Vocational education problems in tourism sphere of Azerbaijan

It is not hard to perceive the dimensions of the effects on the economy of countries as the tourism sector is a challenging area for 33 different sectors. Tourism is seen as the most important alternative to the industry, and the driving forces of economic development in developing countries. In this sense, in order to get more share from the tourism movements, many countries have started to rapidly increase the number of tourism businesses and their capacities with various incentive measures. Due to the labor-intensive nature of the tourism sector, the importance of trained skilled labor force in the tourism sector arises. Individuals shall be taught practical knowledge and skill in every stage of the tourism education. In order to be able to survive in increasing competition environment qualified workforce is one of the basic steps. And this can only be actualized by efficient and qualified tourism education and employing the vocational school of tourism graduates in the sector. Therefore, the research conducted to emphasis the importance of vocational training for fulfilling the need of qualified personals in tourism.It is not hard to perceive the dimensions of the effects on the economy of countries as the tourism sector is a challenging area for 33 different sectors. Tourism is seen as the most important alternative to the industry, and the driving forces of economic development in developing countries. In this sense, in order to get more share from the tourism movements, many countries have started to rapidly increase the number of tourism businesses and their capacities with various incentive measures. Due to the labor-intensive nature of the tourism sector, the importance of trained skilled labor force in the tourism sector arises. Individuals shall be taught practical knowledge and skill in every stage of the tourism education. In order to be able to survive in increasing competition environment qualified workforce is one of the basic steps. And this can only be actualized by efficient and qualified tourism education and employing the vocational school of tourism graduates in the sector. Therefore, the research conducted to emphasis the importance of vocational training for fulfilling the need of qualified personals in tourism.Учитывая тот факт, что туризм является важным сектором в 33 отраслях, нельзя отрицать его влияния на экономику. Туризм, как самая важная альтернатива, рассматривается как движущая сила в экономическом развитии развивающихся стран. В этой связи многие страны начали увеличивать число туристических предприятий различными инициативами, чтобы получить большую долю доходов в туризме. Специализированные кадровые ресурсы играют ключевую роль в туризме, учитывая тот факт, что туризм является человеческим сектором. Важное значение имеет получение практических знаний на всех этапах туристического образования. Наличие квалифицированного персонала является одним из основных шагов для продолжения растущей конкуренции. Это можно сделать только эффективно и профессионально с помощью образования в сфере туризма и трудоустройства выпускников профессионально-технических училищ в этом секторе. Поэтому в этом исследовании подчеркивается важность профессионального обучения для удовлетворения потребностей квалифицированных кадров в туризме

The Salts of Nitronic acid as CO2-Corrosion Inhibitors

The salts of nitronic acids were obtained by nitration of higher olefins, both normal and isomeric structure in the presence of aqueous alkali. The resulting salts (Na+, K+, NH4+), were tested in CO2 -media as a corrosion inhibitor. The results showed that, the protective effect of the linear nitronated olefins increases by increasing the number of carbon atoms. This is due to the fact that because of  the branched structure of the compounds, it is much more difficult to form a dense protective layer on the metal surface. 20% solutions of nitronated ethanolamine in isopropyl alcohol was synthesized and tested as corrosion inhibitor in carbon dioxide environments. The results showed that diethanolamine nitron based on a mixture of normal olefins C16-C18 at a concentration of 50 ppm has a high protective effect of  99.69%

Effect of elevated NaCl concentration to the photosynthesis and activity of catalase in Dunaliella salina cells

