Estudio de la terminología de la danza académica

En la terminología de la danza académica existe una estrecha relación entre la lengua, el concepto y la ejecución del movimiento. La integración de estos conocimientos en la didáctica de la danza es un factor fundamental en el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje de esta disciplina. Sin embargo, el desconocimiento de su soporte lingüístico, la lengua francesa, la particular forma de transmisión oral de las enseñanzas a lo largo de generaciones, y la escasez de trabajos teóricos hacen difícil el conocimiento de su vocabulario. Esta constatación teórica ha constituido pues el punto de partida de la presente investigación. Nuestro objeto de estudio se centra en la terminología de la danza académica. Analiza dicha terminología con el fin de aplicarla con rigor, respetando las consideraciones de las diferentes escuelas de danza académica, y de asegurar la precisión de la comunicación profesional. En la elaboración de esta tesis, en primer lugar, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio diacrónico que abarca desde sus primeras formas hasta su estado actual. Se han obtenido respuestas sobre su naturaleza, origen, creación, formación, codificación y adaptación a las necesidades de cada época y estilo. Otra de las decisiones adoptadas en esta investigación ha consistido en centrar la atención en el vocabulario codificado por las tres grandes escuelas de danza académica: la francesa, la italiana y la rusa. En una clase de danza, la riqueza denominativa que se produce por la variación terminológica, puede llegar a suponer un importante obstáculo para la comunicación especializada. Rastrear la filiación de los términos según dichas escuelas nos ha permitido extraer conclusiones más completas, si se tiene en cuenta el fenómeno de eclecticismo que existe en la actualidad. En segundo lugar, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio lexicológico y semántico. Hemos descrito formal, semántica y funcionalmente el conjunto de unidades que pueden adquirir un valor terminológico. Con el fin de identificar convenientemente las diferentes unidades terminológicas, el campo de estudio del corpus atiende a informaciones establecidas de las unidades léxicas (etimología, transcripción fonética, significado literal en lengua francesa, significado no técnico en español y significado en danza académica). Este hecho viene dado porque entendemos que el estudio de la terminología de la danza académica se concibe desde una perspectiva plural de investigación, en la que distintas disciplinas contribuyen, desde diferentes enfoques, a la elaboración del análisis. En último lugar, la realización de un análisis nos ha permitido dar respuesta a las necesidades lingüísticas en el marco de la información y la comunicación profesional de la danza académica. En definitiva, esta tesis responde al deseo de evitar las aproximaciones erróneas en el uso de la terminología de especialidad en nuestro contexto hispano y educativo actual. Dada la falta de trabajos científicos sobre la terminología que nos ocupa esperamos que esta investigación repercuta de manera positiva en la aplicación de la normalización terminológica y contribuya en consecuencia a la precisión de la comunicación profesional. Asimismo, esperamos propiciar un espacio de discusión y planteamiento de nuevos retos en el campo de estudio de la terminología de la danza académica.In the terminology of academic dance there is a strong bound between the language, the concept and the execution of movement. The integration of these fields in the didactics of dance is a fundamental issue in the teaching-learning process of this discipline. But the shortage of knowledge of its core language, French, its specific way of oral transmission throughout the different generations and the shortage of theoretical studies make knowing its specific vocabulary a difficult labour. This theoretical verification has constituted the starting point of this investigation. Our study focuses on the terminology of academic dance. It analyzes its terminology with the aim of applying it observing the considerations of the different schools of academic dance and ensuring the accuracy of professional communication. In the first place, for the development of this thesis, a diachronic study that encompasses dancing from its first versions until modern times was carried out. During the execution of this study we have obtained answers regarding its nature, origin, creation, formation, coding and adaptation to the needs of every epoch and style. In addition, to continue with the research, we have decided to focus on the codified vocabulary utilized by the three main schools of academic dance: the French, the Italian and the Russian. The richness of denomination generated by the variation in terminology can suppose a big obstacle for specialized communication in a dance class. Ascertaining the affiliation of terms according to the above mentioned schools has allowed us to obtain full conclusions, having in consideration the current eclecticism. Furthermore, we have made a study on the lexicology as well as on the semantics. We have formally, semantically and functionally described the ensemble of units that can achieve a terminological value. Willing to conveniently identify the different terminological units, the field of study of the corpus attends to the established information of the lexical untis (etimology, phonetic transcription, literal meaning in French language, non-technical meaning in Spanish language and meaning in academic dance).This is a fact that derives from understanding that the study of the terminology of academic dance is conceived from a prural investigation perspective, in which many disciplines contribute to the elaboration of the analysis from different approaches. Finally, focusing on the results, the development of this anlysis has allowed us to answer the linguistic needs within the frame of information and professional communication of academic dance. Our aim has also been to clarify the possible doubts regarding the meaning of the terms depending on the school of reference. In conclusion, this thesis responds to the desire of avoiding the erroneus approaches of the use of the specialized terminology within our Hispanic and educative contemporary context. Given the scarcity of scientific studies on the terminology, we hope that this investigation will have a possitive influence on the standardization of the terminology and therefore contribute to the accuracy of professional communication. Additionally, we hope to create a space for discussion and a proposal for new challenges in the field of study of the terminology of academic dance

