Challenges of nematode control in ruminants : focus on Latin America

AbstractGastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) are ubiquitous and can cause severe injuries to infected animals and significant losses in farming revenues. GIN are able to survive severe environmental and host conditions, but mankind has developed a number of ingenious methods for parasite control. The commerce and use of modern anthelmintic drugs with a broad spectrum of activity has been a solid tool for nearly 40 years, however the continuous use of these drugs, has led to the selection of populations of drug-resistant worms worldwide. At present, the ever-growing agricultural systems in Latin America are facing many challenges and cannot rely on the far-reaching objective of parasitic elimination from the host or the environment. The lack of extensive programs for monitoring drug resistance exacerbates the negative consequences of reduced efficacy, which is evident in some areas with the increase in mortality rate even after treatment. Experts agree that new schemes of parasitic control are needed and should be based on the strategy of targeted selective treatment where affected hosts are identified and treated accordingly. In this article, we will focus our discussion on the challenges for the control of GIN in Latin America by 2020 imposed by reduced drug efficacy. We will evaluate phenotypic and molecular markers, methods for single-animal evaluation, and the implementation of schemes for anthelmintic treatment that address parasites in refugia

Internet of Things-Aided Smart Home Off-Grid Photovoltaic-Powered

Nowadays, smart devices which can be controlled remotely by the Internet appear in the preference setting rather than the manual control to improve the standard of living. In this paper, a domotic system integrated into PV power generation has been developed on the Internet of Things (IoT). The system uses sensors for fire detection and monitoring of the temperature and relative air humidity. Based on real-time, the home automation off-grid system is developed so that makes the system cost-effective and portable

Quantitative and Qualitative Approach of Scientific Paper Popularity By Naïve Bayes Classifier

Usually, scientific research begins with the collection of data in which online social media tools can be some of the most rewarding and informative resources. The extensive measure of accessible information pulls in users from undergraduate students to postdoc. The search for scientific themes has popularized due to the availability of abundant publications that resides in scientific social networks such as Mendeley, ResearchGate etc. Articles are published on these media inform of text for knowledge dissemination, scientific support, research, updates etc, and are frequently uploaded after its publication in a proceedings or journal. In this sense, data collected from database often contains high noise and its analysis can be treated as a characterization undertaking as it groups the introduction of a content into either good or bad. In this text, we present quantitative and qualitative analysis of papers popularity in Mendeley repository by using naive Bayes Classifier

Quantitative Analysis Powered by Naïve Bayes Classifier Algorithm to Data-Related Publications Social-Scientific Network

Quantitative evaluation of a dataset can play an important role in pattern recognition of technical-scientific research involving behavior and dynamics in social networks. As an example, are the adaptive feature weighting approaches by naive Bayes text algorithm. This work aims to present an exploratory data analysis with a quantitative approach that involves pattern recognition using the Mendeley research network; to identify logics given the popularity of document access. To better analyze the results, the work was divided into four categories, each with three subcategories, that is, five, three, and two output classes. The name for these categories came up due to data collection, which also presented documents with open access, dismembering proceedings, and journals for two more categories. As a result, the performance for the test examples showed a lower error rate related to the subcategory two output classes in the criterion of popularity by using the naive Bayes algorithm in Mendeley

A new strategy for using banana as an ingredient in the brewing process

Beer is a traditionally fermented beverage made from malted grains of barley, hops, yeast, and water, while banana is an important food crop cultivated widely in tropical and subtropical areas and is one of the major fruits in Brazil. Besides, the banana is also very favorable to food industry (e.g. fermented beverages) due to its rich content on soluble solids, presence of minerals, and providing low acidity. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate a new strategy for using banana as adjunct to increase the fermentable sugars and to supply a specific aroma in pilot-plant brewing experiments. For this, static fermentations were conducted in a 180 L cylindrical-conical reactor using 140 L as working volume. Addition of banana was evaluated when changing the concentration of the wort from 10 to 12 ºP and from 10 to 13.5 ºP (ºP is the weight of the extract or the sugar equivalent in 100 g solution, at 20 ºC) and fermented under a constant temperature of 10 and 12.5 ºC, respectively. The results showed that the increment in the initial sugar concentration (12 to 13.5 ºP, due to the use of banana juice as adjunct), and in the temperature (10 to 12.5 ºC), increased approximately 17% the ethanol productivity. Thus, it was concluded that by using of simple preparation techniques of banana juice, banana can be used as adjunct in brewing processes, helping in the development of new products as well as in the elaboration of more concentrated worts when compared the traditional brewing worts.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Malteria do ValeCorn Products BrasilWallerstein Industrial e ComercialDiverseyLever (Brazil)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)CAPES/GRICES (Brazil/Portugal

Variation in perceived collective efficacy among adolescent basketball players across 4-month competitive season.

