Comparison of the Cognitive-behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Resilience and Diagnostic Factors in Patients with Chronic Pain

Introduction: The need for research was felt that chronic pain is one of the most common pains in patients with psychological problems and the use of psychological therapies. This study aimed to compare the performance of CBT and ACT on resilience and diagnostic factors (CBC-ESR-CRP) in patients with chronic pain in Tehran.Method:This study was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of research design method and was pre-test and post-test with thecontrol group. The statistical population in this study consisted of all people with chronic pain disorders who referred to private orthopedic clinics in Tehran and sampling was done with a purposive approach. 36 people were selected by purposive samplingmethod. After selection was based on entry and exit criteria, 24 people were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (cognitive therapy group and act therapy group) and control (a group of 12 people). Participants completed Resilience Questionnaire (Conner-Davidson Resilience) before and after the interventions. Results: The findings of this study showed that both ACT and CBT approaches have the necessary effect on resilience, and diagnostic factors (of course, on two of them, ESR-CRP). The findings show that there is no significant difference between the ACT and CBT approachesConclusion: Therefore, CBT and ACT were effect on resilience and diagnostic factors (CBC-ESR-CRP) in patients with chronic pain.Declaration of Interest: Non

The effect of happiness and humor on improving immune system function: A narrative review study

Stress makes people more susceptible to various diseases. Nervous tensions affect immune system function, increase stress hormones, and weaken the immune system. The body's defense system will not be able to function properly if stress hormones are constantly produced in large quantities. In this way, the ground is prepared for various infections and diseases and the internal organs of the body will be under severe pressure. Some of the characteristics of psychological resistance or resilience to life stressors include personality traits, happiness, and humor. This narrative review study was conducted to investigate the effect of happiness and humor on improving immune system function. The papers concerning this review study were searched in SCOPUS, Pubmed, Web of Science, MedLine (Ovid), PsychINFO (Ovid), Google Scholar, Social Work Abstracts Plus, CINAHL Plus, and ProQuest Dissertations, and Tes databases using the keywords including happiness, joy, humor, immune system, health, and physical health. The search was limited to English and Persian language journals, and there was no time limit. The papers whose content was more relevant to the topics of happiness, humor, health, and immune system were then selected from the papers found and reviewed.&nbsp

Frequency of Pathogenic Genes fimH ،irp2 ، rmpA، allS and wcaG of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates by Multiplex-PCR Method

Background and Aims: Klebsiella pneumoniae that causes bloodstream and urinary tract infections has several virulence factors encoding genes. Factors like the ability of adherence to the host cell surface, presence of sidrophore receptors and regulation of mucoid phenotype are the common virulence ones involved in the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of virulence factor encoding genes in K. pneumoniae isolates, collected from hospitalized patients by Multiplex PCR. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the frequency of genes encoding virulence factor irp2, wcaG, rmpA, rmpA، allS and fimH were evaluated in 100 K. pneumoniae isolates, collected from patients referred to teaching hospitals of Zahedan city by Multiplex PCR. Results: Among 100 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae, allS gene had the highest frequency, 90%, and rmpA had the lowest frequency, 6%. The frequency of genes fimH, irp2, wcaG and rmpA were 88%, 87%, 33% and 6% respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the allS, irp2 and fimH genes were more frequent among K. pneumoniae isolated from studied patients in Zahedan city. These findings provide important information on the importance of these virulence factors on pathology of urogenital tract infection, management of Klebsiella infection and success of treatment strategies

Do Maternal Oral Health-Related Self-Efficacy and Knowledge Influence Oral Hygiene Behavior of their Children?

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the effects of maternal self-efficacy and oral health-related knowledge on pre-school children oral hygiene behavior

Relation of attachment styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies to depression in patients with chronic skin diseases

Skin is a vital organ for communication throughout the life cycle, so that skin disease can cause a significant psychological distress. This study aimed to assessment the relation of attachment styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies to depression in patients with skin diseases. The 200 participants were selected using purposeful sampling among patients diagnosed with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic idiopathic urticaria and who referred to dermatology clinics or phototherapy units of the hospitals in Mashhad. Patients who had inclusion criteria participated in the study after giving the informed consent. The participants filled out the scales of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, Collins and Read attachment styles, and hospital anxiety and depression. The results of path analysis showed a direct relation of secure attachment style to adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depression, cognitive emotion regulation strategies to depression, insecure attachment styles to maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, insecure attachment to depression, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies to depression. Secure attachment had indirect effect on depression and insecure attachment had indirect relation to depression. These results imply that attachment styles and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in patients with skin diseases have multiple relations with depression

Do Maternal Oral Health-Related Self-Efficacy and Knowledge Influence Oral Hygiene Behavior of their Children?

