Wolfram syndrome: A case report

Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is a rare disease inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Type I diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy are the main symptoms of the disease. It is also known as DIDMOAD syndrome due to the association of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness. WFS may be associated with other disorders such as kidney failure, gonadal atrophy, and mental and behavioral disorders. This report is about a 14-year-old teenager who had suffered from vision loss and cataracts when he was 4 years old. At the age of 7 he has been diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus due to polyuria and polydipsia. At the age of 12 he developed diabetes insipidus, neural hearing loss, urinary incontinence and bilateral hydronephrosis, neurogenic bladder, and increased blood pressure. Physicians should think of this disease and recommend genetic counselling before marriage.

The role of urban physical environment in the general health quality of citizens (Case study: Kerman city)

Objective: Urban spaces have a great impact on the public health of citizens. Almost research on the relationship between the urban physical environment and citizens 'health has relied solely on assessing citizens' perceptions of the urban environment. In this article, the relationship between the general health quality (GHQ) of citizens' and the measured physical environment aspects of the city has been investigated. Methods: The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is field method in terms of nature and  method. For this purpose, after literature reviewing, in the first stage, the sample size was determined using Cochran's random method and in the second stage, using hierarchical cluster sampling method and georeference questionnaire technique, survey data of GHQ from 384 citizens of Kerman were Collected in 2019. Also, with the formation of the statistical block of the general population-housing census in 2016 in the GIS, the characteristics of the physical environment of Kerman, including; The variables of residential density(RD), ground commercial density(GCD), street conecection density(SCD) and green space density(GSD) and land use mixing ratio(LUMR) and walk-ability index were calculated. Finally, the partial correlation values of Kerman urban form variables with the values of general health quality index were estimated and analyzed. Results: Partial correlation between GHQ values had a significant positive relationship with age and gender and a significant negative relationship with education. Also, the values of GHQ index had a significant negative relationship with the values of urban physical environment indexes. Spatially, the green space density showed a completely significant correlation with GHQ index. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the hypothesis that the design of an urban environment is significantly related to the GHQ of citizens. The results emphasize that increasing the density of local ground commercial space, land use mixing ratio, more roads connectivity by increasing the walk-ability index and especially the development of green space are among the interventions that can improve the GHQ

Comparison of seismic performance of steel frames equipped with diagonal and chevron viscous damper under near and far field earthquakes

A complete comparison of seismic behavior of the application of Diagonal and Chevron Viscous Damper in steel structures is presented in this paper. OpenSees software is used for the numerical modeling of structures. Fifteen numbers of earthquake records are applied to the structures and full nonlinear time history analysis is done. Force-displacement of chevron braces with and without a damper are compared and the results of IDA curves are also presented for different percentiles

Comparing APACHE II, APACHE IV, SAPS II, and SOFA Predictive Power in Poisoned Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit

Background: This study aimed to assess the performance of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, APACHE IV, Simplified Acute Physiologic Score (SAPS) II, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores in predicting mortality rate in poisoning patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on all admitted patients in the poisoning ICU of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad City, Iran. All patients were evaluated for three consecutive days since admission time and then every two days until discharge from ICU or death. The scoring systems mentioned above were calculated and analyzed by MedCalc statistical software version 18.9.1 and SPSS version 16.Results: Overall, 150 patients were studied, out of whom 67% (101) were male. Their mean±SD age was 41.6±18.9 years. In their whole hospitalization period, APACHE II (79.5%), SAPS II (78.7%), APACHE IV (78.4%), and SOFA (72.9%) were the most precise measures. On the first day of admission APACHE II (77.4%), on the second day, APACHE II (83.1%), on the third day, APACHE II (90.7%), and on the fifth day, SOFA (81.6%) were the most precise measures.Conclusion: All four systems have acceptable discriminatory power for poisoned patients. However, it seems that APACHE II can be used for mortality prediction, especially in the early days of admission.

Wolfram syndrome: A case report

Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is a rare disease inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Type I diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy are the main symptoms of the disease. It is also known as DIDMOAD syndrome due to the association of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness. WFS may be associated with other disorders such as kidney failure, gonadal atrophy, and mental and behavioral disorders. This report is about a 14-year-old teenager who had suffered from vision loss and cataracts when he was 4 years old. At the age of 7 he has been diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus due to polyuria and polydipsia. At the age of 12 he developed diabetes insipidus, neural hearing loss, urinary incontinence and bilateral hydronephrosis, neurogenic bladder, and increased blood pressure. Physicians should think of this disease and recommend genetic counselling before marriage

