Cod 3M Projections: risk estimation and inputs

The last full assessment for the 3M Cod in the NAFO Scientific Council was carried out in June 2015, giving an advice for two years. Some problems concerning the NAFO 3M cod projections were identified during the 2015 Annual Meeting. Trying to solve these issues, a Workshop was organized by the EU in March 2017. An issue raised by the Fisheries Commission in 2015 is that the risk of exceeding Flim for some of the projection scenarios presented in the assessment was difficult to interpret in light of the overlap in credible intervals of the yields of the various options. To solve this issue, the authors developed a new projection method to perform the 3M cod projections and compute risk, projecting a single catch value instead of a distribution of catches. One of the problems raised by the Scientific Council is how to estimate the inputs to be used in the projections due to the rapid changes in the biology of this stock, especially from 2007. Normally the last three years mean is used as input for these parameters. The changes in the biological parameters cause problems in the projections results as the inputs used for the projected years usually are overestimated, leading to an overestimation of the SSB and the associated TAC for a given F. To solve this issue, the authors suggest using just the last year inputs in the projections. An attempt to add uncertainty in the last year inputs was made, examining the interannual changes observed in past years in the inputs and taking into consideration the correlation between them. The uncertainty and the risk in the results increases considerably and it was suggested to study deeply this method before its implementation. The authors conclude that caution should be exercised concerning the results of the projections for this stock. If uncertainty in the projection inputs is implemented, advice for more than one year will not be accurate due to the issues identified.Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME)Versión del edito

NAFO Cod 3M Workshop Current Assessment and Projection Uncertainties

On behalf of the Specific Contract No. 03 (SC03) Support to a robust model assessment, benchmark and development of a management strategy evaluation for cod in NAFO Division 3M under the Framework Contract EASME/EMFF/2016/008 Provision of Scientific Advice for Fisheries beyond EU Waters, the NAFO 3M cod assessment Workshop was held at the Instituto Español de Oceanografia (IEO), Vigo-Beiramar, Spain, during 21st-23rd March 2017. With the inclusion of the following three new points the provisional agenda (ToRs for Task 1 of SC03) was approved (Annex 1): Presentation of the Specific Contract No. 03 (SC03) Support to a robust model assessment, benchmark and development of a management strategy evaluation for cod in NAFO Division 3M. Proposals to be submitted to the 2017 June NAFO Scientific Council (SC) meeting. Recommendations from this Workshop on matters that need to be deeper studied during the benchmark process.The Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME

Impact of Carcinogenic Chromium on the Cellular Response to Proteotoxic Stress

Worldwide, several million workers are employed in the various chromium (Cr) industries. These workers may suffer from a variety of adverse health effects produced by dusts, mists and fumes containing Cr in the hexavalent oxidation state, Cr(VI). Of major importance, occupational exposure to Cr(VI) compounds has been firmly associated with the development of lung cancer. Counterintuitively, Cr(VI) is mostly unreactive towards most biomolecules, including nucleic acids. However, its intracellular reduction produces several species that react extensively with biomolecules. The diversity and chemical versatility of these species add great complexity to the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying Cr(VI) toxicity and carcinogenicity. As a consequence, these mechanisms are still poorly understood, in spite of intensive research efforts. Here, we discuss the impact of Cr(VI) on the stress response-an intricate cellular system against proteotoxic stress which is increasingly viewed as playing a critical role in carcinogenesis. This discussion is preceded by information regarding applications, chemical properties and adverse health effects of Cr(VI). A summary of our current understanding of cancer initiation, promotion and progression is also provided, followed by a brief description of the stress response and its links to cancer and by an overview of potential molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI) carcinogenicity

Intermediary metabolism: An intricate network at the crossroads of cell fate and function

Intermediary metabolism is traditionally viewed as the large, highly integrated network of reactions that provides cells with metabolic energy, reducing power and biosynthetic intermediates. The elucidation of its major pathways and molecular mechanisms of energy transduction occupied some of the brightest scientific minds for almost two centuries. When these goals were achieved, a sense that intermediary metabolism was mostly a solved problem pervaded the broader biochemical community, and the field lost its vitality. However, intermediary metabolism has recently been re-energized by several paradigm-shifting discoveries that challenged its perception as a self-contained system and re-positioned it at the crossroads of all aspects of cell function, from cell growth, proliferation and death to epigenetics and immunity. Emphasis is now increasingly placed on the involvement of metabolic dysfunction in human disease. In this review, we will navigate from the dawn of intermediary metabolism research to present day work on this ever-expanding field.Associação de Apoio ao Centro de Investigação em Meio Ambiente, Genética e Oncobiologia (ACIMAGO, grant 16/12). L.M.R.F. is the Jeffrey G. Klein Family Diabetes Fellow at the University of California, San Francisco. A.M.L. was supported by an NIH T32 Training Grant (CA009302-40).D31F-2F85-32BE | Margarida Conceição Moreira Sobralinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio