134 research outputs found
Clinical Management in Diagnosis and Treatment of the Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adults: Systemic Review
This study aimed at exploring with a systematic review the clinical management in diagnosis and treatment of the iron deficiency anemia in adults, as the iron deficiency is the most frequent cause of anemia worldwide. And it impairs quality of life, increases asthenia and can lead to clinical worsening of patients. In addition, iron deficiency has a complex mechanism whose pathologic pathway is recently becoming better understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding diagnostic algorithms for iron deficiency anemia. The majority of aetiologies occur in the digestive tract, and justify morphological examination of the gut. First line investigations are upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy, and when negative, the small bowel should be explored; newer tools such as video capsule endoscopy have also been developed. The treatment of iron deficiency is aetiological if possible and iron supplementation whether in oral or in parenteral form.
The radiative width of the Hoyle state from -ray spectroscopy
The cascading 3.21 MeV and 4.44 MeV electric quadrupole transitions have been
observed from the Hoyle state at 7.65 MeV excitation energy in C,
excited by the C(p,p) reaction at 10.7 MeV proton energy.
From the proton-- triple coincidence data, a value of
was obtained for the
radiative branching ratio. Using our results, together with
from Eriksen et al., Phys. Rev. C 102, 024320
and the currently adopted values, the radiative width of the
Hoyle state is determined as eV. This
value is about 34% higher than the currently adopted value and will impact on
models of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Effects of Artificial Light Spectra and Sucrose on the Leaf Pigments, Growth, and Rooting of Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) Microshoots
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are potential light sources for in vitro plant cultures. Here, axillary blackberry shoots were grown in MS medium with indole-3-butyric acid (1 mg L−1), naphthalene acetic acid (0.5 mg L−1), and sucrose supplementation (0–60 g L−1) and the cultures were incubated under four light treatments: three LED light treatments (blue + red light (2:1 spectral ratio), blue + red light (1:2), and cool + warm white light (1:1)) and a standard florescent tube white spectrum treatment. Sucrose was indispensable for rooting of blackberry microshoots. Sucrose concentrations up to 45 g L−1 increased total root length and root surface area under all light treatments. However, at this sucrose concentration, leaf area and vegetative growth were negatively affected. Plantlets grown in media containing 15–30 g L−1 of sucrose exhibited the highest leaf pigments, shoot length, and number of leaves. LED treatments increased leaf pigments as compared with florescent treatment. Plantlets grown under blue + red light (2:1) had the highest stoma aperture length and width, whereas cool + warm white light resulted in the lowest values. Among the LED treatments, blue + red light (2:1) resulted in the highest leaf area, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and vegetative growth, whereas fluorescent resulted in the lowest values. A combination of blue and red light at a 2:1 spectral ratio with 30 g L−1 of sucrose is recommended for the optimal in vitro rooting and vegetative growth of blackberry microshoots
Identification of Significant \u3cem\u3eE\u3c/em\u3e0 Strength in the 2\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e → 2\u3csub\u3e1\u3c/sub\u3e\u3csup\u3e+\u3c/sup\u3e Transitions of \u3csup\u3e58,60,62\u3c/sup\u3eNi
The E0 transition strength in the 22+ → 21+ transitions of 58,60,62Ni have been determined for the first time following a series of measurements at the Australian National University (ANU) and the University of Kentucky (UK). The CAESAR Compton-suppressed HPGe array and the Super-e solenoid at ANU were used to measure the δ(E2/M1) mixing ratio and internal conversion coefficient of each transition following inelastic proton scattering. Level half-lives, δ(E2/M1) mixing ratios and γ-ray branching ratios were measured at UK following inelastic neutron scattering. The new spectroscopic information was used to determine the E0 strengths. These are the first 2+ → 2+ E0 transition strengths measured in nuclei with spherical ground states and the E0 component is found to be unexpectedly large; in fact, these are amongst the largest E0 transition strengths in medium and heavy nuclei reported to date
Identification of significant strength in the transitions of Ni
The transition strength in the transitions of
Ni have been determined for the first time following a series of
measurements at the Australian National University (ANU) and the University of
Kentucky (UK). The CAESAR Compton-suppressed HPGe array and the Super-e
solenoid at ANU were used to measure the mixing ratio and
internal conversion coefficient of each transition following inelastic proton
scattering. Level half-lives, mixing ratios and -ray
branching ratios were measured at UK following inelastic neutron scattering.
The new spectroscopic information was used to determine the strengths.