A team shared belief in its capability to organize and execute some actions required to achieve given performance level is referred as collective efficacy. Collective efficacy in sports appears to be dependent on the interactions and organized dynamics between the players within the team, their competences, including physical competence, organization, structure and strategies. It is directly related to team performance potential. In the present study we examined the changes of perceived collective efficacy among young basketball players and 10 to 17 years across a 4-month competitive season, accounting for variation by age group since youth sports are generally organized by competitive age groups. Based on the repeated measures across 4 months in the range of age observed, we explored the trends of perceived collective efficacy among this sample players. Sixty-five adolescent male basketball players aged 13,7 (9,5 to 17,3) years at baseline were considered. Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports (CEQS) was used to assess players´ perception of collective efficacy. The adolescent basketball players had high CEQS scores. Except for persistence, all CEQS factors did not vary by age group. However, no distinct trend of differences between age group was present. The CEQS factors remained high after 4-months competitive season exposure, except for ability where there was a systematic decrease for players scores at end-season.  A negative trend of change was apparent for persistence, preparation and unity as players were closer to late adolescence years. The results in this study highlight the importance for coaches and practitioners to consider environment and context influence on young basketball players´ collective efficacy perception.La creencia compartida de un equipo en su capacidad de organización y ejecución de acciones necesarias para alcanzar datos niveles de desempeño es referida como eficacia colectiva. La eficacia colectiva en el deporte parece depender de interacciones y dinámicas organizadas entre jugadores dentro de un equipo, sus competencias, incluyendo habilidades físicas, organización, estructura y estrategias. Está directamente relacionada con el potencial de rendimiento del equipo. En el presente estudio, examinamos los cambios en la eficacia colectiva percibida entre jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto de 10 a 17 años en cuatro meses de la temporada de competición, considerando la variación por grupo de edad así como generalmente las competiciones de jóvenes se organizan. Basado en medidas repetidas en cuatro meses en la amplitud de las edades observadas, exploramos las tendencias de la eficacia colectiva percibida entre los jugadores de esa muestra. Sesenta y cinco adolescentes jugadores de baloncesto del sexo masculino, con edad de 13,7 (9,5 a 17,3) años en la primera colecta fueron considerados. El Cuestionario de Eficacia Colectiva en los Deportes (CEQS) fue utilizado para medir la percepción de eficacia colectiva de los jugadores. Los jugadores tuvieron altas puntuaciones en el CEQS. Con excepción de la persistencia, todos los factores del CEQS no variaron de acuerdo con el grupo de edad. Sin embargo, ninguna tendencia distinta entre los grupos estuvo presente. Los factores del CEQS permanecieron elevados después de cuatro meses de exposición a la temporada competitiva, excepto por la habilidad donde hubo un descenso sistemático para las puntuaciones de los jugadores al final de la temporada. Una tendencia negativa de alteración fue aparente para persistencia, preparación y unión cuando jugadores estaban cerca de los últimos años de la adolescencia. Los resultados de este estudio destacan la importancia para los entrenadores y técnicos considerar el ambiente y la influencia del contexto en la percepción de eficacia colectiva en adolescentes jugadores de baloncesto.A crença compartilhada de uma equipe em sua capacidade de organização e execução de ações necessárias para atingirem dados níveis de desempenho é referida como eficácia coletiva. A eficácia coletiva no esporte parece ser dependente de interações e dinâmicas organizadas entre jogadores dentro de uma equipe, suas competências, incluindo competências físicas, organização, estrutura e estratégias. Está diretamente relacionada ao potencial de desempenho da equipe. No presente estudo, examinamos as alterações na eficácia coletiva percebida entre jovens jogadores de basquetebol de 10 a 17 anos em quatro meses da temporada de competição, considerando a variação por grupo etário assim como geralmente as competições de jovens são organizadas. Baseado em medidas repetidas em quatro meses na amplitude das idades observadas, exploramos as tendências da eficácia coletiva percebida entre os jogadores dessa amostra. Sessenta e cinco adolescentes jogadores de basquetebol do sexo masculino, com idade de 13,7 (9,5 a 17,3) anos na primeira coleta foram considerados. O Questionário de Eficácia Coletiva nos Esportes (CEQS) foi utilizado para mensurar a percepção de eficácia coletiva dos jogadores. Os jogadores tiveram altas pontuações no CEQS. Com exceção da persistência, todos os fatores do CEQS não variaram de acordo com o grupo etário. Contudo, nenhuma tendência distinta entre os grupos esteve presente. Os fatores do CEQS permaneceram elevados após quatro meses de exposição à temporada competitiva, exceto pela habilidade onde houve um decréscimo sistemático para as pontuações dos jogadores no final da temporada. Uma tendência negativa de alteração foi aparente para persistência, preparação e união quando jogadores estavam próximos dos últimos anos da adolescência. Os resultados desse estudo destacam a importância para treinadores e técnicos considerarem o ambiente e a influência do contexto na percepção de eficácia coletiva em adolescentes jogadores de basquetebol