Background This study aimed to assess the effects of maternal self-efficacy and oral health-related knowledge on pre-school children oral hygiene behavior. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 301 mothers with children aged 2–6 years old randomly selection from health centers of Tabriz, Iran.  Data were collected using self-report questionnaires including demographic characteristics, maternal self-efficacy, oral health-related knowledge, and children’s oral hygiene behavior. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 using one-way ANOVA, Independent samples t-test, and multiple linear regressions at 95% significant level. Results The mean age of children was 4.1(standard deviation [SD] =1.4; range: 2–6 years). The mean score (SD) of children oral hygiene behavior was 5.4 (1.9). The mean score (SD) of mothers knowledge and self-efficacy were 4.9 (1.8) and 46.6 (14.8), respectively. 44.2% (133/301) of mothers had low self-efficacy and 55.8% (168/301) high self-efficacy. The children oral hygiene behavior was significantly and positively associated with maternal self-efficacy (r = 0.517, P < 0.001) and oral health-related knowledge (r = 0.363, P < 0.001). Conclusion According to the results of this study, mothers’ self-efficacy and knowledge was the strongest predicator of children oral hygiene behavior. So, educational interventions to improve maternal self-efficacy and knowledge may be beneficial for children oral health habits

Toothbrushing frequency among 4–6-year-old Iranian children and associated maternal attitude and sociobehavioral factors

Background: Toothbrushing is an important aspect of children's oral health self-care. This study aimed to explore toothbrushing frequency among 4–6-year-old Iranian children and associated maternal attitude and sociobehavioral factors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 407 mother–child (aged 4–6 years) pairs through stratified random sampling in Tabriz, Iran. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires including demographic characteristic, maternal attitude, and toothbrushing frequency of both mothers and children. Logistic regression was used to determine the predicators of children's toothbrushing. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05 for all tests. Results: The mean ages were 32.6 ± 4.8 and 5.3 ± 1.1 years for mothers and children respectively. Twice-daily toothbrushing was observed at a relative frequency of 12.8% in children and 18.4% in mothers. About 43.7% of children brushed their teeth once daily. Nearly 38.7% of children started toothbrushing behavior regularly at 4 years of age, and 41% had dental visits. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that children's toothbrushing (once daily or more) was associated with maternal brushing frequency (odds ratio [OR] =2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.53–2.86), maternal attitude toward oral health (OR = 1.15, CI = 1.08–1.22), and children's age (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.02–1.77). Conclusion: The descriptive results indicated that maternal and children toothbrushing behaviors are unfavorable. Furthermore, maternal toothbrushing behavior is a strong predicator of children's brushing behavior. Health promotional activities seem necessary for mothers to enhance oral health behavior of their children

Lipoprotein lipase gene variants: Association with acute myocardial infarction and lipid profiles

Background: Studies showed that lipid metabolism disorders are significant risk factors for myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism pathways such as lipoprotein lipase (LPL), are proper candidates for susceptibility to CAD. Aim: To investigate the possible association between LPL gene variants (HindIII (rs320) and PvuII (rs285)), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and serum lipid levels. Subjects and methods: The study population consisted of 211 patients with a diagnosis of premature AMI, and 203 age-matched individuals with normal coronary angiograms as controls. Genotyping of HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms was done by the PCR-RFLP technique. Results: Although the H+ and P+ alleles were more observed among the patients, there were no significant differences in genotype distributions and allele frequencies of HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms between patient and control subjects (P > 0.05). Triglyceride levels were found to be significantly elevated in H+H+ and P+P+ genotypes compared to others (P < 0.05). However, there was no association between HindIII and PvuII genotypes and HDL-C, LDL-C and cholesterol levels. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that LPL-HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms are not associated with acute myocardial infarction but with triglyceride levels

Effect of fish oil on circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine and adiponectin in overweight or obese patients with atrial fibrillation

Obesity and adipose-derived peptides might be involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Adiponectin plays a major role in the modulation of several metabolic pathways, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) has been suggested to be predictive of AF and associated adverse events. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fish oil supplementation on circulating adiponectin and ADMA in overweight or obese patients with persistent AF. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 80 overweight or obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) patients with persistent AF were randomly assigned to two groups to receive either 2 g/day fish oil or placebo, for 8 weeks. Serum levels of adiponectin and ADMA, and anthropometric indexes were measured. This study showed that serum adiponectin concentrations increased significantly following fish oil supplementation compared with the placebo group (13.15 ± 7.33 vs. 11.88 ± 6.94 µg/ml; p = .026). A significant reduction was also observed in serum ADMA levels in the fish oil compared with the placebo group following the intervention (0.6 ± 0.13 vs. 0.72 ± 0.15 µmol/L; p = .001). The changes in serum adiponectin and ADMA concentrations remained significant after adjustments for baseline values, age, sex, and changes of BMI and waist circumference (p = .011 and p = .001, respectively). In conclusion, 8 weeks supplementation with fish oil increased serum adiponectin and decreased ADMA concentrations in overweight or obese patients with persistent AF. As adiponectin and ADMA are suggested to be involved in many pathways associated with AF, the current findings might be promising in the clinical management of this disease, an issue that needs further investigations