637 research outputs found
Generalized Boltzmann equation for a trapped Bose-condensed gas using the Kadanoff-Baym formalism
Using the Kadanoff-Baym non-equilibrium Green's function formalism, we derive
kinetic equations for the non-condensate atoms at finite temperatures which
include the effect of binary collisions between atoms. The effect of collisions
is included using the second-order self-energy given by the Beliaev (gapless)
approximation. We limit our discussion to finite temperatures where we can use
the single-particle Hartree-Fock spectrum for the excited atoms. In this limit,
we can neglect the off-diagonal propagators ( and
). As expected, this leads to the kinetic equations and
collision integrals used in recent work by Zaremba, Nikuni, and Griffin (ZNG)
[1]. We also derive a consistent equation of motion for the condensate
wavefunction, involving a finite-temperature generalization of the well-known
Gross-Pitaevskii equation which includes a dissipative term, as well as the
mean field of the non-condensate.Comment: Given at the workshop on ``Kadanoff-Baym Equations'', Rostock, Sept.
20-24, 1999. To be published in the proceedings by World Scientifi
The Beliaev Broken Symmetry Description of Superfluidity vs the Classical-Field Approach
The standard theoretical basis for understanding superfluidity in Bose
systems was formulated by Beliaev in 1957, based on splitting the quantum field
operator into a macroscopically occupied condensate component and a
non-condensate component. This leads to a description of the condensate in
terms of a 'single-particle state', the so-called macroscopic wavefunction.
Since the discovery of Bose-condensed gases, an alternative theoretical picture
has been developed which is based on a 'coherent band' of classically occupied
states. This is often called the classical or c-field approach. The goal of
this chapter is to review the differences between the Beliaev broken symmetry
and c-field approach, and to argue that the c-field concept of a coherent
condensate band of states has problems as a description of Bose superfluidity.
However, the c-field idea of treating the lowest energy excitations classically
can be used to advantage to simplify calculations within the Beliaev
broken-symmetry formalism.Comment: 6 pages. Unedited version of chapter to appear in Quantum Gases:
Finite Temperature and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics (Vol. 1 Cold Atoms Series).
N.P. Proukakis, S.A. Gardiner, M.J. Davis and M.H. Szymanska, eds. Imperial
College Press, London (in press). See
http://www.icpress.co.uk/physics/p817.html v2: Added arXiv cross-reference
Landau damping of Bogoliubov excitations in optical lattices at finite temperature
We study the damping of Bogoliubov excitations in an optical lattice at
finite temperatures. For simplicity, we consider a Bose-Hubbard tight-binding
model and limit our analysis to the lowest excitation band. We use the Popov
approximation to calculate the temperature dependence of the number of
condensate atoms in each lattice well. We calculate the Landau
damping of a Bogoliubov excitation in an optical lattice due to coupling to a
thermal cloud of excitations. While most of the paper concentrates on 1D
optical lattices, we also briefly present results for 2D and 3D lattices. For
energy conservation to be satisfied, we find that the excitations in the
collision process must exhibit anomalous dispersion ({\it i.e.} the excitation
energy must bend upward at low momentum), as also exhibited by phonons in
superfluid . This leads to the sudden disappearance of all damping
processes in -dimensional simple cubic optical lattice when , where is the on-site interaction, and is the hopping matrix
element. Beliaev damping in a 1D optical lattice is briefly discussed.Comment: 28 pages, 9 figure
Stratigraphy and Structure of Central Maine
Guidebook for field trips in east-central and north-central Maine: 66th annual meeting October 12 and 13, 1974: Trip B-
Damping of Bogoliubov Excitations in Optical Lattices
Extending recent work to finite temperatures, we calculate the Landau damping
of a Bogoliubov excitation in an optical lattice, due to coupling to a thermal
cloud of such excitations. For simplicity, we consider a 1D Bose-Hubbard model
and restrict ourselves to the first energy band. For energy conservation to be
satisfied, the excitations in the collision processes must exhibit ``anomalous
dispersion'', analogous to phonons in superfluid . This leads to the
disappearance of all damping processes when , where is
the on-site interaction, is the hopping matrix element and
is the number of condensate atoms at a lattice site. This phenomenon also
occurs in 2D and 3D optical lattices. The disappearance of Beliaev damping
above a threshold wavevector is noted.Comment: 4pages, 5figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.The article analyzes the peculiarities of post-industrial production, the features of modern development of socio-economic systems, the necessity for a claim of more sophisticated approaches to the process of development management, analyzes the necessity of studying the characteristics of innovation as an element of the conceptual apparatus of the system of innovative development from the point of view of the materialist dialectic of modern wave theory of development and the importance in this process neoplasm
Shiny Apps: The Evolution of Extension Tools from Spreadsheets to New Interactive Dashboards
The Interactive web dashboard is the newness with characteristics and features that are replacing the status quo downloading spreadsheets. RStudio is the program used to create Shiny Apps dashboards with R. We explain some of those features so that Extension specialists can adopt the methodology, engage stakeholders, and help them understand and apply results to their production systems, although we do not explain the creation process step by step. Our approach offers not only a useful and modern way to disseminate information to empower decision-making, but also a safe environment in which data can be automatically updated and users cannot inadvertently corrupt the tool
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