The Prevalence of Self-Reported Halitosis and Oral Hygiene Practices among Libyan Students and Office Workers

Aims:The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of self-reported halitosis, oral hygiene practices and related diseases among Libyan students and employees.Methods: Six hundred self-administered structured questionnaires were used to investigate self-perception of halitosis and oral hygiene practices among a group of Libyan volunteers. Chi square test was used to detect significant differences between frequencies and to test correlation between self-perception of halitosis and measures of oral hygiene. Results: Forty three percent of the subjects were males and 57% were females. Forty four percent of the males and 54% of the females revealed self-perception malodour. Malodour was reported with the highest frequency (68%) during wake up time. Malodour was perceived by 31.7% of the females and 23.4% of the males during the hand-on-mouth test (p=0.04). Significantly more females (89.9%) than males (75.7%) practiced brushing (p<0.001). Fifty one percent of the males and 49.6% of females had dental caries. Smoking was significantly (p<0.001) more prevalent among males (17%) than among females (1%). Brushing was practiced by 85% of non-smokers and 68% of smokers (p=0.004). About 71% of the subjects who practiced brushing reported malodour during wake up time in comparison to subjects who did not practice brushing (p=0.041). Conclusions: The prevalence of self-perceived malodour among the Libyan volunteers in this study is within the range of other studies. There is a great demand to reduce the incidence of dental caries and periodontal diseases

Oral Candida Colonization and Risk Factors Among Type-II Diabetic Individuals IADR Abstract Archives

Oral Candida Colonization and Risk Factors Among Type-II DiabeticIndividuals Objectives : The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to ascertain and compare theprevalence of diff erent Candida species isolated from tongue dorsa and saliva samplesamong type-II diabetic and non-diabetic individuals from Ras-Al-Khaimah. Furthermore,associated risk factors for Candida colonization and their biofi lm production ability werealso studied. Methods : The study involved 126 adult individuals. There were 63 diabetic individuals inthe test group and 63 non-diabetic individuals in the control group. Tongue scrapingtechnique and spitting method were used for sample collection. Candida speciesidentifi cation was performed using Sabouraud Dextrose agar, CHROM agar culture andgerm tube test. Risk factors aff ecting Candida colonization were evaluated by clinical oralexamination and survey. Biofi lm production was assessed using crystal-violet microtiterplate method. Results: Candida species were detected in (39.7%) of diabetic individuals compared to(20%) in the control group (P<0.05). C. albicans followed by C. glabrata were the mostprevalent species in both diabetic and control groups. C.tropicalis and C.parapsilosis were isolated only from the diabetic group. Diabetic individuals with dry mouth, poor oralhygiene and low saliva pH levels had signifi cantly higher Candida colonization (P<0.05).Increased biofi lm production was observed in the diabetic group (40%) as compared to thecontrol group (23%). Conclusions: In our study, C. albicans emerged as the most prevalent species isolated fromtype-II diabetic individuals in Ras-Al-Khaimah population. Poor oral hygiene, xerostomiaand low saliva pH were found to be contributing factors for Candida colonization in type-IIdiabetic individuals. The study is the fi rst study from the United Arab Emirates to screenimmunocompromised diabetic individuals for oral Candida colonization. The highprevalence rate along with the increased biofi lm production among diabetic individualsestablishes the pathogenic potential of Candida as an opportunistic pathogen. Our studyreiterates the importance of oral screening of opportunistic fungal pathogens especiallyamong immunocompromised population. Division: Meeting: 2021 IADR/AADR/CADR General Session (Virtual Experience) Location: Year: 2021RAK College off Dental Sciences, UA

Massive maxillary radicular cyst presenting as facial fracture and abscess, a case report

Radicular cysts arise from non-vital teeth. They are inflammatory in nature and are the most common cystic lesion found in the jaw. We present a case of a massive maxillary radicular cyst in a 20 year-old man, diagnosed following an alleged assault and facial fracture. Subsequent abscess formation was initially thought to be infection secondary to haematoma due to fracture, but further investigation showed that it was to be due to a massive cyst

Prevalence of Stylohyoid Complex Elongation among Patients Attending RAK College of Dental Sciences Clinic

Cilj: Željela se istražiti prevalencija izduženja stilohioidnog kompleksa među pacijentima koji su se liječili u klinici za stomatološke znanosti RAK. Materijal i metode: Analizirana su 3234 rendgenska snimka pacijenata u dobi ≥ 18 godina. Primijenjena je klasifikacija stilohioidnog kompleksa prema O’Carrollu (1984.). Zabilježeni su i analizirani dob, spol, nacionalnost ispitanika i obrasci kalcifikacije. Za otkrivanje potencijalnih razlika upotrijebljeni su testovi Chi-kvadrat i ANOVA. Rezultati: Odnos muškaraca i žena bio je 1,9 : 1. U dobnoj skupini I (18 – 39) bilo je 1150 (35,6 %) ispitanika, a u dobnoj skupini II (≥ 40) 2084 (64,4 %). Srednja dob iznosila je 38,12 (± 13,2) godina. Pedeset sedam posto (1836) ispitanika bili su istočni Azijci, 671 (21 %) bio je Afrikanac, 325 (10 %) bilo je s Bliskog istoka, 254 (8 %) iz Europe i 148 (4 %) ostalih nacionalnosti. Normalan stilohioidni kompleks pronađen je na 1601 (49,51 %) snimki, izduženi na 903 (27,92 %), kalcificirani na 406 (12,55 %), a na 324 (10,2 %) nije otkriven. Izduženi i kalcificirani stiloidni nastavci bili su češći kod muškaraca (p = 0,0078). Također su bili češći kod ispitanika iz skupine II. (p = 0,0004). Istočni Azijci imali su veći postotak izduženih i kalcificiranih stiloidnih nastavaka (p = 0,00567). Zaključak: Iako je 1601 (49,51%) ispitanik imalo normalan stiloidni nastavak, istraživanje je otkrilo visoku prevalenciju njegova izduženja među istočnim Azijcima. Postoji snažna korelacija između dobi i izduženja stiloidnog nastavka. Važno je uključiti simptome glave i vrata neodontogenog podrijetla u diferencijalnu dijagnozu Eagleova sindroma. Preporučuju se daljnja istraživanja primjenom naprednih tehnika snimanja.Objective: To investigate into the prevalence of the SP complex elongation among patients attending RAK Dental College Clinic. Material and Methods: A 3234 radiographic images of patients aged ≥18 years were examined. The O’Carroll (1984) classification of stylohyoid complex was used. Age, gender, ethnicity and patterns of calcification were recorded and analyzed. Chi-squared and ANOVA tests were used to detect potential differences. Results: Male to female ratio was 1.9:1. There were 1150 (35.6%) subjects in age group-I (18-39) and 2084 (64.4%) subjects in the age group-II (≥40). The mean age was 38.12 (±13.2). Fifty seven % (1836) of the subjects were eastern Asians, 671 (21%) Africans, 325 (10%) Middle east, 254 (8%) Europe, and 148 (4%) other ethnicities. A normal SP was found in 1601 (49.51%) of the images, elongated in 903 (27.92%), calcified in 406 (12.55) and undetected in 324 (10.2 %). The elongated and the calcified styloid processes were more common in males (p=0.0078). The elongated and the calcified SP were more frequent in group II subjects (p=0.0004). Eastern Asians had higher percentage of elongated and calcified SP p= 0.00567. Conclusion: Although 1601 (49.51%) of subjects had normal SP, the study revealed a high prevalence of SP elongation among eastern Asians. There is a strong association between the age and the SP elongation. It is crucial to include the head and neck symptoms of non-odontogenic origin in the differential diagnosis of Eagle’s syndrome. The study recommends further investigation using some advanced imaging techniques

Gingival Depigmentation Using Diode 980 nm and Erbium-YAG 2940 nm Lasers: A Split-Mouth Clinical Comparative Study

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of diode laser (980 nm) and erbium-YAG laser (2940 nm) for gum depigmentation. Background. Gingival hyperpigmentation, “black gum,” refers to black discrete single or multiple pigments on the gingiva. Several factors may play a role in gingival hyperpigmentation ranging from physiologic pigmentation to manifestations of systemic diseases. Several techniques have been used for gingival depigmentation to lighten its color. Methods. Fifteen patients exhibiting nonsmoking melanin hyperpigmentation, with the mean age of 28.6 ± 7.8 years, were recruited. The facial gingiva of the anterior teeth and premolars of each jaw was divided into two halves. The right or left side of each jaw quadrant randomly received either diode laser operating at 980 nm wavelength or erbium-YAG laser at 2940 nm. Parameters such as degree of gingival depigmentation, bleeding, pain, patient satisfaction, and wound healing were assessed and compared between the two techniques. The subjects were followed up to six months for melanin pigmentation recurrence. Results. Both techniques were efficient for gingival depigmentation. Nevertheless, bleeding during surgery was statistically higher for Er:YAG laser technique as compared to diode laser. Wound healing showed statistically nonsignificant differences between the two lasers, although Er:YAG seems to give better outcomes than the diode. The patients were satisfied with both laser techniques during and after gingival depigmentation. However, the pain score was higher for Er:YAG laser than for diode laser. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that both lasers’ techniques are efficient for gingival depigmentation. However, diode laser seems to show less painful experience and relatively better bleeding control

Guidelines for Patients with Bleeding Disorders Undergoing Dentalveolar Surgeries

Dental practitioners must be well informed about the pathology, complications and treatment options associated with bleeding disorders patients. Prolongation of bleeding time can seriously complicate the patient’s condition during and after surgery, especially if there is iron deficiency anemia or any other condition accompanied by a decrease in hematopoiesis. For this reason, the dentist surgeon must be aware about the presence of such diseases in advance, in order to prevent the development of bleeding and its undesirable consequences promptly. Blood loss becomes apparent when blood exits through a natural opening in the body, for instance the nose & mouth. In this article, common medical bleeding situations with the potential to compromise the successful outcome of dental surgical procedures have been presented. Bleeding disorders is a disease group, which can be classified as deficiencies of coagulation factors, platelet disorders, vascular disorders, fibrinolytic defects and so on. Fragile blood vessels can cause bleeding, petechiae, bruising, etc. In most cases, vascular disease does not cause serious blood loss, with the exception of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. In this paper, we discuss the most common hereditary diseases associated with a deficiency of plasma coagulation factors VIII and IX, the disease of platelet deficiency (Glansman disease), the prophylaxis of bleeding in this kind of patients, and the effect of drugs on coagulation processes as well

Expression of Mast Cell Major Basic Protein in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Role of mast cells and eosinophils in oral tumours is not yet well define. Good and poor outcomes have been associated with eosinophils and mast cell abundant oral tumours. Major basic protein is one of the principal and specific proteins present in eosinophils. It is implicated in many pathological conditions including allergic reactions, parasitic infections and activation and stimulation of cells to produce cytokines. The protein was thought to be exclusively present in the eosinophil granules. However, a recent study revealed its presence in mast cells as well. In this brief article, the authors confirm the presence of major basic protein in mast cells associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma. This finding may doubts the validity of using anti-major basic protein as eosinophil specific. Furthermore, labelling eosinophils using anti-major basic protein antibodies as a marker would mistake mast cells as eosinophils. More importantly, the finding will better aid in understanding some of the mysterious function of MC in tumour

Significance of neo-angiogenesis and immuno-surveillance cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

Neo-angiogenesis is an essential process in physiological and pathological conditions. However, it is a complex process. Several studies demonstrated that intra-tumoural microvessel number is a significant predictor of metastasis and clinical outcome in many tumours, including oral malignancies. The immuno-surveillance cells, mast cells and eosinophils are implicated in the biological behaviour of tumours. Nevertheless, their function in tissues is uncertain. Mast cells are involved in homeostatic regulation of blood vessels as well as host defence. In some malignancies, high mast cell density has been found to correlate with favourable prognosis. However, others reported unfavourable associations. Tumour associated tissue eosinophilia is a well-known phenomena. It has been associated with good and poor prognosis. However, the role of eosinophils in tumours remains controversial. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the prognostic value of microvessel, mast cell and eosinophil densities in the context of clinico-pathological parameters and survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Keywords: Tongue squamous cell carcinoma; Angiogenesis; Mast cells; Eosinophils, Survival Libyan Journal of Medicine Vol. 2 (1) 200