Sonification, Musification, and Synthesis of Absolute Program Music

Presented at the 22nd International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD-2016)When understood as a communication system, a musical work can be interpreted as data existing within three domains. In this interpretation an absolute domain is interposed as a communication channel between two programatic domains that act respectively as source and receiver. As a source, a programatic domain creates, evolves, organizes, and represents a musical work. When acting as a receiver it re-constitutes acoustic signals into unique auditory experience. The absolute domain transmits physical vibrations ranging from the stochastic structures of noise to the periodic waveforms of organized sound. Analysis of acoustic signals suggest recognition as a musical work requires signal periodicity to exceed some minimum. A methodological framework that satisfies recent definitions of sonification is outlined. This framework is proposed to extend to musification through incorporation of data features that represent more traditional elements of a musical work such as melody, harmony, and rhythm

Quo vadimus? The 21st Century and multimedia

The concept is related of computer driven multimedia to the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program (STIP). Multimedia is defined here as computer integration and output of text, animation, audio, video, and graphics. Multimedia is the stage of computer based information that allows access to experience. The concepts are also drawn in of hypermedia, intermedia, interactive multimedia, hypertext, imaging, cyberspace, and virtual reality. Examples of these technology developments are given for NASA, private industry, and academia. Examples of concurrent technology developments and implementations are given to show how these technologies, along with multimedia, have put us at the threshold of the 21st century. The STI Program sees multimedia as an opportunity for revolutionizing the way STI is managed

The measurement of frequency and frequency stability of precision oscillators

The specification and performance of precision oscillators is discussed as a very important topic to the owners and users of these oscillators. This paper presents at the tutorial level some convenient methods of measuring the frequencies of precision oscillators -- giving advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Further it is shown that by processing the data from the frequency measurements in certain ways, one may be able to state more general characteristics of the oscillators being measured. The goal in this regard is to allow the comparisons of different manufacturers' specifications and more importantly to help assess whether these oscillators will meet the standard of performance the user may have in a particular application

Role of urate, xanthine oxidase and the effects of allopurinol in vascular oxidative stress

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of vascular endothelial dysfunction. The two major systems generating vascular oxidative stress are the NADPH oxidase and the xanthine oxidase pathways. Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, has been in clinical use for over 40 years in the treatment of chronic gout. Allopurinol has also been shown to improve endothelial dysfunction, reduce oxidative stress burden and improve myocardial efficiency by reducing oxygen consumption in smaller mechanistic studies involving various cohorts at risk of cardiovascular events. This article aims to explain the role of xanthine oxidase in vascular oxidative stress and to explore the mechanisms by which allopurinol is thought to improve vascular and myocardial indices