Исследовано влияние повышение концентрации NaCl (от 0,5 до 4,0 м) на пигментный состав, кислородный обмен и активность каталазы клеток зеленой водоросли Dunaliella salina. Установлено оптимальную концентрацию NaCl (2,0 М), при которой отмечено интенсивное биосинтез зеленых пигментов и функционирования фотосинтетического аппарата. При повышенных концентрациях NaCl (3,0 и 4,0 м) растет активность каталазы в 5,8 раза в пересчете на 1 мг белка по сравнению с контролем, что составляло 0,5703 мкмоль / мин. на мг белка. Активность каталазы может быть использована как показатель устойчивости клеток водоросли в условиях солевого стрессаДосліджено вплив підвищення концентрації NaCl (від 0,5 до 4,0 М) на пігментний склад, кисневий обмін і активність каталази клітин зеленої водорості Dunaliella salina. Встановлено оптимальну концентрацію NaCl (2,0 М), за якої відмічено інтенсивний біосинтез зелених пігментів і функціонування фотосинтетичного апарату. При підвищених концентраціях NaCl (3,0 та 4,0 М) зростає активність каталази у 5,8 раза у перерахунку на 1 мг білка порівняно з контролем, що становило 0,5703 мкмоль/хв. на мг білка. Активність каталази може бути використана як показник стійкості клітин водорості до умов сольового стресуThe effect of elevated NaCl concentration (from 0.5 to 4.0 M) to the pigment content, O2 exchange and activities of some oxidative stress enzymes in the green alga Dunaliella salina was investigated. The optimum NaCl concentration (2.0 M) for the intensive biosynthesis of green pigments and function of the photosynthetic apparatus were established. The catalase activity increased up to 5.8 times and reached 0.5703 µmol min-1mg-1protein after 7 days of exposure to high salt concentration (3.0 and 4.0 M). The activity of catalase can be used as an indicator of alga cells’ resistance to salinity stress

TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR LOCOREGIONAL RECURRENCES OF ORAL AND OROPHARYNGEAL MUCOSAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

The study included 314 patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx after radical treatment. Patients were divided into groups depending on the timing – patients with early recurrence (n = 162), and late recurrence (n = 152 ), and depending on the type of treatment of recurrent tumors: conservative treatment group (n = 56 ), surgical (n = 235) and combined treatment (n = 23) group. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment of these patients based on the results of treatment, survival rates, the frequency and severity of complications. The conservative therapy of recurrent tumors of the oral cavity if surgical treatment is impossible is effective, especially in cases of late recurrent tumors but only surgical or combined treatment may reach the five-year survival rate in patients with recurrent tumor, cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx

Predictive value of heidelberg retina tomograph parameters for the development of glaucoma in the European glaucoma prevention study

PURPOSE: To determine whether baseline Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) measurements of the optic disc are associated with the development of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in individuals with ocular hypertension in the European Glaucoma Prevention Study (EGPS). DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-masked, controlled clinical trial. METHODS: There were 489 participants in the HRT Ancillary Study to the EGPS. Each baseline HRT parameter was assessed in univariate and multivariate proportional hazards models to determine its association with the development of OAG. Proportional hazards models were used to identify HRT variables that predicted which participants in the EGPS had developed OAG. Development of OAG was based on visual field and/or optic disc changes. RESULTS: At a median follow-up time of about 5 years, 61 participants developed OAG. In multivariate analyses, adjusting for randomization arm, age, baseline IOP, central corneal thickness, pattern standard deviation, and HRT disc area, the following HRT parameters were associated with the development of OAG: the "outside normal limits" classification of the Frederick Mikelberg (FSM) discriminant function (hazard ratio [HR] 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45-4.35), larger mean cup depth (HR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.21-2.23), cup-to-disc area ratio (HR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14-1.80), linear cup-to-disc ratio (HR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.13-1.80), cup area (HR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.08-1.64), smaller rim area (HR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.07-1.64), larger cup volume (HR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05-1.61), smaller rim volume (HR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01-1.54), larger maximum cup depth (HR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01-1.36), and cup shape measure (HR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01-1.36). CONCLUSIONS: Several baseline HRT parameters, alone or in combination with baseline clinical and demographic factors, were significantly associated with the development of OAG among the EGPS participants

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND SYSTEM OF EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ILLUSTRATED BY THE EXAMPLE OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF KIZILYURT CITY

Aim. The aim is to study the impact of environmental education on the quality of learning biology and ecology by the example of secondary schools in Kizilyurt city, Republic of Dagestan.Materials and methods. As a material for the research, we used the findings obtained in the survey and testing of students of 5-11 grades and teachers of Kizilyurt, developed at the Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development of the Dagestan State University. Data processing was based on the general principles of statistics and was carried out using Statistica and Excel softwares.Results. By comparing the survey results of the students, we can draw conclusions about the quality of environmental education in particular schools. The results in general show some shortcomings in the planning and content of school curricula. Studies conducted in Kizilyurt schools demonstrate that environmental knowledge of the students is poor and primarily the acquisition occurs through the study of biology and a minor extent of geography.Conclusion. The analysis of ecological education of students of Kizilyurt schools based on national educational standards is an attempt to explain the real situation and to make recommendations to improve the system and content of the training in the field of education for sustainable development