Análise da fermentação em bioreatores cilindrocônicos de bancada na elaboração de cerveja com adjunto de banana

O aumento do extrato inicial de fermentação e uso de adjuntos na substituição do malte vem sendo uma alternativa para diminuição de custos na produção de cervejas. Uma outra característica deste processo tem sido a utilização de nutrientes para aumentar a produtividade volumétrica em etanol. Pelo fato da banana ser uma fruta abundante no Brasil e ser pouco qualificada para a exportação, pode-se utilizá-la como alternativa de adjunto do malte. Neste estudo foi elaborada cerveja utilizando a banana como adjunto do malte e estudado os parâmetros fermentativos principais obtidos no ponto otimizado em bioreatores cilindrocônicos de bancada. Para isso os mostos foram fermentados à 17,5 °P e 15 °C suplementados no início da fermentação com 420 mg/L de MgSO4. A produtividade volumétrica (Qp) alcançada foi de 0,68 g/L.h no tempo de 64 h de fermentação. Essa suplementação gerou um benefício, devido ao aumento de 6 % do valor de Qp

Total soluble solids from banana: evaluation and optimization of extraction parameters

Banana, an important component in the diet of the global population, is one of the most consumed fruits in the world. This fruit is also very favorable to industry processes (e.g., fermented beverages) due to its rich content on soluble solids and minerals, with low acidity. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of factors such as banana weight and extraction time during a hot aqueous extraction process on the total soluble solids content of banana. The extract is to be used by the food and beverage industries. The experiments were performed with 105 mL of water, considering the moisture of the ripe banana (65%). Total sugar concentrations were obtained in a beer analyzer and the result expressed in degrees Plato (°P, which is the weight of the extract or the sugar equivalent in 100 g solution at 20 °C), aiming at facilitating the use of these results by the beverage industries. After previous studies of characterization of the fruit and of ripening performance, a 22 full-factorial star design was carried out, and a model was developed to describe the behavior of the dependent variable (total soluble solids) as a function of the factors (banana weight and extraction time), indicating as optimum conditions for extraction 38.5 g of banana at 39.7 min.Gabinete de Relações Internacionais da Ciência e do Ensino Superior (GRICES), Portugal.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp), Brasil.Coordenação para Aperfeiçoamento do Ensino Superior (CAPES), Brasil.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal

Physicochemical properties and biological effects of quaternary ammonium methacrylates in an experimental adhesive resin for bonding orthodontic brackets

Fixed orthodontic appliances may lead to biofilm accumulation around them that may increase caries risk. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) on the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activity of adhesive resins for orthodontic purposes. Methodology: A base resin was prepared with a comonomer blend and photoinitiator/co-initiator system. Two different QAMs were added to the base adhesive: dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate at 5 wt.% (DMADDM) or dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) at 10 wt.%. The base adhesive, without QAMs, (GC) and the commercial Transbond™ XT Primer 3M (GT) were used as control. The resins were tested immediately and after six months of aging in the water regarding the antibacterial activity and shear bond strength (SBS). The antibacterial activity was tested against Streptococcus mutans via metabolic activity assay (MTT test). The groups were also tested for the degree of conversion (DC) and cytotoxicity against keratinocytes. Results:The resins containing QAM showed antibacterial activity compared to the commercial material by immediately reducing the metabolic activity by about 60%. However, the antibacterial activity decreased after aging (p<0.05). None of the groups presented any differences for SBS (p>0.05) and DC (p>0.05). The incorporation of DMADDM and DMAHDM significantly reduced the keratinocyte viability compared to the GT and GC groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both adhesives with QAMs showed a significant reduction in bacterial metabolic activity, but this effect decreased after water aging. Lower cell viability was observed for the group with the longer alkyl chain-QAM, without significant differences for the bonding ability and degree of conversion. The addition of QAMs in adhesives may affect the keratinocytes viability, and the aging effects maybe decrease the bacterial activity of QAM-doped materials