Comparison of ulnar lengthening and radial shortening in Kienbock’s disease

Kienbock's disease refers to lunate bone avasular necrosis and if untreated in stage I or II will lead to collapse and cause deformity of bone. If it progress to stage III or IV, the salvage of radiocarpal bone will be impossible and patients may need a problematic surgery. The goal of this study is to compare the surgical treatment results of radial shortening or ulnar lengthening method in stage II. Sampling was done in simple sampling method (20 patients) that had wrist pain and referred to clinic. The patients divided into two groups. In first group radial shortening and osteotomy and in second group ulnar lengthening and oseotomy were done. The cure of disease was evaluated as 1) no pain in rest, 2) in normal activity, 3) in severe activity, 4) signs of :::union::: in radiography. The results showed that radial shortening method 10 patients and in ulnar lengthening group patients had recovered that (P<0.05). Our findings show radial shortening method is preferred to ulnar lengthening in stage II and therefore this method is suggested

The overhang rate in posterior teeth restorations among a sample of patients from Sari City, Iran, in year 2017

BACKGROUND: Overhang is the extension of restoration material from the prepared cavity. Restoration overhangs have an important role in plaque accumulation, caries, severe gingival inflammation, and periodontal diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of restoration overhanging, and the managements in order to reduce its prevalence and subsequent complications.METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 277 patients, who had at least one restoration in the proximal surface of posterior teeth. At first, all the patients were examined using a mirror, and dental floss under the light of the dental chair. In cases in which the existence of the overhang was suspected, Bitewing radiography was operated on respective regions. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.RESULTS: 120 teeth had overhangs (19.60%) and 492 (80.39%) exhibited no overhangs. From 120 restorations with overhang, 76 (63.33%) were amalgam restorations, and 44 (36.66%) were composite restorations. In total, 55.83% of them (67 restorations) were in maxilla and 44.16% (53 restorations) were in mandible. The prevalence of overhang in mandible was as 37.73% in mesial regions, 54.71% in distal regions, and 7.54% in mesial-occlusal-distal (MOD) regions; in addition, the prevalence rate in maxilla was as 38.80% in mesial regions, 58.20% in distal regions, and 2.98% in MOD.CONCLUSION: The overall frequency of restoration overhang was 19.60%, most of which was in amalgam restorations in comparison to composite restorations; and it is mostly seen in distal surfaces of maxillary teeth

Tsallis δ\delta-entropy in an accelerating BIon

In this research, we consider thermodynamically the behaviour of an accelerating BIon and show that the entropy of this system has the form of Tsallis entropy. A BIon is a system that consists of a brane, an anti-brane and a wormhole which connects them together. By increasing the acceleration of branes, the area of BIon increases and its Tsallis entropy grows.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Estimation of Foetal Weight

Background Foetal weight is an important consideration when making decisions about intervention in labour. Although weight is estimated in the beginning of labour, the relevant decisions are made at the end of labour. It is not clear whether the estimation of weight at the beginning of labour is more accurate than the estimation at the end of labour. Method This prospective study included 214 pregnant women. Foetal weights were estimated at the time of admission, at full dilatation or before Cesarean section (CS) using Johnson’s formula and multiplying symphysio-fundal height by the abdominal girth measurement. Results The accuracy of estimation of weight by the Johnson formula (insert measuring tape) at the beginning of labour was similar to weight at the end of labour, but the weight obtained by multiplying the symphysio-fundal height by the abdominal girth (insert the measuring tape and holding it straight) at the beginning of labour was more accurate than the same process at the end of labour (p < 0.001). However, using the Johnson formula (holding the meter straight) at the end of labour was more accurate than it was at the beginning of labour (p = 0.02). Conclusion The accuracy of estimated weight varies depending on time, the method used, and the formula of measurement

Effect of melatonin on male offspring testis and sperm parameters in BALB/c mice after exposing their mother to METHamphetamine during pregnancy and lactation

Objective(s): Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant that has harmful effects on all organs,  the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and reproductive system. Since many METH consumers are young people of reproductive age, it poses a risk to the next generation of METH consumers. METH can pass through the placenta and is also secreted into breast milk. Melatonin (MLT) is the primary hormone of the pineal gland that regulates the circadian cycle, and it is also an antioxidant that can mitigate the effects of toxic substances. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of melatonin against the detrimental effects that METH has on the reproductive system of male newborns, whose mothers consumed METH during pregnancy and lactation.Materials and Methods: In the current study, 30 female adult balb/c mice were divided into three groups: control group, vehicle group that received normal saline, and the experimental group that received 5 mg/kg METH intraperitoneally during gestation and lactation. After lactation, the male offspring of each group were randomly divided into two subgroups, one of which received 10 mg/kg melatonin intragastrically for 21 days (corresponding to the lactation period of the mice) (METH-MLT) and the other did not (METH -D.W). After treatment, the mice were sacrificed and testicular tissue and epididymis were obtained for the following tests.Results: The diameter of seminiferous tubules, SOD activity, total Thiol groups concentration, catalase activity, sperm count, and PCNA and CCND gene expression were significantly increased in the METH-MLT group compared with the METH-DW. Apoptotic cells and MDA level ameliorated in the METH-MLT group compared with METH-D.W, and testicular weight had no notable change.Conclusion: The current study represents that consumption of METH during pregnancy and lactation can have adverse effects on the histological and biochemical factors of testis and sperm parameters of male newborns,  which can be mitigated by taking melatonin after the end of the breastfeeding period

Ameliorative effects of crocin against electromagnetic field-induced oxidative stress and liver and kidney injuries in mice

Objective: The current study's goal was to examine how crocin affects organ damage such as damage to the kidney and liver in mice treated by 2100 MHz Electro Magnetic Field.Materials and Methods: The liver and kidneys of mice exposed to EMFs were used in this study to examine how crocin affected them. 24 male NMARI mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: EMF group (2100 MHZ); Crocin (Cr) group (50 mg/kg); EMF+Crocin group (2100 MHZ+50 mg/kg), and control group. The antioxidant enzymes and some serum biochemical parameters were assessed in blood samples collected after the experiment. After the animals were put to sleep, liver and kidney samples were taken for histopathological and liver samples were taken for ultrastructural analysis.Results: The serum levels of urea and creatinine, and serum activities of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were higher in the EMF group than the control group, and this difference was significant. When compared to the control group, the EMF group's antioxidants, (catalase and superoxide dismutase) activity were decreased. These metrics significantly improved in the EMF + Cr group when compared to the EMF group. Different pathological damages were present in the liver and kidney of the EMF group, and the liver's ultrastructure had changed. Crocin administration decrease these changes.Conclusion: Crocin, an antioxidant agent, may provide defense against tissue damage brought on by EMF by reducing oxidative stress

Effects of propolis supplementation on glycemic status, lipid profiles, inflammation and oxidative stress, liver enzymes, and body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

The aim of meta-analysis was to assess the effects of propolis on markers of oxidative stress, lipid profiles, inflammation and glycemic control, liver enzymes, and weight control. The heterogeneity between the included studies was indicated using the Cochrane’s Q test and I-square (I2 ) statistic. 14 trials were included in this meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis indicated a significant reduction in fating glucose (WMD: -17.00; 95% CI: −30.88, −3.11), HbA1C (WMD: -0.42; 95% CI: −0.75, −0.10), and insulin (WMD: -1.75; 95% CI: −3.24, −0.26) and a marginally significant reduction in insulin resistance (WMD: -0.60; 95% CI: −1.20, 0.00) following propolis supplementation in 10, 8, 6, and 5 studies, respectively. Pooling 5 effect sizes, a significant reduction was seen in ALT (WMD: -5.63; 95% CI: −10.59, −0.67) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (WMD: -3.09; 95% CI: −5.15, −1.03) following propolis. A significant beneficial effect was observed for CRP (WMD: -1.11; 95% CI: −1.92, −0.29), TNF-α (WMD: -6.71; 95% CI: −9.44, −3.98) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (WMD: -17.99; 95% CI: −35.56, −0.42) concentrations after propolis supplementation. This study demonstrated the beneficial effects of propolis on FPG, HbA1c, insulin, CRP, TNF-α and liver enzymes levels

Nutritional Approach for Increasing Public Health During Pandemic of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of Antiviral Nutrients and Nutraceuticals

Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is considered as the most life-threatening pandemic disease during the last decade. The individual nutritional status, though usually ignored in the management of COVID-19, plays a critical role in the immune function and pathogenesis of infection. Accordingly, the present review article aimed to report the effects of nutrients and nutraceuticals on respiratory viral infections including COVID-19, with a focus on their mechanisms of action. Methods: Studies were identified via systematic searches of the databases including PubMed/ MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar from 2000 until April 2020, using keywords. All relevant clinical and experimental studies published in English were included. Results: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is common in severe respiratory infections and should be considered in the management of COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, obesity can be accompanied by decreasing the host immunity. Therefore, increasing physical activity at home and a slight caloric restriction with adequate intake of micronutrients and nutraceuticals are simple aids to boost host immunity and decrease the clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Conclusion: The most important nutrients which can be considered for COVID-19 management are vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin A, folate, zinc, and probiotics. Their adequacy should be provided through dietary intake or appropriate supplementation. Moreover, adequate intake of some other dietary agents including vitamin E, magnesium, selenium, alpha linolenic acid and phytochemicals are required to maintain the host immunity

In vivo effects of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of acute ischemic kidney injury

Objective(s): Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) as a severe condition of acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common clinical problem with high mortality rates of 35-60% deaths in hospital. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) due to unique regenerative characteristics are ideal candidates for the treatment of the ischemic injuries. This work is focused on the administration of MSC to IRI-induced AKI Wistar rats and evaluating their significance in AKI treatment. Material and Methods: Animals underwent surgical procedure and AKI was induced by 40 min bilateral renal pedicle clamping. Immediately after reperfusion, 2×106 rat bone marrow derived MSCs were injected via intra-parenchymal or intra-aortic route. Results: Animals subjected to AKI after days 1 and 3 showed significant increase in the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration along with a declined glomerular filtration rate (GFR) when compared with non-ischemic animals. On the other hand, treated animals showed a significant enhanced regeneration as compared to ischemic animals in both administration route groups. Conclusion: According to the results concluded from the renoprotective effects of MSC in IRI/AKI, MSCs could be considered as promising therapeutic approach for AKI in clinical applications