se estabelecer uma base para o estudo das atividades econômicas e funções presentes na capital gaúcha e suas implicações a estruturação do meio urbano

Spatial-economic models to evaluate industrial agglomerations: novel instruments for urban-regional analysis

Industrial agglomerates are considered as drivers of the urban development, which contribute to the spatial-economic structure of regional spaces. The reiterative process of industrial growth, even though desirable from a development standpoint, may also increase territorial disparities, as the asymmetrical development of certain areas can lead to pre-existent productive spaces’ underuse or abandonment. Numerous spatial and regional economics’ studies about industrial distribution and territorial disparities were so far conceived. Still, those are often based on dated spatial methodologies, that consider space as an abstracted background where economic dynamics take place. These approaches, which consider space as an invariant in their framework, leave unexplored several spatial relations between production, infrastructural networks and how those influence industrial agglomerates organization. Awareness of these limitations and issues that pertain the current approaches of Regional Economics – and Economic Geography, which share these issues – ought to conduce to the development of novel spatial-economic models capable to address complex spatial behaviours and interactions that may influence on territorial disparities within urban-regional settings. Nevertheless, this outbound step depends on a transformation on how economics visualize and understand space, as well as create and interpret spatial knowledge. With these points in consideration, this thesis proposes to address these lacunae, and develop novel spatial-economic models that consider the territorial configuration – both in spatial and in network terms – and that are adapted to evaluate these structural aspects of where industrial agglomerations are placed. Hence, it is crucial to establish the “spatial-economic microfoundations”, economic and territorial endowments that that can differentiate the amount of support given to these productive spaces. The thesis is then structured on two paths of analysis, the spatial analysis and the economic analysis that culminate in the development of the indexes od Spatial and Economic Territorial Exposure and the Spatial Attractiveness. Using those indexes and their composing parameters to model space, we aim to provide novel instruments and approaches to an economic-based urban and regional planning