2,817 research outputs found

    La recepción de la encíclica Humanae vitae en el ámbito católico de los Países Bajos

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    Hemos investigado la recepción de la encíclica Humanae vitae, y el efecto que tuvo su publicación –en julio de 1968– sobre el modo de ver la regulación de la natalidad y la anticoncepción en el ámbito católico de los Países Bajos. Fundamentalmente hemos estudiado –y encuadrado en su marco histórico– los pronunciamientos del episcopado holandés y las publicaciones de cuatro teólogos prominentes: Edward Schillebeeckx, Theo Beemer, Willem van der Marck y Paul Sporken. Hasta aproximadamente 1960, la doctrina vigente del magisterio católico sobre la regulación de la natalidad y la anticoncepción era asentida por todos los obispos y por la casi totalidad de los teólogos y demás fieles católicos. En poco tiempo, y especialmente a partir de 1963, la anticoncepción pasó a ser tolerada o incluso legitimada por algunos obispos y muchos sacerdotes, y practicada por numerosos católicos. Humanae vitae no fue rechazada por los obispos, aunque su reacción fue tan fría y distante, y rodeada de tantas reservas, que fue vista como legitimación de la práctica anticonceptiva que ya se había difundido. La encíclica sí fue, sin embargo, rechazada en cuanto tal por la gran mayoría de los teólogos –incluyendo Schillebeeckx, Beemer y Sporken–, que la consideraron únicamente como una más entre las muchas publicaciones de expertos sobre el tema. De la mayoría de los obispos nombrados tras 1970 –incluyendo los actuales– sí se puede afirmar que transmitieron fielmente la doctrina de la encíclica, y lo siguen haciendo cada vez con mayor empeño.This thesis studies the reception of the encyclical Humanae vitae, and the effect of its publication in July 1968 on the views regarding birth control and contraception in Catholic circles in the Netherlands. The study investigated and placed in their historical context the statements of the Dutch bishops and the publications of four leading theologians: Edward Schillebeeckx, Theo Beemer, Willem van der Marck and Paul Sporken. Up until around 1960, Catholic teaching on birth control and contraception was endorsed by all bishops and nearly all theologians and other Catholic faithful in the Netherlands. But within a short period of time, especially from 1963 onwards, contraception began to be tolerated or even defended by some bishops and many priests, and practiced by numerous Catholics. Humanae vitae was not rejected by the bishops; nevertheless, their reaction was so lukewarm and distant, and contained so many reservations, that it was considered to be a tacit approval of the contraceptive practices that were already widespread. In addition, the Encyclical was rejected outright as such by most theologians, including Schillebeeckx, Beemer and Sporken; they treated it as simply one more publication among the many produced by experts in the field. The majority of the Dutch bishops appointed after 1970 (including those active at present) can be said to have transmitted faithfully the doctrine of the Encyclical, and they continue to make ever greater efforts to do so

    A system of three transiting super-Earths in a cool dwarf star

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    We present the detection of three super-Earths transiting the cool star LP415-17, monitored by K2 mission in its 13th campaign. High resolution spectra obtained with HARPS-N/TNG showed that the star is a mid-late K dwarf. Using spectral synthesis models we infer its effective temperature, surface gravity and metallicity and subse- quently determined from evolutionary models a stellar radius of 0.58 R Sun. The planets have radii of 1.8, 2.6 and 1.9 R Earth and orbital periods of 6.34, 13.85 and 40.72 days. High resolution images discard any significant contamination by an intervening star in the line of sight. The orbit of the furthest planet has radius of 0.18 AU, close to the inner edge of the habitable zone. The system is suitable to improve our understanding of formation and dynamical evolution of super-Earth systems in the rocky - gaseous threshold, their atmospheres, internal structure, composition and interactions with host stars.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letter
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