La nandrolona aumenta la actividad de la enzima de conversión angiotensina en tendones de ratones

Introdução: O sistema renina-angiotensina (SRA) tem sido associado a importantes processos biológicos do corpo humano, regulando, entre outros processos, a pressão arterial e balanço hidroeletrolítico. Além disso, o SRA também regula o crescimento do tecido conjuntivo. Recentemente, foi demonstrado que a utilização de nandrolona modifica a atividade da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ECA) e aumenta a deposição de colágeno no coração. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a atividade de ECA no tendão flexor superficial (TFS) e no soro após exercício de força com administração de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) durante sete semanas e após seis semanas de destreinamento. Métodos: Quarenta e oito ratos da linhagem Wistar foram divididos em dois grupos (G1 e G2) e subdivididos em quatro subgrupos: Sedentários (S); treinados (T); sedentários com EAA (EAAS) (Deca-Durabolin - 5mg/kg, duas vezes por semana) e treinados com administração de EAA (EAAT). Os grupos treinados realizaram saltos na água: quatro séries de 10 saltos cada, com intervalo de 30 seg entre as séries. Resultados: O treinamento aumentou a atividade de ECA no TFS em comparação ao controle (p<0,05). Os grupos tratados com EAA apresentaram maiores níveis de ECA (p<0,05). O grupo EAA-T mostrou atividade de ECA mais elevada quando comparada ao grupo T. Além disso, o grupo EAA-T apresentou maiores níveis de ECA no soro. No grupo G2, todos os subgrupos diminuíram a atividade de ECA tanto no soro quanto no tendão. Conclusão: Este estudo indica que a administração de EAA e sua combinação com o exercício aumenta a atividade de ECA nos tendões. O uso abusivo de EAA pode comprometer a adaptação tendínea no qual pode provocar remodelamento mal adaptativas.Introduction: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been associated with several biological processes of the human body, regulating, among others blood pressure and water and electrolytes balance. Moreover, RAS also regulates connective tissue growth. Recently, studies have shown that the use of nandrolone modifies the angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity and increases collagen deposition in the heart. Objective: The aim of study was to evaluate the Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the superficial flexor tendon (SFT) and in serum after load exercise in combination with anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) administration after training session and six weeks of detraining. Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were used into two groups (G1 and G2) subdivided into four subgroups: Sedentary (S); trained (T); AAS-treated (Deca-Durabolin, 5mg/kg, twice a week) sedentary rats (AAS) and AAS-treated and trained animals (AAST). Trained groups performed jumps in water: four series of 10 jumps each, followed by a 30 sec interval between the series, for seven weeks. Results: Training increased ACE activity in the SFT compared to the control group (p <0.05). Both AAS and AAST groups presented higher ACE activity levels (p < 0.05). The AAST increased the ACE activity only compared to the trained animals. Only the AAST group presented significant higher levels of ACE in the serum. In the G2 group, all experimental groups presented decreased ACE activity in the serum and in the tendon, as compared to the control group. Conclusion: This study indicates that AAS administration and its combination with exercise increased ACE activity of tendons. AAS abuse could compromise tendon adaptation causing maladaptive remodeling.Introducción: El sistema renina-angiotensina (RAS) ha sido asociado con varios procesos biológicos del cuerpo humano, entre ellos, regular la presión arterial y el contenido de electrolitos. Además, el RAS también regula el tejido conectivo. Recientemente, estudios han demostrado que el uso de nandrolona modifica la actividad de ACE e incrementa la deposición de colágeno en el corazón. Objetivo: En este modo, el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la actividad de la enzima de conversión angiotensina (ACE) en el tendón flexor superficial (TFS) y en el suero después del ejercicio de resistencia en combinación con la administración de esteroides anabólico-androgénicos (AAS) después de la sesión de entrenamiento, y seis semanas de desentrenamiento. Métodos: Cuarenta y ocho ratones Wistar fueron divididos en dos grupos (G1 y G2) y subdivididos en cuatro grupos: sedentarios (S); entrenados (T); ratas sedentarias tretratadas con AAS (Deca-Durabolin - 5 mg / kg dos veces a la semana) (AAS) y animales entrenados y tratados con AAS (AAST). Los grupos entrenados realizaron saltos en el agua: cuatro series de 10 saltos cada uno, con 30 segundos de intervalo entre las series, durante siete semanas. Resultados: El entrenamiento aumentó la actividad de ECA en TFS en comparación con el control (p <0,05). Los grupos AAS y AAST mostraron mayores niveles de ACE (p <0,05). El grupo AAST mostró alta actividad de ECA en comparación con el grupo T. Además, el AAST mostró niveles más altos de ACE en el suero. En G2, todos los grupos disminuyeron la la actividad ACE tanto en el suero como en el tendón si comparados con el grupo control. Conclusión: Este estudio indica que la administración de AAS y su combinación con el ejercicio aumenta la actividad de ECA en los tendones. El uso abusivo de AAS puede comprometer la adaptación del tendón, lo que puede causar remodelaciones mal adaptativas

