Analysis of the Machining Process of Titanium Ti6Al-4V Parts Manufactured by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)

In the current days, the new range of machine tools allows the production of titanium alloy parts for the aeronautical sector through additive technologies. The quality of the materials produced is being studied extensively by the research community. This new manufacturing paradigm also opens important challenges such as the definition and analysis of the optimal strategies for finishing-oriented machining in this type of part. Researchers in both materials and manufacturing processes are making numerous advances in this field. This article discusses the analysis of the production and subsequent machining in the quality of TI6Al4V produced by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), more specifically Plasma Arc Welding (PAW). The promising results observed make it a viable alternative to traditional manufacturing methods.This research was funded by the vice-counseling of technology, innovation and competitiveness of the Basque Government grant agreement kk-2019/00004 (PROCODA project)

Towards Smarter Management of Overtourism in Historic Centres Through Visitor-Flow Monitoring

Historic centres are highly regarded destinations for watching and even participating in diverse and unique forms of cultural expression. Cultural tourism, according to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), is an important and consolidated tourism sector and its strong growth is expected to continue over the coming years. Tourism, the much dreamt of redeemer for historic centres, also represents one of the main threats to heritage conservation: visitors can dynamize an economy, yet the rapid growth of tourism often has negative effects on both built heritage and the lives of local inhabitants. Knowledge of occupancy levels and flows of visiting tourists is key to the efficient management of tourism; the new technologies—the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and geographic information systems (GIS)—when combined in interconnected networks represent a qualitative leap forward, compared to traditional methods of estimating locations and flows. A methodology is described in this paper for the management of tourism flows that is designed to promote sustainable tourism in historic centres through intelligent support mechanisms. As part of the Smart Heritage City (SHCITY) project, a collection system for visitors is developed. Following data collection via monitoring equipment, the analysis of a set of quantitative indicators yields information that can then be used to analyse visitor flows; enabling city managers to make management decisions when the tourism-carrying capacity is exceeded and gives way to overtourism.Funded by the Interreg Sudoe Programme of the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF

Analysis of the Machining Process of Inconel 718 Parts Manufactured by Laser Metal Deposition

Laser metal deposition (LMD) is an additive manufacturing process that allows the manufacturing of near-net-shape products. This could mean significant savings in terms of materials and costs in the manufacturing of high-performance components for the aeronautical industry. In this work, an analysis of how the LMD processing of alloy 718 affects the final machining has been carried out. For this purpose, a comparative study has been done by means of the monitoring of the end milling process of a part manufactured by LMD and a rough-milled part from forged material. Differences between process outputs such as chip morphology and cutting forces were studied. Material characteristics such as microstructure, hardness and mechanical properties were also analyzed.This research was funded by European Commission grant number 723440 (PARADDISE project), which is an initiative of the Photonics and Factories of the Future Public Private Partnership, and by the Vice-Counselor of Technology, Innovation and Competitiveness of the Basque Government grant number KK-2018/00115 (ADDISEND project) and grant number KK-2019/00004 (PROCODA project)

Deep Neural Networks for ECG-Based Pulse Detection during Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

The automatic detection of pulse during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is necessary for the early recognition of the arrest and the detection of return of spontaneous circulation (end of the arrest). The only signal available in every single defibrillator and valid for the detection of pulse is the electrocardiogram (ECG). In this study we propose two deep neural network (DNN) architectures to detect pulse using short ECG segments (5 s), i.e., to classify the rhythm into pulseless electrical activity (PEA) or pulse-generating rhythm (PR). A total of 3914 5-s ECG segments, 2372 PR and 1542 PEA, were extracted from 279 OHCA episodes. Data were partitioned patient-wise into training (80%) and test (20%) sets. The first DNN architecture was a fully convolutional neural network, and the second architecture added a recurrent layer to learn temporal dependencies. Both DNN architectures were tuned using Bayesian optimization, and the results for the test set were compared to state-of-the art PR/PEA discrimination algorithms based on machine learning and hand crafted features. The PR/PEA classifiers were evaluated in terms of sensitivity (Se) for PR, specificity (Sp) for PEA, and the balanced accuracy (BAC), the average of Se and Sp. The Se/Sp/BAC of the DNN architectures were 94.1%/92.9%/93.5% for the first one, and 95.5%/91.6%/93.5% for the second one. Both architectures improved the performance of state of the art methods by more than 1.5 points in BAC.This work was supported by: The Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, TEC2015-64678-R, jointly with the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), UPV/EHU via GIU17/031 and the Basque Government through the grant PRE_2018_2_0260

Evolución del Balance de Masas y Retroceso Glaciar en el Nevado Artesonraju (Cordillera Blanca, Perú)

Los glaciares tropicales son considerados como los perfectos indicadores a la hora de medir los efectos del calentamiento global, ya que cualquier variación del clima incide en ellos, de manera más rápida que en glaciares de diferentes latitudes. En este trabajo abordaremos el análisis de un glaciar perteneciente al Nevado Artesonraju, un pico ubicado en la Cordillera Blanca, en los Andes peruanos. Mediante este análisis se pretende evaluar la pérdida de masa glaciar en este punto durante los últimos años, concretamente durante el periodo entre 2004-2014. Recogiendo los resultados que nos arroje el cálculo del balance de masas del glaciar, analizaremos su posible retroceso, asociando estas pérdidas glaciares con el fenómeno del cambio climático, y evaluaremos de manera sintética las consecuencias medioambientales, económicas y sociales que conlleva esta pérdida

Matematika eta Gorputz Hezkuntza: ikasgai osagarriak

26 p. : il. -- Bibliogr.: p. 20-22[EUS] Gaur egungo gizarteak adimen logiko-matematikoari ematen dio garrantzi handia, beste adimen batzuk baztertzen dituen bitartean. Hauen artean adimen kinestesikoa aurkitu dezakegu, Gorputz Hezkuntzaren bitartez landu ohi dena. Lan honen helburua, matematikaren eta Gorputz Hezkuntzaren arteko batura posiblea dela ikustaraztea da, osagarri direla baieztatzen duten ikerketetaz baliatuta. Berrikuspen bibliografiko honetan diziplinartekotasunean eragina duten kontzeptuak azalduko dira baita honen onurak eta hauek aprobetxatzeko jarduerak ere. HITZ GAKOAK: diziplinartekotasuna, matematika, Gorputz Hezkuntza, Lehen Hezkuntza.[ES] La sociedad de hoy en día da mucha importancia a la inteligencia lógico-matemática mientras deja de lado otras inteligencias como puede ser la inteligencia corporal kinestésica, habitualmente trabajada en la Educación Física. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer ver que es posible trabajar las matemáticas y la Educación Física de manera conjunta. Esto será respaldado por datos y estudios científicos que prueban la mejora en dichos ámbitos cuando son trabajados conjuntamente (interdisciplinariedad). En esta revisión bibliográfica se explicarán conceptos relacionados con ello, al igual que se hablará de las ventajas de la interdisciplinariedad y de actividades para poder beneficiarse de ellas. PALABRAS CLAVE: interdisciplinariedad, matemáticas, Educación Física, Educación Primaria.[EN] Nowadays the society tends to give too much importance to the logical-mathematical intelligence while they put aside other intelligences such as the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, which is normally developed in Physical Education. The aim of this project is to make people understand that it is possible to work on Physical Education and mathematics both at the same time. This is going to be supported by scientific researches that approves the improvement of those fields when we work in both of them together (interdisciplinary). In this bibliographic review are going to be explained concepts related to this and the advantages of the interdisciplinary and the activities to take benefits of them. KEY WORDS: interdisciplinary, mathematics, Physical Education, Primary Education

Evolución del Balance de Masas y Retroceso Glaciar en el Nevado Artesonraju (Cordillera Blanca, Perú)

Los glaciares tropicales son considerados como los perfectos indicadores a la hora de medir los efectos del calentamiento global, ya que cualquier variación del clima incide en ellos, de manera más rápida que en glaciares de diferentes latitudes. En este trabajo abordaremos el análisis de un glaciar perteneciente al Nevado Artesonraju, un pico ubicado en la Cordillera Blanca, en los Andes peruanos. Mediante este análisis se pretende evaluar la pérdida de masa glaciar en este punto durante los últimos años, concretamente durante el periodo entre 2004-2014. Recogiendo los resultados que nos arroje el cálculo del balance de masas del glaciar, analizaremos su posible retroceso, asociando estas pérdidas glaciares con el fenómeno del cambio climático, y evaluaremos de manera sintética las consecuencias medioambientales, económicas y sociales que conlleva esta pérdida

