Quick actuating closure and handling system

A quick activating closure and handling system, which utilizes conical sections for locking, was developed to allow quick access to the combustor internal components of the 8 ft High Temperature Tunnel. These critical components include the existing methane spraybar, a transpiration cooled nozzle and the new liquid oxygen (LOX) injection system housed within the combustor. A substantial cost savings will be realized once the mechanism is installed since it will substantially reduce the access time and increase the time available for conducting wind tunnel tests. A need exists for more frequent inspections when the wind tunnel operates at the more severe conditions generated by using LOX in the combustor. A loads analysis and a structural (finite element) analysis were conducted to verify that the new closure system is compatible with the existing pressure shell. In addition, strain gages were placed on the pressure vessel to verify how the pressure shell reacts to transient pressure loads. A scale model of the new closure system was built to verify the operation of the conical sections in the locking mechanisms

Exploring Impact Philanthropy, Altruistic, Hedonic, and Egoistic Motivations to Support Animal Causes

Due to unpredictable economic turbulence, it is imperative that nonprofit organizations understand and implement segmentation practices to better target donors to maintain continual growth in donations. While such strategies are well implemented in for-profit arenas, non-profit organizations still lag behind in the implementation of segmentation and targeting practices. The targeting of donors by nonprofit organizations tends to be unfocused and sporadic at best. Early research on the practice of segmenting potential donors suggest that nonprofit firms should resist profiling their existing donors based upon demographic characteristics alone and should rely on examining demographic variables in relation to meaningful motivational forces. This study addresses a gap in the literature by examining altruistic, hedonic, impact philanthropy, and egoistic motives in an exploratory fashion to investigate which motivational are the strongest among animal sanctuary supporters. These motivational dimensions are also examined relative to past visitation behavior and membership. In addition, gender and age are examined in the study. A cross-sectional sample of 109 animal sanctuary supporters is obtained from an avian sanctuary in the Southeastern United States and paired sample t-tests were used to examine the relative effects of the motivational dimensions. Results indicate that impact philanthropy was a stronger motivational force than hedonic, altruistic, and egoistic motives. No substantial difference was found between hedonic and altruistic motives while both hedonic and altruistic motives were substantially greater than egoistic motives. In addition, hedonic motives were found to have a substantial relationship with sanctuary membership while past visitation was strongly associated with both impact philanthropy and hedonic motives. As shown in past research women rated higher on altruistic motives while no difference in motives was found based upon age. The results of this study indicate that impact philanthropy may be a major motivational force for donating to animal causes. This finding suggests that animal causes should focus on appeals attractive to impact philanthropists, individuals motivated by the desire to make a difference

Enabling Highly Effective Boiling from Superhydrophobic Surfaces

Avariety of industrial applications such as power generation, water distillation, and high-density cooling rely on heat transfer processes involving boiling. Enhancements to the boiling process can improve the energy efficiency and performance across multiple industries. Highly wetting textured surfaces have shown promise in boiling applications since capillary wicking increases the maximum heat flux that can be dissipated. Conversely, highly nonwetting textured (superhydrophobic) surfaces have been largely dismissed for these applications as they have been shown to promote formation of an insulating vapor film that greatly diminishes heat transfer efficiency. The current Letter shows that boiling from a superhydrophobic surface in an initial Wenzel state, in which the surface texture is infiltrated with liquid, results in remarkably low surface superheat with nucleate boiling sustained up to a critical heat flux typical of hydrophilic wetting surfaces, and thus upends this conventional wisdom. Two distinct boiling behaviors are demonstrated on both micro- and nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces based on the initial wetting state. For an initial surface condition in which vapor occupies the interstices of the surface texture (Cassie- Baxter state), premature film boiling occurs, as has been commonly observed in the literature. However, if the surface texture is infiltrated with liquid (Wenzel state) prior to boiling, drastically improved thermal performance is observed; in this wetting state, the three-phase contact line is pinned during vapor bubble growth, which prevents the development of a vapor film over the surface and maintains efficient nucleate boiling behavior

Measuring Country Images to Explain Product Attitudes

Business Administratio

The Petal Effect of Parahydrophobic Surfaces offers Low Receding Contact Angles that Promote Effective Boiling

Despite extensive study of boiling processes and their widespread use in industry, critical interactions between the fluid and surface during boiling remain poorly understood. Simplistic, static descriptions of the contact angle are still relied upon to describe the effects of surface wettability on dynamic interfacial processes that govern boiling. This work demonstrates the critical role of the dynamic wettability characteristics of a surface on bubble growth dynamics and boiling performance. In spite of their superior nucleation behavior, hydrophobic surfaces have received little attention for boiling applications due to their typically premature transition from efficient nucleate boiling to inefficient film boiling. Evaluation of hydrophobic surfaces with high contact angle hysteresis reveals that the heat transfer efficacy of these surfaces can be exploited in boiling, so long as the receding contact angle of the surface is sufficiently small to mitigate vapor spreading and thereby extend the nucleate boiling regime. A new paradigm of textured boiling surfaces – parahydrophobic surfaces that exhibit the “petal effect” and mimic the wetting behavior of a rose petal – are shown to have untapped potential in boiling applications resulting from highly hydrophobic behavior coupled with low receding contact angles

A Comparison of Generalizability for Anomaly Detection

In security-related areas there is concern over the novel “zeroday” attack that penetrates system defenses and wreaks havoc. The best methods for countering these threats are recognizing “non-self” as in an Artificial Immune System or recognizing “self” through clustering. For either case, the concern remains that something that looks similar to self could be missed. Given this situation one could logically assume that a tighter fit to self rather than generalizability is important for false positive reduction in this type of learning problem. This article shows that a tight fit, although important, does not supersede having some model generality. This is shown using three systems. The first two use sphere and ellipsoid clusters with a k-means algorithm modified to work on the one-class/blind classification problem. The third is based on wrapping the self points with a multidimensional convex hull (polytope) algorithm capable of learning disjunctive concepts via a thresholding constant. All three of these algorithms are tested on an intrusion detection problem and a steganalysis problem with results exceeding published results using an Artificial Immune System

LaRC design analysis report for National Transonic Facility for 304 stainless steel tunnel shell. Volume 4S: Thermal analysis

For abstract, see N76-33552

LaRC design analysis report for National Transonic Facility for 304 stainless steel tunnel shell. Volume 7S: Special studies

For abstract, see N76-33552

LaRC design analysis report for national transonic facility for 9% nickel tunnel shell. Volume 7: Special studies

For abstract, see N76-33543

LaRC design analysis report for National Transonic Facility for 9% nickel tunnel shell. Volume 3: Finite element analysis of plenum region including side access reinforcement, side access door and angle of attack penetration

For abstract, see N76-33543