Requirements for activating the circular economy to achieve sustainable environmental development

شكلت التغيرات الاقتصادية التي تجتاح الاقتصاد العالمي، دورا أساسيا في التوجه نحو الاقتصاد الدائري وتطبيقاته، كونه عاملا استثنائيا مهما للقطاعات الاقتصادية المختلفة، لما سيقوم به في المستقبل في تحقيق التنمية البيئية المستدامة، والتي يعد الاقتصاد الدائري من أهم وسائلها، ويكمن الوجه الأساسي للدراسة في تحديد دور الاقتصاد الدائري باعتباره أحد التطبيقات الأكثر حداثة للاقتصاد العالمي لتحقيق التنمية المستدامة، إذ يحظى موضوع الاقتصاد الدائري باستخدام واسع في الأدبيات الاقتصادية نظرا لضرورته وأهميته للمؤسسات على اختلافها.ويمكن القول كخلاصة أن الاقتصاد الدائري يسهم في عمليات التنمية الاقتصادية من خلال مهامه في السماح بتوسيع دائرة التعاون والتعايش الصناعي من خلال الحوافز الاقتصادية والأطر التنظيمية فضلا عن زيادة الوعي والمهارات وهو أمر مطلوب لضمان توفر الظروف المواتية لقيام هذا النظام ، وهو ما كان مبررا لاعتماده كأحد الحلول للوصول إلى التنمية البيئية المستدامة.The economic changes sweeping the global economy formed a fundamental role in the orientation towards the circular economy and its applications, as it is an exceptional and important factor for the various economic sectors, for what it will do in the future in achieving sustainable environmental development, of which the circular economy is one of the most important means, and the main aspect of the study lies in identifying The role of the circular economy as one of the most modern applications of the global economy to achieve sustainable development, as the topic of the circular economy is widely used in the economic literature due to its necessity and importance for the various institutions. It can be said as a conclusion that the circular economy contributes to the processes of economic development through its tasks in allowing the expansion of the circle of industrial cooperation and coexistence through economic incentives and regulatory frameworks as well as increasing awareness and skills, which is required to ensure the availability of favorable conditions for the establishment of this system, which was a justification for its adoption as one of the solutions To reach sustainable environmental development

A comparison between conventional Earth Observation Satellites and CubeSats; Requirements, Capabilities and Data Quality

From its early beginning as an educational tool in 1999, cubesats have evolved into a popular platform for technology demonstrations and scientific instruments. Ideas and innovations sparked from an enthusiastic community led to the development of new Earth Observation (EO) technology concepts based on large constellations of satellites with high-resolution optical imagers previously considered as infeasible. Probably the most significant constellation today is deployed by Planet who are currently operating a fleet larger than 120 3U Dove satellites, which provide an imaging service with up to 3m Ground Sample Distance (GSD). The number of low-cost EO Cubesat systems is constantly increasing. However, for a number of reasons there still seems to be a reluctance to use such data for many EO applications. A better understanding of the capabilities of the current generation of small Cubesats compared to the traditional well-established bigger operational missions of high and medium resolution EO satellites is required. What are the critical capabilities and quality indicators? Due to the limited size and weight of Cubesats, critical system components, e.g. for navigation and communication, always compete with operational payloads such as optical camera/sensor systems. A functional EO system requires balanced payload, which provides adequate navigational capabilities, that match the requirements of the optical imagers (camera) deployed with the system. This study reviews the current performance and capabilities of Cubesats for optical EO and compares them to the capabilities of conventional, dedicated high and medium resolution EO systems. We summarise key performance parameters and quality indicators to evaluate the difference between the systems. An empirical study compares recent very high-resolution (VHR) imagery from big EO satellite missions with available images from Cubesats for the use case in disaster monitoring. Small and agile Nanosatellites or Cubesats already show remarkable performance. Although it is not expected that their performance and capability will match those of current bigger EO satellite missions, they are expected to provide a valuable tool for EO and remote sensing, in particular for downstream industry applications

Kitabu jawaahirul quran wadurarahu

103 p. : 25 cm

Kepadatan Larva Aedes Aegypti di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah Desa dan Kota, Hubungannya dengan Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Masyarakat

Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit penting yang disebabkan oleh virus dan ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Kejadiannya cenderung meningkat setiap tahun dan lebih banyak di perkotaan. Perbedaan karakteristik masyarakat kota dan desa menyebabkan perbedaan perilaku terhadap program pencegahan, sehingga berdampak pada kepadatan larva yang menjadi indikator keberhasilan. Penelitian ini mengungkap hubungan pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat dengan kepadatan larva Aedes di kota dan desa. Penelitian bersifat noneksperimental di wilayah endemis DBD kota dan desa di DIY. Variabel bebas adalah pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat, variabel tergantung adalah CI (Container index) dan HI (House Index) . Observasi dilakukan terhadap kontainer terkontrol dan tidak terkontrol. Pemeriksaan laboratorium untuk menentukan spesies larva. Data pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat didapatkan dari kuesioner dan dinilai dari skor jawaban benar. Responden adalah pemilik rumah yang diperiksa. Hasil menunjukkan CI dan HI desa (20,00% dan 37,31%) CI dan HI kota (3,62% dan 3,62%). Ada perbedaan signifikan pengetahuan (p=0,002) dan perilaku (p=0,001) antara masyarakat desa dan kota dengan pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat kota lebih tinggi. Ada hubungan signifikan pengetahuan (p=0.00) dan perilaku (p=0,032) dengan kepadatan larva di desa, namun tidak signifikan di kota (pengetahuan p=0,065; perilaku p=0,067). Disimpulkan pengetahuan dan perilaku pencegahan DBD masyarakat kota lebih baik daripada desa. Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an important disease that transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Incidence rate is tend to increase yearly and even more in urban areas. Differences between towns and villages community’s character impact to different behavior to face the prevention program, so have an impact on larval density. This research would like to reveal the relationship between knowledge and behavior with density larvae, comparing it between cities and villages. Research is nonexperimentally, locate in city (Wirobrajan) and village (Dusun Pepe) in DIY province. Independent variables are knowledge dan behavior score, while dependent variable are CI and HI. Observations to containers whether controlled or uncontrolled. Knowledge and behavior obtained from the questionnaire, calculate by scoring to correct. The respondent was the owner of the house who inspected their larvae. The results show that HI and CI in village (20.00%; 37,31%) is higher than city (2.62%;2.62%). There are significant differences knowledge (p = 0.002) and behavior (p = 0.001) between two communities. There is a significant relationship between knowledge (p = 0.00), behaviors (p = 0,032) and larval density in rural, but no significance in urban (knowledge p=0,065; behavior p=0,067). It was concluded that the knowledge and behavior of prevention of urban society might better than rural

Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Glycaemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies

open access articleIntroduction The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing around the world. Although Muslims with a physical illness are exempted from fasting during the month of Ramadan, a great number still choose to fast, often without medical consultations. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of observing Ramadan fasting (RF) on glycaemic control in patients with T2D. Methods The Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOhost, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, ProQuest Central and Europe PubMed Central (Medline) databases were searched for relevant studies published between January 2000 and December 2021. Observational studies that examined the changes in body weight (BW) and glucose parameters (glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1c] and fasting blood glucose [FBG]), before and after RF among different age groups with T2D were included in the systemic review and meta-analysis. Effect sizes for the tested outcomes were calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD), with their confidence intervals (CI). Quality assessment was examined using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) tool. Results Of the 1592 identified records, 12 studies conducted in Middle Eastern and Asian countries were eligible and included in the quantitative analyses. The quality of the retrieved studies was evaluated and found to range between fair (83%) and good (17%). These 12 studies included 5554 participants of whom 54% were males and 46% were females. Our pooled analysis demonstrated that HbA1c and FBG levels significantly decreased after RF when compared to the pre-fasting levels (WMD = 0.55 mg/dl, 95% CI 0.33–0.77, P < 0.00001, Ι2 = 93% and WMD = 12.42, CI 6.46–18.38, P < 0.0001, Ι2 = 81%, respectively). However, the difference in BW in fasting patients after RF versus the pre-fasting stage was non-significant. Although, young patients with T2D were enrolled in the 12 selected studies, we did not find any studies that solely focussed on this group. Conclusion The impact of RF on adult patients with T2D is associated with favorable outcomes. However, future studies should evaluate data from young adults separately. In addition, it is essential to identify the effects of the number of fasting days (level of exposure), diet, level of physical activity and sleeping pattern on optimal glycaemic control. This information could be utilized by medical professionals as a non-pharmacological therapeutic method for management of diabetes in patients who are willing to practice fasting during Ramadan and other months of the year