The Effects of Resistance Training Volume on Skeletal Muscle Proteome

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(7): 1051-1066, 2017. Studies are conflicting to whether low volume resistance training (RT) is as effective as high-volume RT protocols with respect to promoting morphological and molecular adaptations. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare, using a climbing a vertical ladder, the effects of 8 weeks, 3 times per week, resistance training with 4 sets (RT4), resistance training with 8 sets (RT8) and without resistance training control (CON) on gastrocnemius muscle proteome using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and cross sectional area (CSA) of rats. Fifty-two proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS, with 39 in common between the three groups, two in common between RT8 and CON, one in common between RT8 and RT4, four exclusive in the CON, one in the RT8, and four in the RT4. The RT8 group had a reduced abundance of 12 proteins, mostly involved in muscle protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, anti-oxidant defense, and oxygen transport. Otherwise one protein involved with energy transduction as compared with CON group showed high abundance. There was no qualitative protein abundance difference between RT4 and CON groups. These results revealed that high volume RT induced undesirable disturbances on skeletal muscle proteins, while lower volume RT resulted in similar gains in skeletal muscle hypertrophy without impairment of proteome. The CSA was significantly higher in RT8 group when compared to RT4 group, which was significantly higher than CON group. However, no differences were found between trained groups when the gastrocnemius CSA were normalized by the total body weight

Enhancing of women functional status with metabolic syndrome by cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of combined aerobic and resistance training

These data describe the effects of combined aerobic plus resistance training (CT) with regards to risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS), quality of life, functional capacity, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in women with MetS. In this context, thirteen women (35.466.2 yr) completed 10 weeks of CT consisting of three weekly sessions of ,60 min aerobic training (treadmill at 65–70% of reserve heart rate, 30 min) and resistance training (3 sets of 8–12 repetitions maximum for main muscle groups). Dependent variables were maximum chest press strength; isometric hand-grip strength; 30 s chair stand test; six minute walk test; body mass; body mass index; body adiposity index; waist circumference; systolic (SBP), diastolic and mean blood pressure (MBP); blood glucose; HDL-C; triglycerides; interleukins (IL) 6, 10 and 12, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and serum nitric oxide metabolite (NOx); quality of life (SF-36) and Z-Score of MetS. There was an improvement in muscle strength on chest press (p = 0.009), isometric hand-grip strength (p = 0.03) and 30 s chair stand (p = 0.007). There was a decrease in SBP (p = 0.049), MBP (p = 0.041), Z-Score of MetS (p = 0.046), OPG (0.4260.26 to 0.3860.19 ng/mL, p,0.05) and NOx (13.362.3 mmol/L to 9.162.3 mmol/L; p,0.0005). IL-10 displayed an increase (13.667.5 to 17.2612.3 pg/mL, p,0.05) after 10 weeks of training. Combined training also increased the perception of physical capacity (p = 0.011). This study endorses CT as an efficient tool to improve blood pressure, functional capacity, quality of life and reduce blood markers of inflammation, which has a clinical relevance in the prevention and treatment of MetS

Paternal resistance training induced modifications in the left ventricle proteome independent of offspring diet

Ancestral obesogenic exposure is able to trigger harmful effects in the offspring left ventricle (LV) which could lead to cardiovascular diseases. However, the impact of the father’s lifestyle on the offspring LV is largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of paternal resistance training (RT) on the offspring left ventricle (LV) proteome exposed to control or high-fat (HF) diet. Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: sedentary fathers and trained fathers (8 weeks, 3 times per week with weights secured to the animals’ tails). The offspring were obtained by mating with sedentary females. Upon weaning, male offspring were divided into 4 groups (5 animals per group): offspring from sedentary fathers, exposed to control diet (SFO-C); offspring from trained fathers, exposed to control diet (TFO-C); offspring from sedentary fathers, exposed to high-fat diet (SFO-HF); and offspring from trained fathers, exposed to highfat diet (TFO-HF). The LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 537 regulated proteins among groups. Offspring exposure to HF diet caused reduction in the abundance levels of proteins related to cell component organization, metabolic processes, and transport. Proteins related to antioxidant activity, transport, and transcription regulation were increased in TFO-C and TFO-HF as compared with the SFO-C and SFO-HF groups. Paternal RT demonstrated to be an important intervention capable of inducing significant effects on the LV proteome regardless of offspring diet due to the increase of proteins involved into LV homeostasis maintenance. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular aspects involved in transgenerational inheritance

Paternal resistance training modulates calcaneal tendon proteome in the offspring exposed to high-fat diet

The increase in high-energy dietary intakes is a well-known risk factor for many diseases, and can also negatively impact the tendon. Ancestral lifestyle can mitigate the metabolic harmful effects of offspring exposed to high-fat diet (HF). However, the influence of paternal exercise on molecular pathways associated to offspring tendon remodeling remains to be determined. We investigated the effects of 8 weeks of paternal resistance training (RT) on offspring tendon proteome exposed to standard diet or HF diet. Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: sedentary fathers and trained fathers (8 weeks, three times per week, with 8–12 dynamic movements per climb in a stair climbing apparatus). The offspring were obtained by mating with sedentary females. Upon weaning, male offspring were divided into four groups (five animals per group): offspring from sedentary fathers were exposed either to control diet (SFO-C), or to high-fat diet (SFO-HF); offspring from trained fathers were exposed to control diet (TFO-C) or to a high-fat diet (TFO-HF). The Nano-LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 383 regulated proteins among offspring groups. HF diet induced a decrease of abundance in tendon proteins related to extracellular matrix organization, transport, immune response and translation. On the other hand, the changes in the offspring tendon proteome in response to paternal RT were more pronounced when the offspring were exposed to HF diet, resulting in positive regulation of proteins essential for the maintenance of tendon integrity. Most of the modulated proteins are associated to biological pathways related to tendon protection and damage recovery, such as extracellular matrix organization and transport. The present study demonstrated that the father’s lifestyle could be crucial for tendon homeostasis in the first generation. Our results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in paternal intergenerational effects and potential protective outcomes of paternal RT