Research of the Additional Losses Occurring in Optical Fiber at its Multiple Bends in the Range Waves 1310nm, 1550nm and 1625nm Long

Article is devoted to research of the additional losses occurring in the optical fiber at its multiple bends in the range waves of 1310 nanometers, 1550 nanometers and 1625 nanometers long. Article is directed on creation of the external factors methods which allow to estimate and eliminate negative influence. The automated way of calculation of losses at a bend is developed. Results of scientific researches are used by engineers of "Kazaktelekom" AS for practical definition of losses service conditions. For modeling the Wolfram|Alpha environment - the knowledge base and a set of computing algorithms was chosen. The greatest losses are noted on wavelength 1310nm and 1625nm. All dependences are nonlinear. Losses with each following excess are multiplicative

Algoritmos de Detecçao de Taquicardias Incorporado a Desfibriladores Automáticos Implantáveis. 1) Desfibriladores Monocamerais

Diversos algoritmos foram incorporados aos cardioversores-desfibriladores automáticos implantáveis (CDIs) para identificar os distúrbios do ritmo ventricular e, sobretudo, para os diferenciar de taquicardias supraventriculares que nao necessitam terapia. Esses benefícios também sao encontrados nos CDIs bicamerais que têm como benefício a detecçao atrial acoplada à detecçao do ventrículo. O objetivo dos algoritmos é de identificar todas as arritmias ventriculares (sensibilidade de 100%), para que sejam tratadas corretamente. Devem ainda evitar erros de identificaçao de arritmias supraventriculares (especificidade máxima). Infelizmente, nao é possível alcançar 100% de sensibilidade e especificidade. Além disso, todo aumento da especificidade será acompanhado por uma diminuiçao da sensibilidade. Essa diminuiçao de especificidade pode conduzir a falha na detecçao dos distúrbios do ritmo ventricular, e como conseqüência, isto é pior que o tratamento inadequado de uma taquicardia sinusal ou supraventricular

Algoritmos de Detecçao de Taquicardias Incorporado a Desfibriladores Automáticos Implantáveis. 1) Desfibriladores Monocamerais

Diversos algoritmos foram incorporados aos cardioversores-desfibriladores automáticos implantáveis (CDIs) para identificar os distúrbios do ritmo ventricular e, sobretudo, para os diferenciar de taquicardias supraventriculares que nao necessitam terapia. Esses benefícios também sao encontrados nos CDIs bicamerais que têm como benefício a detecçao atrial acoplada à detecçao do ventrículo. O objetivo dos algoritmos é de identificar todas as arritmias ventriculares (sensibilidade de 100%), para que sejam tratadas corretamente. Devem ainda evitar erros de identificaçao de arritmias supraventriculares (especificidade máxima). Infelizmente, nao é possível alcançar 100% de sensibilidade e especificidade. Além disso, todo aumento da especificidade será acompanhado por uma diminuiçao da sensibilidade. Essa diminuiçao de especificidade pode conduzir a falha na detecçao dos distúrbios do ritmo ventricular, e como conseqüência, isto é pior que o tratamento inadequado de uma taquicardia sinusal ou supraventricular

Patient perspective on the management of atrial fibrillation in five European countries

Bakhai A, Sandberg A, Mittendorf T, et al. Patient perspective on the management of atrial fibrillation in five European countries. In: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. Vol 13. BMC; 2013

Twenty-five years in the making: flecainide is safe and effective for the management of atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practise and its prevalence is increasing. Over the last 25 years, flecainide has been used extensively worldwide, and its capacity to reduce AF symptoms and provide long-term restoration of sinus rhythm (SR) has been well documented. The increased mortality seen in patients treated with flecainide in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) study, published in 1991, still deters many clinicians from using flecainide, denying many new AF patients a valuable treatment option. There is now a body of evidence that clearly demonstrates that flecainide has a favourable safety profile in AF patients without significant left ventricular disease or coronary heart disease. As a result of this evidence, flecainide is now recommended as one of the first-line treatment options for restoring and maintaining SR in patients with AF under current treatment guidelines. The objective of this article is to review the literature pertaining to the pharmacological characteristics, safety and efficacy of flecainide, and to place this drug in the context of current therapeutic management strategies for AF

Rationale and current perspective for early rhythm control therapy in atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and an important source for mortality and morbidity on a population level. Despite the clear association between AF and death, stroke, and other cardiovascular events, there is no evidence that rhythm control treatment improves outcome in AF patients. The poor outcome of rhythm control relates to the severity of the atrial substrate for AF not only due to the underlying atrial remodelling process but also due to the poor efficacy and adverse events of the currently available ion-channel antiarrhythmic drugs and ablation techniques. Data suggest, however, an association between sinus rhythm maintenance and improved survival. Hypothetically, sinus rhythm may also lead to a lower risk of stroke and heart failure. The presence of AF, thus, seems one of the modifiable factors associated with death and cardiovascular morbidity in AF patients. Patients with a short history of AF and the underlying heart disease have not been studied before. It is fair to assume that abolishment of AF in these patients is more successful and possibly also safer, which could translate into a prognostic benefit of early rhythm control therapy. Several trials are now investigating whether aggressive early rhythm control therapy can reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and increase maintenance of sinus rhythm. In the present paper we describe the background of these studies and provide some information on their design