These are the first transition strengths measured in
nuclei with spherical ground states and the component is found to be
unexpectedly large; in fact, these are amongst the largest transition
strengths in medium and heavy nuclei reported to date
Skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of class II malocclusion treatment using bi-maxillary skeletal anchorage: a systematic review
Background: The goal of this systematic review was to assess the available evidence regarding the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of bi-maxillary skeletal anchorage devices (BMSADs) used in treating growing class II malocclusion patients. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane, and LILACS up to November 2021, which was augmented by a manual search. The studies included were clinical trials (RCTs) and/or follow-up observational studies (retrospective and prospective). The outcomes of interest were the skeletal, dentoalveolar, and occlusal treatment-induced changes obtained from pre- and post-cephalometric measurements. The risks of bias of the included studies were assessed using an assessment tool from previous publications. Results: Out of 742 screened articles, only 4 were eligible and thus included in the qualitative synthesis. They showed a moderate overall risk of bias. The results are presented as mean changes in both the study and control groups. All studies reported retrusion of the maxillary base and advancement of the mandible (meaning reduced ANB angle). Three of the included studies reported an increase in the vertical jaw relation, which was contrary to what the fourth study reported. Three studies reported an increase in the maxillary incisors’ inclination or position, while one study reported their retroclination. Proclination of the mandibular incisors happened in two studies, whereas the other two studies reported retroclination. The overjet was reduced in all included studies. Conclusion: Apart from the protrusive effects on the mandible, retrusive effects on the maxilla, and the consequent reduction of the overjet, BMSADs results in inconsistent skeletal and dentoalveolar effects. However, the current evidence is limited due to the variability in the biomechanics of the intermaxillary components, type of anchorage, and comparable groups in the included studies. Further RCTs with more standardized methodologies are highly encouraged. Clinical relevance: BMSADs (using miniscrews or miniplates on both jaws) induces more skeletal than dentoalveolar effects. However, this must be practiced with caution, based on the benefit to risk (surgical insertion) ratio, and the limited evidence available in hand so far. Registration The protocol for this systematic review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, No.: CRD42020199601)
Improved precision on the experimental E0 decay branching ratio of the Hoyle state
Stellar carbon synthesis occurs exclusively via the process, in
which three particles fuse to form C in the excited Hoyle
state, followed by electromagnetic decay to the ground state. The Hoyle state
is above the threshold, and the rate of stellar carbon production
depends on the radiative width of this state. The radiative width cannot be
measured directly, and must instead be deduced by combining three separately
measured quantities. One of these quantities is the decay branching ratio
of the Hoyle state, and the current \% uncertainty on the radiative width
stems mainly from the uncertainty on this ratio. The branching ratio was
deduced from a series of pair conversion measurements of the and
transitions depopulating the Hoyle state and state in C,
respectively. The excited states were populated by the C
reaction at 10.5 MeV beam energy, and the pairs were detected with the
electron-positron pair spectrometer, Super-e, at the Australian National
University. The deduced branching ratio required knowledge of the proton
population of the two states, as well as the alignment of the state in
the reaction. For this purpose, proton scattering and -ray angular
distribution experiments were also performed. An branching ratio of
was deduced in the current work,
and an adopted value of is
recommended based on a weighted average of previous literature values and the
new result. The new recommended value for the branching ratio is about 14%
larger than the previous adopted value of
, while the uncertainty has been
reduced from 9% to 5%.Comment: Accepted for publication as a Regular Article in Phys. Rev. C on July
29 202
Synthesis of novel Fe3O4 nanostructures surrounded by Ti-MOF nanostructures as bioactive and efficient catalysts in three-component synthesis of new pyrazole derivatives
Synthesis and reporting of new nanoparticles with diverse properties is important in chemistry. A one-step, rapid and controllable synthesis of the new Fe3O4 surrounded in Ti-MOF nanostructures was carried out with microwave technology. After identifying and confirming the structure, Fe3O4 surrounded in Ti-MOF nanostructures was used as a suitable catalyst with high thermal resistance and recyclable in a three-component reaction of phenylhydrazine, malononitrile and aldehyde to synthesis novel pyrazole derivatives. Continuing investigations on Fe3O4 surrounded in Ti-MOF nanostructures, its antimicrobial properties were tested on Gram-positive bacterial species, Gram-negative bacterial species and fungi bacterial. Identification of Fe3O4 surrounded in Ti-MOF nanostructures with morphology and size distribution technique (SEM), surface area technique (BET), Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX/EDX mapping), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) were performed. Synthesized pyrazole derivatives with Fe3O4 surrounded in Ti-MOF nanostructures than previously reported methods have less synthesis time and high efficiency. In antimicrobial properties high effects were observed based on MIC, MBC, and MFC values
E0 transition strength in stable Ni isotopes
Excited states in 58,60,62Ni were populated via inelastic proton scattering at the Australian National University as well as via inelastic neutron scattering at the University of Kentucky Accelerator Laboratory. The Super-e electron spectrometer and the CAESAR Compton-suppressed HPGe array were used in complementary experiments to measure conversion coefficients and δ(E2/M1) mixing ratios, respectively, for a number of 2+→2+ transitions. The data obtained were combined with lifetimes and branching ratios to determine E0,M1, and E2 transition strengths between 2+ states. The E0 transition strengths between 0+ states were measured using internal conversion electron spectroscopy and compare well to previous results from internal pair formation spectroscopy. The E0transition strengths between the lowest-lying 2+ states were found to be consistently large for the isotopes studied
An overview of the public health challenges in diagnosing and controlling human foodborne pathogens
Pathogens found in food are believed to be the leading cause of foodborne illnesses; and they are considered a serious problem with global ramifications. During the last few decades, a lot of attention has been paid to determining the microorganisms that cause foodborne illnesses and developing new methods to identify them. Foodborne pathogen identification technologies have evolved rapidly over the last few decades, with the newer technologies focusing on immunoassays, genome-wide approaches, biosensors, and mass spectrometry as the primary methods of identification. Bacteriophages (phages), probiotics and prebiotics were known to have the ability to combat bacterial diseases since the turn of the 20th century. A primary focus of phage use was the development of medical therapies; however, its use quickly expanded to other applications in biotechnology and industry. A similar argument can be made with regards to the food safety industry, as diseases directly endanger the health of customers. Recently, a lot of attention has been paid to bacteriophages, probiotics and prebiotics most likely due to the exhaustion of traditional antibiotics. Reviewing a variety of current quick identification techniques is the purpose of this study. Using these techniques, we are able to quickly identify foodborne pathogenic bacteria, which forms the basis for future research advances. A review of recent studies on the use of phages, probiotics and prebiotics as a means of combating significant foodborne diseases is also presented. Furthermore, we discussed the advantages of using phages as well as the challenges they face, especially given their prevalent application in food safety
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