Theories on the scope for foreign exchange market intervention

Exchange Rate;Foreign Exchange Market;Interventions;Models

On visions and new approaches Case studies of organisational forms in organic plant breeding and seed production

The report is an exploratory study of the social, financial and legal organisation, and technology applied in five initiatives in the sector of biological seed production and plant breeding in the Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland. The experiences of the studied initiatives are relevant in a period in which interest for organic seed and plant breeding is increasing. A number of the actors in the organic sector consider organic breeding a guarantee the availability of suitable seeds and varieties for the organic sector in terms of agronomic and quality traits. An important requirement is that seeds are produced and developed with technologies that are accepted in the organic sector. In addition, the organic sector is interested in breeding strategies that aim not only at economic, but also at social sustainability

Supporting farmers in maintaining and selecting seeds of local varieties

This book addresses strategies and approaches through which professionals can support informal seed supply, and link these with the conservation and use of the huge genetic resource base of crops and local varieties. The aim of all the strategies, case studies and reflections on experiences presented in this book is to improve the availability of and access to seeds and varieties, thereby improving the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in Ethiopia and beyond

Daily Bundesbank and federal reserve intervention and the conditional variance tale in DM/$-returns

Central Banks;Foreign Exchange Market;Interventions;monetary economics

Accounting for Daily Bundesbank and federal reserve intervention: A friction model with a GARCH application

Exchange Rate;Central Banks;GARCH Models

The ineffectiveness of central bank intervention

Foreign Exchange;Exchange Rate;Central Banks;Interventions

Objectives and effectiveness of foreign exchange market intervention: A survey of the empirical literature

Central Banks;monetary economics