Synthesis and characterization of novel denosumab/magnesium-based metal organic frameworks nanocomposite prepared by ultrasonic route as drug delivery system for the treatment of osteoporosis

Introduction: The metal-organic frameworks (MOF) have shown fascinating possibilities in biomedical applications, and designing a drug delivery system (DDS) based on the MOF is important. This work aimed at developing a suitable DDS based on Denosumab-loaded Metal Organic Framework/Magnesium (DSB@MOF (Mg)) for attenuating osteoarthritis.Materials and Methods: The MOF (Mg) (Mg3(BPT)2(H2O)4) was synthesized using a sonochemical protocol. The efficiency of MOF (Mg) as a DDS was evaluated by loading and releasing DSB as a drug. In addition, the performance of MOF (Mg) was evaluated by releasing Mg ions for bone formation. The MOF (Mg) and DSB@MOF (Mg) cytotoxicity towards the MG63 cells were explored by MTT assay.Results: MOF (Mg) characterized by using XRD, SEM, EDX, TGA, and BET. Drug loading, and releasing experiments proved that DSB was loaded on the MOF (Mg) and approximately 72% DSB was released from it after 8 h. The characterization techniques showed that MOF (Mg) was successfully synthesized with good crystal structure and thermal stability. The result of BET showed that MOF (Mg) had high surface areas and pore volume. This is the reason why its 25.73% DSB was loaded in the subsequent drug-loading experiment. Drug release and ion release experiments indicated DSB@MOF (Mg) had a good controlled release of DSB and Mg ions in solution. Cytotoxicity assay confirmed that the optimum dose of it had excellent biocompatibility and could stimulate the proliferation of MG63 cells as time went on.Conclusion: Due to the high loading amount of DSB and releasing time, DSB@MOF (Mg) can be promising as a suitable candidate for relieving bone pain caused by osteoporosis, with ossification-reinforcing functions

Hydrogel assistant synthesis of new Ti-MOF cross-linked oxidized pectin and chitosan with anti-breast cancer properties

Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases of the modern age. Although many methods for its treatment have been reported so far, the report and synthesis of new compounds based on new technologies, especially nanotechnology, is important. One of the laboratory methods for evaluating the anticancer properties of compounds is the in vitro MTT method (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide). In this study, the in vitro anti-breast cancer activity of the newly synthesized (Titanium Metal-Organic Framework) Ti-MOF cross-linked oxidized pectin and chitosan hydrogel, which uses biopolymers in its synthesis and structure, was investigated. The anticancer activity results showed that the synthetic nanopolymer had cell proliferation and viability of 27% more than the control and (the half maximal inhibitory concentration) IC50 of 111 μg/mL against breast cancer cells. Before the anticancer evaluation, the structure of the synthesized Ti-MOF cross-linked oxidized pectin, and chitosan hydrogel was confirmed by (X-Ray Diffraction) XRD pattern (Fourier Transform Infrared) FT-IR spectrum (Energy-dispersive X-ray) EDAX spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm and (Scanning Electron Microscope) Scanning Electron Microscope images. The results of identification and characterization showed that the synthetic nanopolymer was in the range of nanoparticles. The peaks of the expected functional groups and reactant elements were observed in the FT-IR spectrum and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the final product. High physicochemical capabilities such as the uniform morphology, crystallization of particles, and high specific surface area from synthesized Ti-MOF cross-linked oxidized pectin, and chitosan hydrogel were observed. The unique properties of the synthesized Ti-MOF cross-linked oxidized pectin and chitosan hydrogel can be attributed to the appropriate method of its synthesis that was carried out in this study

RETRACTED: In vitro BSA-binding, antimicrobial, and antitumor activity against human cancer cell lines of two lanthanide (III) complexes

The investigation involved examining the binding of two lanthanide complexes, specifically those containing Holmium (Ho) and Dysprosium (Dy), with a ligand called 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The evaluation was carried out utilizing fluorescence measurements, Förster theory, and docking studies. The findings indicated that both the Ho-complex and Dy-complex possessed a significant ability to quench the emission of the protein. Furthermore, the primary mechanism of interaction was identified as a static process. The Kb values indicate a strong tendency of these complexes for binding with BSA. The Kb values show the strangely high affinity of BSA to complexes and the following order for binding affinity: Ho-complex > Dy-complex. The thermodynamic parameters were found to be negative, affirming that the main forces driving the interaction between BSA and the lanthanide complexes are van der Waals engagement and hydrogen bonds. Additionally, the investigation included the examination of competition site markers, and molecular docking proposed that the engagement sites of the Ho-complex and Dy-complex with BSA were predominantly located in site 3 (specifically, subdomain IB). Moreover, the Ho-complex and Dy-complex were specifically chosen for their potential anticancer and antimicrobial properties. Consequently, these complexes could present promising prospects as novel candidates for anti-tumor and antibacterial applications

Trends in genitourinary cancer mortality in the United States: analysis of the CDC-WONDER database 1999–2020