Terminología de la danza académica: la importancia de denominarse « plié »

Le vocabulaire de la danse académique est né de l’esprit et de l’imagination française, ses termes manquant de précision et d’énergie dans une langue étrangère. Même si l’on part du vocabulaire commun de la langue, il est fréquent d’ignorer la traduction littérale de la plupart de ces termes ou bien le rapport sémantique entre leurs formes et leurs sens. Quant à la bibliographie sur le sujet, sur papier ou sur Internet, il est vrai que nous avons trouvé dans d’autres langues des dictionnaires permettant une définition des termes, mais dans les recherches effectuées, nous n’avons trouvé que peu de textes qui remplissent les mêmes fonctions en langue espagnole

Effects of temperature, water activity and incubation time on fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 production by toxinogenic Aspergillus flavus isolates on sorghum seeds

Sorghum, which is consumed in Tunisia as human food, suffers from severe colonization by several toxigenic fungi and contamination by mycotoxins. The Tunisian climate is characterized by high temperature and humidity that stimulates mold proliferation and mycotoxin accumulation in foodstuffs. This study investigated the effects of temperature (15, 25 and 37 ◦C), water activity (aw, between 0.85 and 0.99) and incubation time (7, 14, 21 and 28 d) on fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production by three Aspergillus flavus isolates (8, 10 and 14) inoculated on sorghum grains. The Baranyi model was applied to identify the limits of growth and mycotoxin production. Maximum diameter growth rates were observed at 0.99 aw at 37 ◦C for two of the isolates. The minimum aw needed for mycelial growth was 0.91 at 25 and 37 ◦C. At 15 ◦C, only isolate 8 grew at 0.99 aw. Aflatoxin B1 accumulation could be avoided by storing sorghum at low water activity levels (≤0.91 aw). Aflatoxin production was not observed at 15 ◦C. This is the first work on the effects of water activity and temperature on A. flavus growth and AFB1 production by A. flavus isolates on sorghum grains.We thank M. Prim for her encouragement and technicalassistance. The authors are grateful to the European Union(MYCORED KBBE-2007-2-5-05 project) and Tunisian Govern-ment for financial support

Towards the fluorogenic detection of peroxide explosives through host-guest chemistry

[EN] Two dansyl-modified beta-cyclodextrin derivatives (1 and 2) have been synthesized as host-guest sensory systems for the direct fluorescent detection of the peroxide explosives diacetone diperoxide (DADP) and triacetone triperoxide (TATP) in aqueous media. The sensing is based on the displacement of the dansyl moiety from the cavity of the cyclodextrin by the peroxide guest resulting in a decrease of the intensity of the fluorescence of the dye. Both systems showed similar fluorescent responses and were more sensitive towards TATP than DADP.We thank the Spanish Government (MAT2015-64139-C4-4-R) and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/047) for financial support.Almenar, E.; Costero, AM.; Gaviña, P.; Gil Grau, S.; Parra Álvarez, M. (2018). Towards the fluorogenic detection of peroxide explosives through host-guest chemistry. 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