Underlying Theoretical Components of the Functional Movement Screen

The purpose of this study was to determine the number of constructs that can be identified in the Functional Movement Screen and determine which of the individual tests loaded into each construct. Three hundred and thirty male and female subjects, between the ages of 17 and 24, were recruited from a division I varsity athletics program. Subjects were asked to wear athletic shorts, a fitted athletic shirt, and athletic shoes. All subjects completed all seven FMS tests (Deep Squat, Hurdle Step, In-Line Lunge, Shoulder Mobility, Active Straight-Leg Raise, Trunk Stability Push-Up, and Rotational Stability). Athletes who completed the screen immediately following sport participation were excluded (N= 6) and those who wore ankle braces or any high-top shoe were also excluded (N=2). Two athletes were excluded because they suffered from delayed onset muscle soreness that inhibited their ability to perform the screen. One athlete was removed from the study because of a wrist injury that prevented the completion of all seven tests. Each test was completed, at most, three times and the best score was used for the final score. The FMS tests were evaluated on a four-point grading scale, 0-3, with a possible total score of 21. After exclusion criteria were evaluated, 319 subjects’ data was analyzed for this study. Of those who completed the screen 283 (88.3%) had no previous knowledge of the FMS and 36 (11.3%) had previously done the screen. Age of subjects was 19.7 ± 1.4 years. Subjects’ height was 178.1 ± 0.7 cm and weight was 73.7 ± 14 kg. Fourteen varsity sports were included in this study. Data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were also calculated. The exploratory factor analysis revealed that six of the seven items fit into three factors that met the criteria of an eigenvalue of 1.0 or greater and had a portion of more than 5% of the variance. Factor 1 included deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, and active straight leg raise and accounted for 9.8% of the variance. Theoretically, these four tests loaded together because they all test lower extremity mobility and stability. All of the tests within this factor require proper mobility of the ankle, knee, and hip for the exercise to be done correctly. Factor 2 included the rotary stability test and accounted for 5.5% of the variance. This is the only test within the FMS that has the individual in a quadruped position. Further, the rotary stability test measures stability of the core, shoulders, and pelvis in a multi-plane movement pattern. Factor 3 included the push-up test and accounted for 5.1% of the variance. This test is the only test that challenges the upper body in a closed-kinetic chain manner and assesses spinal stability in a neutral position. Overall, these 3 factors accounted for 20.4% of the variance in the performance of the functional movement screen. For this analysis, the suppression threshold was set at 0.3. At this threshold, each test only loaded into one factor. The shoulder mobility did not load onto any factor. Overall, this study is the starting point in establishing a theoretical framework for the FMS.Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Graduate School In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree Master of Sciences In the Department of Kinesiology of, Indiana Universit

Apollonius of Perga: Historical Background and Conic Sections

Apollonius of Perga greatly contributed to geometry, specifically in the area of conics. Through the study of the “Golden Age” of Greek mathematics from about 300 to 200 B.C., Apollonius, who lived from about 262 to 190 B.C., is seen as an innovative geometer whose theories were eventually proved factual. By investigating his theorems on how the different kinds of conic sections are formed, the standard equations for each conic will be better understood. The achievements that have been made as a result of conics include flashlights to whispering galleries

HPLC Analysis of Amino Acids in Algae

Undergraduate Basi

Dismantling Tools of the Incompetent: Exploring Cultural Competence Training in Undergraduate Education Policy and Education Studies Programs

Cultural competence is described as a set of skills, values, and principles that acknowledge, respect, and work toward optimal interactions between the individual and the various cultural and ethnic groups with which an individual might come into contact. Scholars have been critical of cultural competence training because the three-dimensional approach which is its foundation fails to address institutional and systemic racism. I posit that undergraduate programs should provide training, so graduates are culturally competent entering their respective fields. I examined cultural competence training within education policy and studies undergraduate programs because these graduates will work within education at all levels from the federal government to the classroom impacting student success. I conducted a qualitative study utilizing document analysis of ten education policy and studies programs across the country. Based on my analysis of program overviews, program courses, course descriptions, course syllabi and website visuals, I found that programs were implementing cultural competence training using a more robust three-dimensional approach. There were however some shortcomings as framed in the literature that each program needed to overcome to implement the most effective levels of cultural competence training, including explicit reference and acknowledgement of racism. These findings suggest that education policy and studies programs are developing more culturally competent graduates, but there are additional practices that could be incorporated to ensure the highest level of cultural competence is achieved

A Critical Analysis of the Utilization of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Psychotherapy with African American Clients

Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapeutic intervention designed to decrease distress associated with traumatic memories. EMDR has been validated and confirmed by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) as a primary treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and has been recognized as effective by the World Health Organization and the Department of Defense. Multiple studies reflect EMDR’s capacity to heal the brain from psychological trauma; thus, clients are able to immediately experience the benefits of psychotherapy that previously took years to obtain. However, despite EMDR’s efficacy, there are minimal references to diversity, culture or context in EMDR research and literature. EMDR protocol has no adaptations or recommendations for utilizing this approach with African American clients, promoting an antiquated one size fits all treatment orientation. Without consideration of the lived experiences of African Americans and context that includes acknowledgement of stigma, shame regarding help seeking and historical trauma, this lens obscures the relevance of identity, privilege, power and inclusion in treatment. Therefore, it is imperative to critically examine how EMDR treatment can be utilized to alleviate PTSD distress within a framework of oppression. The authors utilized an anti-oppressive, Critical Race theoretical perspective to examine four case studies of African American clients who received EMDR intervention to gain insight on the unique nuances that arise during treatment. Emphasis will be placed on critiquing the treatment protocol; the positionality of the clinician and clinical implications for future anti-oppressive practice with African American clients utilizing this model

Technical Report relating to CVE-2022-46480, CVE-2023-26941, CVE-2023-26942, and CVE-2023-26943

The following technical report provides background information relating to four CVEs found in the following products: Ultraloq UL3 BT (CVE-2022-46480); Yale Conexis L1 Smart Lock (CVE-2023-26941); Yale IA-210 Intruder Alarm (CVE-2023-26942); Yale Keyless Smart Lock (CVE-2023-26943). The work discussed here was carried out by Ash Allen, Dr. Alexios Mylonas, and Dr. Stilianos Vidalis as part of a wider research project into smart device security. Responsible disclosure of all four issues has been made with the appropriate vendors, and they have been acknowledged as vulnerabilities

Modulation of stem cell delivery strategy by platelet lysate utilization and cell aggregation for enhanced bone regeneration

Challenges to control delivered cell behavior, including viability and differentiation, remain a significant barrier to the translation of cell-based bone tissue engineering strategies. Our research objectives were to evaluate a bioluminescent imaging (BLI) technique for the longitudinal monitoring of delivered mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) number and subsequently evaluate the effect of two MSC delivery strategies on cell survival and facilitated bone regeneration. A BLI protocol for tracking MSCs implanted subcutaneously within an alginate/mesh delivery platform was successfully established, during which the potential role of confounding factors, including fibrotic and vascular tissue development, on BLI signal correlation strength was highlighted. The utility of human platelet lysate (hPL) as a pre-treatment or co-delivery strategy was subsequently evaluated. While hPL utilization did not improve delivered hMSC survival nor promote construct vasculature within an immunocompromised rat model, limitations in the applicability of hPL pre-clinical testing via rodent testbeds were identified. Finally, the effect of MSC aggregation was investigated. Within an immunocompromised rat model, delivery of spheroids had no impact on cell survival, construct vascularization, nor critically-sized bone defect repair. When examined within a syngeneic rodent model, rMSC aggregates elicited a surviving cell fraction and construct vasculature comparable to that of single cell delivery. Despite in vitro observation that the osteoinductive potential of alginate/mesh constructs was increased with rMSC seeding, delivery of rMSC-containing treatments to the femoral defect space attenuated bone repair. Overall, this research implemented a novel imaging platform to relate key cell-based tissue regeneration metrics, namely delivered cell survival, construct vasculature, and functional outcomes, in an effort to elucidate fundamental principles for development of an effective MSC-based large bone defect therapeutic strategy. Importantly, this body of work also drew attention to several aspects of rodent model selection including xenogenicity, cross-reactivity, and biological variability.Ph.D

Theory Building as Integrated Reflection: Understanding Physician Reflection Through Human Communication Research, Medical Education, and Ethics

Grounded in a presupposition that a single explanatory framework cannot fully account for the expansive learning processes that occur during medical residency, the article examines developing physicians’ reflective writing from three disciplinary lenses. The goal is to understand how the multi-dimensional nature of medical residency translates into assembling educational experiences and constructing meaning that cannot be fully explained through a single discipline. An interdisciplinary research team across medical education, communication, and ethics qualitatively analyzed reflective entries (N=756) completed by family medicine residents (N=33) across an academic year. Results provide evidence for moving toward an integrated thematic explanation across disciplines. The authors suggest that the integration of disciplinary explanations allows for comprehensive understanding of reflection as a cornerstone in the broader formation of the physician. Examples provide evidence for an integrated understanding of a fuller human experience by considering the three thematic explanations as co-occurring, reciprocal processes