Larvicidal activity of essential oil and methanol extract of Nepeta menthoides against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the larvicidal activity of essential oil and methanol extract of the Nepeta menthoides (N. menthoides) against main malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi).MethodsThe essential oil of plant was obtained by Clevenger type apparatus and the methanol extract was supplied with Percolation method. Larvicidal activity was tested by WHO method. Twenty five fourth-instar larvae of An. stephensi were used in the larvicidal assay and four replicates were tested for each concentration. Five different concentrations of the oil and extract were tested for calculation of LC50 and LC90 values.ResultsThe LC50 and LC90 values were determined by probit analysis. LC50 was 69.5 and 234.3 ppm and LC90 was 175.5 and 419.9 ppm for the extract and essential oil respectively.ConclusionsAccording to the results of this study methanolic extract of plant exhibited more larvicidal activity than essential oil. This could be useful for investigation of new natural larvicidal compounds

Prognosis of patients with severe burns based on plasma base excess and serum lactate level and comparison with ABSI

Background and Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with severe burns by measuring the plasma base excess and serum lactate levels and comparing it with the ABSI scoring system as an important indicator in the resuscitation of burn patients.Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed on all patients hospitalized in the burn ward of the hospital. The demographic data and ABSI scoring of all patients were recorded. Patients' clinical information and routine tests, gasometry (for measuring plasma base excess) and serum lactate levels were measured at the time of admission, 12 hours, and 24 hours after admission.Results: A total of 311 burning patients were evaluated in this study. Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in the mean plasma BE1 (at the time of admission) and BE2 (24 hours after admission) between the patients who were discharged and the patients who died (P <0.001). The results indicated a difference in the process of lactate changes between two groups of patients in terms of intensity of ABSI(P <0.001). The multivariate logistic regression with the entry of BE and lactate at the time of admission and ABSI as predictive variables indicated a significant BE and ABSI.Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that the plasma base excess can be used as a valuable tool in the monitoring of burn patients' resuscitation along with clinical criteria. On the other hand, the ABSI scoring system is still a valuable tool to predict the deaths of burn patients

The Nutritional Status of Patients Hospitalized in the ICUs of Iranian Hospitals: A Systematic Review

Background: Malnutrition is so common among hospitalized patients, especially those in intensive care units (ICUs). Providing adequate nutritional support for these patients is of utmost significance.Aim: The present study was conducted with aim to investigate the nutritional status of patients hospitalized in the ICUs of Iranian hospitals.Method: This systematic review was performed according to recommendations from the Cochrane Handbook. A search was conducted on Medline, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus, and SID databases to find the articles on nutritional support for ICU patients hospitalized in Iran until April 9, 2023, using the keywords of "intensive care unit" OR "ICU" AND "nutritional support" and "Iran".Results: Finally, 19 original, cross-sectional, prospective cohort, and retrospective articles conducted on human samples were entered in this study. Except for one study, all articles reported that the dietary intake was significantly lower among ICU admitted patients. Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS), and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) measurement tools were used to predict the rate of malnutrition among the patients. Recorded reports indicate low calorie and nutrient intake among patients during ICU stay.Implications for Practice: The analyzed hospitals have unsuitable and inadequate nutritional care services. In addition, the patient's intake of calories, protein, and other daily nutrients was significantly lower than the recommended amount leading to a cascade of undesirable patient outcomes

Five years of a single burn center experience with toxic epidermal necrolysis: retrospective study of causative drugs and the clinical outcome

Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare, but potentially life-threatening reactions to medications. Both conditions have significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to document the epidemiological features, aetiologies, treatment and clinical outcomes of such patients.Method: In this retrospective cross-sectional study the records of all patients with TEN treated for5 years in central Hospital, Mashhad, Iran were reviewed. Results: Thirty-four patients were studied with a mean age of 26.5 years. Mean age in the mortality and survivors groups was 33.6 and 25.3 years, respectively. Drugs accounted for all 34 cases were including Anti-convulsants (52.9%) other the most common implicated drug followed by antibiotics (26.5%), allopurinol (5.9%) and multiple drugs (anticonvulsants plus antibiotics) (14.7%). Antibiotics had the shortest interval between ingestion time and onset of symptoms. The mean ICU length of stay was 12.7 days, with a range of 1 to 30 days. The mean of SCORTEN was 2.3; it was 3.3 and 2.1 in the mortality and survivors group, respectively (P=0.001).All 34 TEN cases were given intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). Six patients with TEN died (17.6%). The highest mortality was found in the allopurinol group with 50%, whereas anticonvulsants and antibiotics had a mortality rate of 16.6% and 15.3%, respectively.Conclusion: Anti-convulsants especially Lamotrigine were the most frequently implicated drug, followed by antibiotics and allopurinol. IVIG was shown beneficial effects in TEN syndrome