Extractive Dearomatization of Naphthalane Oil Fraction with Ionic Liquid and -N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone

In the article are given an analysis of the results of researches carried out for the purpose of selective treatment of the Naphthalane oil fraction boiling at 260-3400C with ionic liquid (IL) -morfolinphormiate synthesized on the basis formic acid + morpholine and - N-methyl-2-pyrrolidon (N-MP) and  as an extractant. The aim is to remove poisonous components -  sulfur compounds and toxic carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in order to improve therapeutic properties of Naphthalane oil cut. For this purpose we have used extraction method. On the basis of the conducted researches the role of -N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and IL-morpholinephormiatee in extraction conditions have been determined in selective treatment of Nafthalan oil, according to the results of spectral analysis residual amount of aromatic hydrocarbons decreased from 18.5% wt accordance to 2%, 1.5%. As well as the amount of sulphur decreased from 0.0354% to 0.010%,  0.011% and 0.019%.In the next stage the treated raffinates with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone has been purified on silica. In a result amount of aromatic hydrocarbons drastically decrease to be 0.07% and 0.02%. As a result we aquire transparency and at the same time the percentage amount of aromatic hydrocarbons drastically decreased from 2% to 0,07%, 1.5%, to 0.02%. Raffinates obtained in a 2-4 stage dearomatization with N-MP and IL. Raffinate are measured on NMR, UV and IR spectral analysis

ЭПИЗООТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ АМФИКОТИЛИДОЗА РЫБ В ВОДОЕМАХ БАССЕЙНА РЕКИ ТЕРЕК

Amphykotilidosis in fish in the North Caucasus region belongs to the rare infection and is being transmitted by fish juveniles during recreational activities. 2 types of Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899 were detected in trout, barbel, riffle minnow, mudfish, and bleak in the basin of the Terek River. The criteria of intensive and extensive invasions for riffle minnow fish juveniles and adults in rivers were 1, 0 – 5, 0%, the intensity of invasion (II) – 3, 0 – 13, 0 expl./ ind. Materials and methods. Research was conducted in rivers Terek, Malka, Baksan, Cherek, and Chegem. We used the Skryabin K.I. method of complete helminthological autopsy (modified by V.A. Dogel in 1970 for examination of fish). During the working period 100 individuals of each species (trout, barbel, riffle minnow mudfish, bleak) were examined. Research results: Fish amphykotilidosis belongs to rare infection diseases and is being transmitted by fish juveniles during recreational activities. Based on parasitological examinations of trout, barbel, riffle minnow, mudfish, and bleak in the basin of the Terek River 2 types of Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899 with slight intensity and extensity of invasion were determined.Амфикотилидоз рыб в регионе Северного Кавказа относится к редким инвазиям и занесен с мальками в период рекреационных мероприятий. У форели, усача, быстрянки, щиповки, уклейки в бассейне р. Терек определены 2 вида сем. Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899. У восточной быстрянки критерии экстенс – и интенсинвазированности молоди и взрослых рыб в реках составили 1,0 - 5,0%, ИИ - 3,0 - 13,0 экз./особь. Материалы и методы. Исследования проводились в реках Терек, Малка, Баксан, Черек, Чегем и Малка. При этом использовался метод полного паразитологического вскры-тия рыб по К.И. Скрябину, модифицированный для рыб В.А. Догелем (1970). За период работы исследовано по 100 шт. форели, усача, быстрянки, щиповки, уклейки. Результаты исследований: амфикотилидоз рыб относится к редким инвазиям и занесен с мальками в период рекреационных мероприятий. При паразитологических исследованиях форели, усача, быстрянки, щиповки, уклейки форели в бассейне р. Терек определены 2 вида сем. Amphicotylidae Ariola, 1899 со значениями слабой экстенсивности и интенсивности инвазии