"Meu corpo, minhas regras": uma análise do discurso feminista na internet

As mulheres, em diversos momentos da história ocidental, lutaram contra sua condição de opressão, ainda que de forma isolada. O feminismo surgiu como um movimento organizado por volta dos séculos XVIII e XIX, inicialmente com a intenção de conquista de direitos políticos e de oportunidade de trabalho. Com o decorrer da história e do desenvolvimento das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação as ideias feministas puderam ser transmitidas a um numero maior de pessoas. Através do discurso e utilizando-se de redes de memória e identidade, o feminismo busca cooptar cada vez mais adeptos. A web e, especialmente, as redes sociais contribuem sobremaneira pra expansão do feminismo, pela capacidade de atingir um grande público. A pesquisa objetiva a resposta de como se dá essas relações entre ideologia e identidade nas publicações feministas da web. Assim como busca evidenciar a relação dialógica e responsiva entre os enunciados imagéticos publicizados e, dessa forma, estabelecer a relação entre memória e identidade nesse contexto. A metodologia utilizada para alcançar os objetivos propostos foi qualitativa, alinhado aos conceitos de ideologia, discurso e linguagem trabalhados por Mikhail Bakhtin, evocando as relações de memória e identidade vistas com Michael Pollak, entre outros. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da pesquisa exploratória, e a partir dessa coleta foi realizada a análise do discurso à luz dos conceitos apresentados. A análise e os resultados obtidos evidenciaram as relações dialógicas, responsivas e de transmissão de discurso que resultam das ferramentas oferecidas pelo mundo virtual. Percebeu-se também que a evocação da memória social é necessária para criar o processo identitário com o feminismo no receptor do enunciado. Por fim, conclui-se que o discurso feminista na web pretende alcançar, além de direitos políticos, a internalização de que as mulheres possuem força e autonomia para provocar a mudança social necessária a fim de romper com a ideologia dominante machista

Determinants of the mean growth rate of children under the age of six months: a cohort study

This study aimed to investigate some factors that contributed to higher or lower growth rate of children up to the sixth month of life. This is a cohort study with 240 children evaluated in four stages. Variables of birth, eating habits of the child, mothers’ breast-feeding difficulty and pacifier use were investigated. Children’s weight gain rate (grams/day) and size gain (cm/month) were measured in all assessments and compared according to the variables of interest. In the first month, weight gain rate of children born by cesarean section was smaller. By the second month, the growth rate (weight and size gain) was higher among children who were exclusively or predominantly breastfed and lower among those who consumed infant formula. Children of mothers who reported difficulty to breastfeed showed a lower growth rate until the second month. Children age four months who consumed porridge had lower weight and size gain rate. Pacifier use was associated with lower weight gain rates up the first, second and fourth month

Fatores sociodemográficos, perinatais e comportamentais associados aos tipos de leite consumidos por crianças menores de seis meses: coorte de nascimento

Avaliar os fatores associados ao consumo de leite materno (LM), fórmulas lácteas (FL) e leite de vaca (LV). Estudo de coorte com 247 crianças acompanhadas no 1°, 4° e 6° mês de vida, em Viçosa-MG. Para o LV e FL contabilizouse o consumo independentemente da ingestão de LM. Para o LM, considerou-se apenas o consumo exclusivo ou predominante. Do 1° ao 6° mês observou-se o aumento do não consumo de LM de forma exclusiva ou predominante (31,6%), bem como do consumo de LV (27,2%) e FL (9,3%). O LM associou-se ao uso de chupeta no 1° mês, e ao trabalho materno e uso de chupeta no 4° e 6° mês. O uso de chupeta foi fator de risco para o consumo de FL em todos os meses, enquanto pertencer ao grupo de menor renda foi inversamente associado no 6° mês. Para o LV, o número de consultas pré-natal foi fator de risco em todos os meses, o trabalho materno e o uso de chupeta no 4° mês, a renda familiar, trabalho materno, baixo peso ao nascer, número de consultas pré-natal e uso de chupeta no 6° mês. Desde o 1° mês a introdução de outros tipos de leite é elevada, revelando que ainda há muito a se percorrer para a garantia do aleitamento materno exclusivo até os 6 meses.This study evaluated factors associated with the consumption of breast milk (BM), infant formula (IF) and cow milk (CM) in children. This was a cohort study with 256 children followed-up at the 1st, 4th and 6th month of age in Viçosa (MG), Brazil. With respect to CM and IF, consumption was recorded regardless of BM intake. Regarding BM, only exclusive or predominant consumption was considered. From the 1st to the 6th month, an increase was recorded in the number of children who did not consume BM exclusively or predominantly (31.6%), as well as the consumption of CM (27.2%) and IF (9.3%). BM was associated with pacifier use at 1st month, and mother’s employment status and pacifier use in the 4th and 6th month. Pacifier use was a risk factor for IF consumption in every month, while belonging to the lower income group was inverse- ly associated in the 6th month. As for CM, the number of prenatal visits was a risk factor in every month, the mother’s employment status and use of pacifier in the 4th month, family income, mother’s employment status, low birth weight, number of prenatal visits and pacifier use in the 6th month. Since the 1st month, the introduction of other milk types is high, revealing that there is still much to go to ensure exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora