Neutrosophic Bitopological Spaces

WOS: 000502521500006In this study, bitopological structure which is a more general structure than topological spaces is built on neutrosophic sets. The necessary arguments which are pairwise neutrosophic open set, pairwise neutrosophic closed set, pairwise neutrosophic closure, pairwise neutrosophic interior are defined and their basic properties are presented. The relations of these concepts with their counterparts in neutrosophic topological spaces are given and many examples are presented

Otkrivanje i molekularna karakterizacija psećeg adenovirusa tipa 2 (CAV-2) kod pasa sa simptomima dišnog sustava držanih u skloništima u Turskoj

Canine adenoviruses are agents responsible for two different infections in Canidae. While canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) causes contagious hepatitis (HCC) in dogs, canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) is responsible for infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT). CAV-2, especially in the respiratory tract, leads to an infection that can result in death in young and cohabitant animals. In public housing such as shelters, in addition to opportunistic infections, a disorder defined as canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) may also occur frequently. In this study, 155 nasal swabs were collected from dogs in two shelters where cases of respiratory system infections were closely monitored. These samples were tested for CAV-2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers designed for the CAV E3 (Early) gene. Positive amplicons were subjected to DNA sequencing. CAV-2 nucleic acids were present in 2.5% (4/155) of the test samples. The phylogenetic assessment of the amplicon sequences revealed a 97.7%-98.9% similarity in the local viruses. The partial sequence analyses of the E3 gene of CAV-2 showed that Turkish and Chinese strains have differences in 9 amino acids. These differences redounded on phylogenetic analyses, and the virus which was considered as a single group, is now subdivided into two subgroups. One subgroup comprises American-European isolates and the other one consists of Turkish and Chinese isolates, so this subdivision can be classified into at least two subgroups, designated China-Turkey and America-Europe. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has examined the possible role of CAV-2 in respiratory system infections in dogs in Turkey, to provide novel and updated information regarding CAV-2.Adenovirusi su uzročnici odgovorni za dvije različite infekcije u pasa. Dok pseći adenovirus tipa 1 (CAV-1) uzrokuje zarazni hepatitis (HCC), pseći adenovirus tipa 2 (CAV-2) odgovoran je za zarazni laringotraheitis (ILT). CAV-2, osobito u dišnom sustavu, uzrokuje infekciju sa smrtnim ishodom kod mladih životinja i onih koje žive u zajednicama. U javnim objektima kao što su skloništa, osim oportunističkih infekcija, učestao je i poremećaj koji se definira kao pseća zarazna bolest dišnih puteva (CIRD). Tijekom ovog istraživanja prikupljeno je 155 uzoraka krvi od pasa držanih u dva skloništa u kojima su pažljivo praćeni slučajevi infekcija dišnog sustava. Uzorci su testirani na CAV-2 primjenom lančane reakcije polimerazom (PCR), uz upotrebu početnica oblikovanih za gen CAV E3 (Early). Pozitivni su amplikoni podvrgnuti sekvenciranju DNA. CAV-2 nukleinske kiseline bile su prisutne u 2,5 % (4/155) istraženih uzoraka. Filogenetska analiza sekvencija amplikona otkrila je u lokalnim virusima 97,7 - 98,9 % sličnosti. Analize parcijalnih sekvencija gena CAV-2 E3 pokazale su da turski i kineski sojevi imaju razlike u 9 aminokiselina. Te su razlike dodatno analizirane filogenetskim analizama i virus koji je smatran jedinstvenom skupinom, podijeljen je na dvije podskupine. Jedna su podskupina američko-europski izolati, a druga se sastoji od turskih i kinskih izolata. Stoga se ovom podjelom mogu razlikovati najmanje dvije podskupine, označene kao Kina - Turska i Amerika - Europa. Pretpostavlja se da je ovo prvo istraživanje o mogućoj ulozi CAV-2 u infekcijama dišnog sustava pasa u Turskoj i kao takvo pruža nove informacije o CAV-2

Inborn errors of OAS-RNase L in SARS-CoV-2-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare and severe condition that follows benign COVID-19. We report autosomal recessive deficiencies of OAS1, OAS2, or RNASEL in five unrelated children with MIS-C. The cytosolic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-sensing OAS1 and OAS2 generate 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylates (2-5A) that activate the single-stranded RNA-degrading ribonuclease L (RNase L). Monocytic cell lines and primary myeloid cells with OAS1, OAS2, or RNase L deficiencies produce excessive amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon dsRNA or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stimulation. Exogenous 2-5A suppresses cytokine production in OAS1-deficient but not RNase L-deficient cells. Cytokine production in RNase L-deficient cells is impaired by MDA5 or RIG-I deficiency and abolished by mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) deficiency. Recessive OAS-RNase L deficiencies in these patients unleash the production of SARS-CoV-2-triggered, MAVS-mediated inflammatory cytokines by mononuclear phagocytes, thereby underlying MIS-C