Matematika eta Gorputz Hezkuntza: ikasgai osagarriak

26 p. : il. -- Bibliogr.: p. 20-22[EUS] Gaur egungo gizarteak adimen logiko-matematikoari ematen dio garrantzi handia, beste adimen batzuk baztertzen dituen bitartean. Hauen artean adimen kinestesikoa aurkitu dezakegu, Gorputz Hezkuntzaren bitartez landu ohi dena. Lan honen helburua, matematikaren eta Gorputz Hezkuntzaren arteko batura posiblea dela ikustaraztea da, osagarri direla baieztatzen duten ikerketetaz baliatuta. Berrikuspen bibliografiko honetan diziplinartekotasunean eragina duten kontzeptuak azalduko dira baita honen onurak eta hauek aprobetxatzeko jarduerak ere. HITZ GAKOAK: diziplinartekotasuna, matematika, Gorputz Hezkuntza, Lehen Hezkuntza.[ES] La sociedad de hoy en día da mucha importancia a la inteligencia lógico-matemática mientras deja de lado otras inteligencias como puede ser la inteligencia corporal kinestésica, habitualmente trabajada en la Educación Física. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer ver que es posible trabajar las matemáticas y la Educación Física de manera conjunta. Esto será respaldado por datos y estudios científicos que prueban la mejora en dichos ámbitos cuando son trabajados conjuntamente (interdisciplinariedad). En esta revisión bibliográfica se explicarán conceptos relacionados con ello, al igual que se hablará de las ventajas de la interdisciplinariedad y de actividades para poder beneficiarse de ellas. PALABRAS CLAVE: interdisciplinariedad, matemáticas, Educación Física, Educación Primaria.[EN] Nowadays the society tends to give too much importance to the logical-mathematical intelligence while they put aside other intelligences such as the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, which is normally developed in Physical Education. The aim of this project is to make people understand that it is possible to work on Physical Education and mathematics both at the same time. This is going to be supported by scientific researches that approves the improvement of those fields when we work in both of them together (interdisciplinary). In this bibliographic review are going to be explained concepts related to this and the advantages of the interdisciplinary and the activities to take benefits of them. KEY WORDS: interdisciplinary, mathematics, Physical Education, Primary Education

Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing on the Machinability of Titanium Parts

The manufacturing of titanium airframe parts involves significant machining and low buy-to-fly ratios. Production costs could be greatly reduced by the combination of an additive manufacturing (AM) process followed by a finishing machining operation. Among the different AM alternatives, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) offers deposition rates of kg/h and could be the key for the production of parts of several meters economically. In this study, the influence of the manufacturing process of Ti6Al4V alloy on both its material properties and machinability is investigated. First, the mechanical properties of a workpiece obtained by WAAM were compared to those in a conventional laminated plate. Then, drilling tests were carried out in both materials. The results showed that WAAM leads to a higher hardness than laminated Ti6Al4V and satisfies the requirements of the standard in terms of mechanical properties. As a consequence, higher cutting forces, shorter chips, and lower burr height were observed for the workpieces produced by AM. Furthermore, a metallographic analysis of the chip cross-sectional area also showed that a serrated chip formation is also present during drilling of Ti6Al4V produced by WAAM. The gathered information can be used to improve the competitiveness of the manufacturing of aircraft structures in terms of production time and cost.This research was funded by the vice-counseling of technology, innovation, and competitiveness of the Basque Government grant agreement kk-2019/00004 (PROCODA project

Noninvasive Monitoring of Manual Ventilation during Out-of- Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) consisting of chest compressions and assisted ventilation is crucial to treat out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). It is well reported that quality of manual ventilations, in terms of rate and volume, is suboptimal, with a high incidence of hyperventilation, which is linked to poor outcomes. The lack of a noninvasive technology to monitor ventilations during out-of-hospital CPR precludes feedback on ventilations to the rescuer, and it handicaps the evaluation of the effect of ventilations on the outcome of the patient. This chapter addresses the possibilities and challenges of monitoring the quality of manual ventilations in current defibrillators. Methods are proposed to monitor ventilations based on the thoracic impedance and the capnogram. These methods can be integrated in defibrillators used in both basic and advanced life support. The algorithms are described, and the accuracy of the methods to monitor the ventilation rate and the quality metrics of the ventilations is reported using real OHCA episodes. The accuracy and limitations of the methods as well as the implications of integrating them in the treatment of patients in cardiac arrest are discussed