Stakeholder analysis for a maternal and newborn health project in Eastern Uganda

Background Based on the realization that Uganda is not on track to achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, Makerere University School of Public Health in collaboration with other partners proposed to conduct two community based maternal/newborn care interventions aimed at increasing access to health facility care through transport vouchers and use of community health workers to promote ideal family care practices. Prior to the implementation, a stakeholder analysis was undertaken to assess and map stakeholders’ interests, influence/power and position in relation to the interventions; their views regarding the success and sustainability; and how this research can influence policy formulation in the country. Methods A stakeholder analysis was carried out in March 2011 at national level and in four districts of Eastern Uganda where the proposed interventions would be conducted. At the national level, four key informant interviews were conducted with the ministry of health representative, Member of Parliament, and development partners. District health team members were interviewed and also engaged in a workshop; and at community level, twelve focus group discussions were conducted among women, men and motorcycle transporters. Results This analysis revealed that district and community level stakeholders were high level supporters of the proposed interventions but not drivers. At community level the mothers, their spouses and transporters were of low influence due to the limited funds they possessed. National level and district stakeholders believed that the intervention is costly and cannot be affordably scaled up. They advised the study team to mobilize and sensitize the communities to contribute financially from the start in order to enhance sustainability beyond the study period. Stakeholders believed that the proposed interventions will influence policy through modeling on how to improve the quality of maternal/newborn health services, male involvement, and improved accessibility of services. Conclusion Most of the stakeholders interviewed were supporters of the proposed maternal and newborn care intervention because of the positive benefits of the intervention. The analysis highlighted stakeholder concerns that will be included in the final project design and that could also be useful in countries of similar setting that are planning to set up programmes geared at increasing access to maternal and new born interventions. Key among these concerns was the need to use both human and financial resources that are locally available in the community, to address supply side barriers that influence access to maternal and child healthcare. Research to policy translation, therefore, will require mutual trust, continued dialogue and engagement of the researchers, implementers and policy makers to enable scale up.UKai

Pratos e mais pratos: louças domésticas, divisões culturais e limites sociais no Rio de Janeiro, século XIX

Reply to ten comments on a paper published in the last issue of this journal. The discussion follows along six main lines: History museums, identity, ideology and the category of nation; the need of material collections and their modalities: patrimonial, operational, virtual; theater versus laboratory; visitors and their ambiguities; Public History: the museum and the academy.Resposta aos comentários de dez especialistas que contribuíram no debate de texto publicado no último número desta revista. A discussão orientou-se segundo seis tópicos principais: museus históricos, identidade, ideologia e a categoria de nação; a necessidade de acervos materiais e suas modalidades: acervo patrimonial, operacional, virtual; teatro versus laboratório; o público e suas ambigüidades; História Pública: o museu e a Academia

Institutional Care for the Mentally Deficient with Special Reference to the Nebraska Institution for the Feeble-Minded

This study and evaluation of Nebraska’s care for the mentally deficient was undertaken, with the consent of the Board of Control in order to learn more about its present program, and to provide a basis for further research and planning. Part I was limited to a brief resume of Nebraska’s progress, with tables indicating the Institution’s trend of growth both in population and cost. The writer spend about ten days at the Walter E. Fernald School, Waverly, Massachusetts, and at Letchworth Village, Thiells, New York, studying the individual program of each institution. The information obtained furnished the basis for the material in Part II. Later, the writer spend about five days at the Nebraska Institution for the Feeble-Minded, Beatrice, Nebraska, observing its program and practices. The data secured is incorporated in Part III. As a result of the total study, Part IV offers some general conclusions regarding the present institutional program for the mentally deficient in Nebraska. Advisor: Hattie Plum William

Institutional Care for the Mentally Deficient with Special Reference to the Nebraska Institution for the Feeble-Minded

This study and evaluation of Nebraska’s care for the mentally deficient was undertaken, with the consent of the Board of Control in order to learn more about its present program, and to provide a basis for further research and planning. Part I was limited to a brief resume of Nebraska’s progress, with tables indicating the Institution’s trend of growth both in population and cost. The writer spend about ten days at the Walter E. Fernald School, Waverly, Massachusetts, and at Letchworth Village, Thiells, New York, studying the individual program of each institution. The information obtained furnished the basis for the material in Part II. Later, the writer spend about five days at the Nebraska Institution for the Feeble-Minded, Beatrice, Nebraska, observing its program and practices. The data secured is incorporated in Part III. As a result of the total study, Part IV offers some general conclusions regarding the present institutional program for the mentally deficient in Nebraska. Advisor: Hattie Plum William

Social Darwinism in Anglophone Academic Journals: A Contribution to the History of the Term

This essay is a partial history of the term ‘Social Darwinism’. Using large electronic databases, it is shown that the use of the term in leading Anglophone academic journals was rare up to the 1940s. Citations of the term were generally disapproving of the racist or imperialist ideologies with which it was associated. Neither Herbert Spencer nor William Graham Sumner were described as Social Darwinists in this early literature. Talcott Parsons (1932, 1934, 1937) extended the meaning of the term to describe any extensive use of ideas from biology in the social sciences. Subsequently, Richard Hofstadter (1944) gave the use of the term a huge boost, in the context of a global anti-fascist war.Peer reviewe