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

Background: We previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15–20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in ~ 80% of cases. Methods: We report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded. Results: No gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5–528.7, P = 1.1 × 10−4) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR = 3.70[95%CI 1.3–8.2], P = 2.1 × 10−4). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR = 19.65[95%CI 2.1–2635.4], P = 3.4 × 10−3), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR = 4.40[9%CI 2.3–8.4], P = 7.7 × 10−8). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD] = 43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P = 1.68 × 10−5). Conclusions: Rare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old

On Soft β-Open Sets and Soft β-Continuous Functions

We introduce the concepts soft β-interior and soft β-closure of a soft set in soft topological spaces. We also study soft β-continuous functions and discuss their relations with soft continuous and other weaker forms of soft continuous functions

The origin and P-T conditions of the metamorphic sole rocks beneath the Late Cretaceous Pınarbaşı Ophiolite, Eastern-Central Anatolia

Metamorphic sole rocks of the Pınarbaşı Ophiolite are one of the best-preserved rock units observed along the Tauride Ophiolite Belt in Turkey. The metamorphic sole rocks observed as tectonic slices at the base of mantle tectonites as well as blocks in the mélange units consist mainly of garnet-clinopyroxene-amphibolite, garnet-amphibolite, amphibolite, epidote-amphibolite, quartz-amphiboleschist and metabasalt. The amphibolites display a wide range of geochemical signatures such as those of N-MORB, E-MORB, OIB and IAT. The metabasalts exhibit OIB geochemical characteristics. P-T estimates indicate that the garnet-clinopyroxene-amphibolites reached peak metamorphic conditions of 790-840 °C and 12-14 kbar. High-grade metamorphism is followed by a stage of decompression, which is indicated by the presence of symplectitic growth of amphibole and plagioclase over garnet in garnet-clinopyroxene-amphibolites. P-T estimates for garnet-clinopyroxene-amphibolites suggest that they were metamorphosed under granulite-facies conditions (ca. 35-40 km). High temperature estimated from granulite facies rocks should be ascribed to the occurrence of the sole rocks during the inception of the intra-oceanic subduction, beneath young or relatively hot oceanic lithosphere. On the other hand, mineral paragenesis of the metabasalts suggest greenschist facies metamorphic conditions. Protoliths of the metabasalts were probably metamorphosed during final stages of subduction where they were very close to sea floor as the subduction zone was probably clogged by a seamount. The greenschist- and granulite-facies sole rocks were metamorphosed probably beneath the hot oceanic lithosphere at different depths of the subduction zone. Considering all these data are important to better understanding intra-oceanic subduction and final obduction events of the Tethys Ocean

Transient gestational diabetes insipidus diagnosed in successive pregnancies: review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of delivery.

Gestational diabetes insipidus (GDI) is a rare disorder characterised by polyuria, polydypsia, and excessive thirst usually manifesting in the third trimester of pregnancy. The etiology is thought to depend on excessive vasopressinase activity, a placental enzyme that degrades arginine-vasopressin (AVP), but not 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP), which is a synthetic form. This is a transient syndrome and may be associated with acute fatty liver of pregnancy and preeclampsia. The use of dDAVP in symptomatic cases has been proven as a safe method for both the mother and the fetus during the pregnancy. We report a case of recurrent gestational diabetes insipidus in successive pregnancies, which responded to dDAVP and subsided after delivery

Evaluation of trace elements in essential thrombocytosis and reactive thrombocytosis

Background: Trace elements (TE) are vital for cellular mechanisms at biological, chemical and molecular levels. The effects of TE in diagnosis, progression and treatment of essential thrombocytosis (ET), which is one of the chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms is a rare clonal stem cell disease characterized by increased thrombocyte numbers with impaired function, have not been elucidated in detail yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of TE alterations in an ET model and the efficacy of TE in ET treatment protocol by means of a vast number of TE.Methods: Study groups were categorized as patients with ET diagnosis (ET group, n:30), patients with reactive thrombocytosis secondary to iron deficiency anemia (IDA-RT) (IDA-RT group, n:30) and healthy controls (HC group, n:30). Serum levels of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), boron (B) and magnesium (Mg) were analyzed utilizing inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer instrument (ICP-OES). Statistical analysis was evaluated using SPSS 23.0.Results: ET group had statistically higher serum levels of Co and Mg (p < 0.05), Ni and Mn (p < 0.001), and lower Si (p < 0.05) than IDA-RT group. ET group had statistically higher serum levels of Co and Mn (p < 0.05), and Ni (p < 0.001), and lower Al, Si and Se (p < 0.001) than HC group. Serum levels of Fe, Al and Se (p < 0.001), and Mg (p < 0.01), and Zn (p < 0.05) in IDA-RT group were significantly lower than HC group.Conclusion: This novel study pointed out that alterations of many serum TE by means of both increment or decrement might have close relationship with mechanisms and complications of ET onset and follow-up. We consider that further research of TE would elucidate ethiopathogenesis and prognosis of ET. Thus, analysis of serum trace elements in essential thrombocytosis patients may be an important protocol by means of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up intervals