Bone Morphogenetic Protein and its Option as an Alveolar Cleft Treatment

Indexación: Scopus; Scielo.Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is an endogenous protein that has shown significant effects in the promotion of bone formation. BMP also has been described in the reconstruction of traumatic and pathological bone defects, including alveolar cleft, alveolar ridge augmentation, maxillary sinus elevation, and applications in post-extraction alveolus graft, and peri-implant surgery among others. Despite the advantages associated with the use of BMP, currently is applied in combination with collagen matrices, which has certain properties such as low mechanical resistance and a high burst initial release that diminish its effectiveness in bone formation. In this context, the development of novel systems with greater mechanical resistance and prolonged release of BMP, that lead to chemotaxis of mesenchymal cells, following by its differentiation to osteoblasts represents a major challenge that holds outstanding clinical potential for the stimulation of bone formation. In this paper, we describe the use of BMP for the reconstruction of alveolar clefts, and its advantages being administrated in polymeric microparticles as sustain release system with promising applications in the stimulation of bone formation.http://ref.scielo.org/ps5w6

Novel point mutation in the extracellular domain of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor in a case of severe congenital neutropenia hyporesponsive to G-CSF treatment

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by a drastic reduction in circulating neutrophils and a maturation arrest of myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Usually this condition can be successfully treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Here we describe the identification of a novel point mutation in the extracellular domain of the G-CSF receptor (G-CSF-R) in an SCN patient who failed to respond to G-CSF treatment. When this mutant G-CSF-R was expressed in myeloid cells, it was defective in both proliferation and survival signaling. This correlated with diminished activation of the receptor complex as determined by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation, although activation of STAT5 was more affected than STAT3. Interestingly, the mutant receptor showed normal affinity for ligand, but a reduced number of ligand binding sites compared with the wild-type receptor. This suggests that the mutation in the extracellular domain affects ligand-receptor complex formation with severe consequences for intracellular signal transduction. Together these data add to our understanding of the mechanisms of cytokine receptor signaling, emphasize the role of GCSFR mutations in the etiology of SCN, and implicate such mutations in G-CSF hyporesponsiveness

Extracciones e indicaciones de extracciones dentales en población rural chilena de 11 a 30 años

Introducción: A pesar de la creciente tecnología odontológica y el progresivo aumento de la cantidad de odontólogos, el precario estándar de salud oral de la población rural se ha mantenido a lo largo del tiempo. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir y cuantificar las exodoncias de piezas dentarias permanentes en población rural. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo seleccionando el 100% de los sujetos atendidos en el Consultorio Chol-Chol, (IX Región) de 11 a 30 años de edad que obtuvieron su alta integral durante los años 2001 y 2003. Los diagnósticos fueron realizados por dos odontólogos experimentados en ausencia de apoyo radiográfico (procedimiento realizado de acuerdo al instrumental y equipos disponibles). Se evaluó el estado de cada una de las piezas dentarias exceptuando los terceros molares. Resultados: Fueron analizadas 181 fichas clínicas de los cuales el 36,42% fueron del sexo masculino, siendo la edad media de la muestra 18,27 años. 143 sujetos presentaron piezas perdidas en el momento del examen, a 117 sujetos se les indicó extracción de piezas dentales permanentes. Al finalizar el tratamiento 167 (92,2%) sujetos presentaron ausencia de piezas dentarias permanentes, con un promedio de 5,6 piezas al finalizar el alta integral. Conclusión: Los pacientes adolescentes y adultos jóvenes en condiciones de ruralidad presentan alta frecuencia de patologías orales que determinan la exodoncia delas piezas dentales. Estos pacientes necesitarán a corto plazo extensas rehabilitaciones para recuperar su sistema estomatológico

Toxicidade da mistura formulada de imazethapyr e imazapic sobre o azevém em função do teor de umidade do solo Injury caused by the formulated mixture of the herbicide imazethapyr and imazapic in raygrass as affected by soil moisture

Herbicidas do grupo das imidazolinonas têm, em geral, fraca adsorção ao solo e alta solubilidade em água, e, por isso, os níveis de umidade do solo podem alterar a disponibilidade desses herbicidas e seu efeito sobre culturas suscetíveis. Com o objetivo de comparar o efeito de doses da mistura formulada de imazethapyr + imazapic (75 + 25 g i.a. L-1) sobre plantas de azevém, cultivadas em solo com três níveis de umidade, foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação, no delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de sete níveis do fator dose (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 600 e 800 mL ha-1 do produto formulado), combinados com três níveis do fator umidade do solo (0, -10 e -100 kPa). Houve aumento na toxicidade e na taxa de redução da massa da matéria seca das plantas com o aumento nas doses do herbicida, sendo esses efeitos menores em solo com teor de água de -100 kPa. O teor de água no solo altera a toxicidade da mistura formulada de imazethapyr + imazapic sobre o azevém, sendo a cultura mais afetada em solos com maiores níveis de umidade.<br>The imidazolinone herbicides have, in general, low soil sorption and high water solubility, and for this reason, the levels of soil moisture can affect the availability of these herbicides and their effect on susceptible crops. Aiming at comparing the effect of rates of the formulated mixture of imazethapyr + imazapic (75 + 25 g a.i. L-1) on the growth of ryegrass plants in soil with three levels of moisture, an experiment was performed in greenhouse, in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were a combination of seven levels of the factor rate (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 600 and 800 mL ha-1 of formulated product) combined with three levels of soil moisture factor (0, -10 and -100 kPa). There was an increase in injury and reduction of shoot dry weight with increasing rates of the herbicide, with lower effects in soil with -100 kPa moisture content. The water content in soil alters the injury caused by the formulated mixture imazethapyr + imazapic on ryegrass, with this crop being the most affected in soils with higher moisture levels