IntroductionSociodemographic disparities in genitourinary cancer-related mortality have been insufficiently studied, particularly across multiple cancer types. This study aimed to investigate gender, racial, and geographic disparities in mortality rates for the most common genitourinary cancers in the United States.MethodsMortality data for prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancers were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WONDER database between 1999 and 2020. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were analyzed by year, gender, race, urban–rural status, and geographic region using a significance level of p < 0.05.ResultsOverall, AAMRs for prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer declined significantly, while testicular cancer-related mortality remained stable. Bladder and kidney cancer AAMRs were 3–4 times higher in males than females. Prostate cancer mortality was highest in black individuals/African Americans and began increasing after 2015. Bladder cancer mortality decreased significantly in White individuals, Black individuals, African Americans, and Asians/Pacific Islanders but remained stable in American Indian/Alaska Natives. Kidney cancer-related mortality was highest in White individuals but declined significantly in other races. Testicular cancer mortality increased significantly in White individuals but remained stable in Black individuals and African Americans. Genitourinary cancer mortality decreased in metropolitan areas but either increased (bladder and testicular cancer) or remained stable (kidney cancer) in non-metropolitan areas. Prostate and kidney cancer mortality was highest in the Midwest, bladder cancer in the South, and testicular cancer in the West.DiscussionSignificant sociodemographic disparities exist in the mortality trends of genitourinary cancers in the United States. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and further research to address these disparities and improve outcomes for all populations affected by genitourinary cancers

Vibration analysis of size dependent micro FML cylindrical shell reinforced by CNTs based on modified couple stress theory

In this manuscript, the sequel of agglomeration on the vibration of fiber metal laminated (FML) cylindrical shell in the micro phase using developed couple stress theory (MCST). Hamilton’s principle has been carried out for deriving the non-classical equations of motion of size dependent thin micro cylindrical shell on the basis of Love’s first approximation theory. Mori Tanaka and extended rule of mixture are utilized to estimate the mechanical attributes of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and equivalent fiber, respectively. These four phases CNTs/fiber/polymer/metal laminated (CNTFPML) micro cylindrical shell is analyzed applying beam modal function model for several boundary limitations. Then, an investigation is performed to study the impacts of differing input parameters namely material length scale parameter, agglomeration, the distributions of agglomerated CNTs, the mass fraction of equivalent fiber and the volume fraction of CNTs on the frequency response of micro agglomerated CNTFPML cylindrical shell. The main output illustrated that the growth of frequencies is directly dependent to the increase of material length scale parameter for this agglomerated CNTFPML cylindrical shell so that through increasing the values of agglomeration parameters g and l and material length scale parameter l altogether, the frequencies of this cylindrical shell gro

Scientific landscape of oxidative stress in male reproductive research: A scientometric study

Unraveling the role of reactive oxygen species and associated oxidative stress (OS) in male reproduction is one of the key areas of male reproductive research. This article illustrates the scientific landscape of OS in male reproductive research over the past several decades (1941–2018) using a scientometric approach. Scientometric data (articles per year, authors, affiliations, journals, and countries) on OS related to male reproduction were retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed for each decade. Our analysis revealed an increasing trend in OS-based male reproductive research from 1941 to 2018 with a steep raise in publications and research collaborations starting from the period 1991–2000 (R2 = 0.81). Semen abnormalities and varicocele were the major areas investigated in relation to OS with the highest positive trend in publications from the time interval 1981–1990 to 2011–2018. Analysis of publications based on OS assessment techniques revealed chemiluminescence (n = 180) and evaluation of antioxidants (n = 300) as the most widely used direct and indirect tests, respectively

Shock wave lithotripsy in patients requiring anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) remains the only truly minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of upper tract nephrolithiasis. Recently, there has been a recent rise in the patients on antiplatelet agents. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to review the literature available regarding SWL in these high-risk patients requiring anti-coagulation therapy. Alternative therapies to SWL are also presented

Epidemiology of varicocele

Varicocele is a common problem in reproductive medicine practice. A varicocele is identified in 15% of healthy men and up to 35% of men with primary infertility. The exact pathophysiology of varicoceles is not very well understood, especially regarding its effect on male infertility. We have conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating the epidemiology of varicocele in the general population and in men presenting with infertility. In this article, we have identified some of the factors that can influence the epidemiological aspects of varicoceles. We also recognize that varicocele epidemiology remains incompletely understood, and there is a need for well-designed, large-scale studies to fully define the epidemiological aspects of this condition

Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Knowledge and Attitudes of Medical and Dental Students and Fresh Graduates from Saudi Arabia

This study aimed to assess the knowledge level and attitudes of graduating Saudi medical and dental students and fresh graduates from those faculties about pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and the relation of their knowledge level to sociodemographic variables. In this cross-sectional study, 722 graduating students and fresh graduates were requested to answer a questionnaire pretested for validity and reliability. The data were analyzed statistically. Results revealed that medical participants scored 15.45 (out of 22), with 38% of them showing good knowledge about pediatric OSA, while dental participants scored 14.59, with 25.2% of them showing good knowledge. By regression analysis, medical participants (odds ratio (OR): 1.529) were more likely to have good knowledge than dental participants, while participants who belonged to institutions located in the central region (OR: 0.546) were less likely to have good knowledge than those from southern region institutions. In addition, participants from public institutions (OR: 0.290) were less likely to have good knowledge than those from private institutions. Regarding attitudes, medical participants scored 14.13 (out of 20), and dental participants scored 14.64. We detected a significant positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores of dental participants. Given these findings, the knowledge level of graduating Saudi medical and dental students and fresh graduates about pediatric OSA was not optimal. The college type, institution sector, and location in the kingdom were factors associated with good knowledge. There is a need for further education and training about pediatric OSA in the undergraduate Saudi medical and dental curricula and continuing professional development programs about the topic after graduation