Coacervate whey protein improves inflammatory milieu in mice fed with high-fat diet

Background: Functional foods with bioactive properties may help in treat obesity, as they can lead to a decreased risks of inflammatory diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on the proinflammatory processes in mice fed with high-fat diet.Methods: Mice were divided into two groups receiving either a normolipidic or high-fat diet; the animals in each of the two diet groups were given a diet supplement of either coacervate (gavage, 36 mg protein/kg of body weight) or tap water for four weeks [groups: normolipidic diet plus water (C); normolipidic diet and coacervate (CC); high-fat diet and water (H); and high-fat diet and coacervate (HC)].Results: the high-fat diet promoted inflammation, possibly by decreased adiponectin/sum of adipose tissues ratio and increased phosphorylation of NF-kappa B p50. in HC we observed a positive correlation between IL-10 and TNF-alpha in mesenteric adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue and liver tissue. We also observed a positive correlation between lipopolisaccharide with IL-10 in the liver tissue.Conclusions: High-fat diet treatment promoted metabolic alterations and inflammation, and chitosan coacervate whey protein modulated inflammatory milieu.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Ciencias & Tecnol, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fisiol, Disciplina Fisiol Nutr, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Ciencias & Tecnol, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2011/04310-9Web of Scienc

Interdisciplinary treatment in obese adolescents with NAFLD: role of neuropeptides and adipokines pro and anti-inflammatory

BACKGROUND: The complexity physiophatology in the Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) involves interplay between adipokines and neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance, including the role of Neuropeptide Y/Agouti Related Protein system. AIM: establishing the relationship between Neuropeptide Y/Agouti Related Protein (NPY/AgRP) ratio and adiponectinemia, as well as to assess the influence of orexigenic neuropeptides in the nutritional aspects of NAFLD obese adolescents submitted to a long-term interdisciplinary approach. METHODS: A group of post-pubescent obese adolescents were recruited and included in the interdisciplinary intervention. The group was analyzed according to the presence or ausence of NAFLD by ultrassonography (US). Blood samples were collected to measure glycemia, hepatic transaminases and lipid profile, insulin resistance and sensitivity. Adiponectin, NPY and AgRP concentrations were measured by ELISA and the measurement of visceral ans subcutaneous fat by US. Food intake was measured using 3-day diet records. RESULTS: It was observed at baseline that important clinical parameters including body weight, BMI, visceral fat, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, triglycerides, VLDL-cholesterol and hepatic transaminases were more altered in NAFLD patients. After the intervention, these parameters, total energy and macronutrient intake were reduced significantly in both groups. The most important finding was the positive correlation between AgRP with visceral fat in all patients, and negative correlation between NPY/AgRP with adiponectin only in NAFLD obese adolescents. Analyzing the influence of the diet in the orexigenic neuropeptides, only the NAFLD patients presented a positive correlation between the saturated fatty acids intake and the orexigenic neuropeptides (NPY and AgRP); and carbohydrate with NPY. Indeed, it was observed a positive correlation between energy intake, lipid (%) and saturated fatty acids with visceral fat accumulation. CONCLUSION: NAFLD patients presented more altered clinical parameters than non-NAFLD, including the negative correlation between adiponectin and NPY/AgRP. These results suggested that NAFLD obese adolescents presented an altered inflammatory profile that can influence the neuroendocrine regulation of energy balance suggesting and additional impairment in the weigth loss therapy. Moreover, our findings showed an important influence of diet composition in the orexigenic system, being essential consider that the excessive saturated fatty acids intake could be a determinant factor to increase nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Introdução: A complexidade da fisiopatologia na Esteatose Hepática Não Alcóolica (EHNA) envolve uma interface entre as adipocinas e a regulação neuroendócrina do balanço energético, incluindo o papel do sistema Neuropeptídeo Y/Proteína agouti relacionada. Objetivo: estabelecer a relação entre a razão NeuropeptídeoY/Proteína relacionada Agouti (AgRP) e a adiponectinemia, bem como avaliar a influência de neuropeptídeos orexígenos nos aspectos nutricionais de adolescentes obesos com EHNA submetidos a uma intervenção interdisciplinar de longo prazo. Métodos: Recrutou-se adolescentes obesos pós-púberes para participarem de uma intervenção interdisciplinar. O grupo foi analisado de acordo com a presença ou não de EHNA pela ultrassonografia (US). As amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a mensuração da glicemia, transaminases hepáticas e perfil lipídico, resistência e sensibilidade insulínica. As concentrações de Adiponectina, NPY e AgRP foram avaliadas por ELISA e a mensuração da gordura visceral e subcutânea pela US. A ingestão alimentar foi aferida por meio de registro alimentar de 3 dias. Resultados: No início da terapia, observou-se que parâmetros clínicos importantes como massa corporal, IMC, gordura visceral, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, triglicérides, VLDL-colesterol e transaminases hepáticas apresentaram-se mais alterados em pacientes com EHNA, os quais melhoram após tratamento. Além disso, a energia total e ingestão de macronutrientes reduziram significativamente em ambos os grupos. Observou-se correlação positiva entre AgRP e a gordura visceral em todos os pacientes, e correlação negativa entre NPY/AgRP com a concentração de adiponectina apenas em adolescentes obesos com EHNA. Ao analisar a influência da dieta nos neuropeptídeos orexígenos, apenas os pacientes com EHNA apresentaram correlação positiva entre a ingestão de ácidos graxos saturados com os neuropeptídeos orexígenos (NPY e AgRP); e carboidrato com NPY. Foi observada correlação positiva entre ingestão de energia, (%) de lipídio e ácidos graxos saturados com o acúmulo de gordura visceral. Conclusão: Os pacientes com EHNA apresentaram parâmetros clínicos mais alterados ao compará-los àqueles que não possuíam esta doença, incluindo a correlação negativa entre adiponectina e NPY/AgRP. Estes resultados sugeriram que adolescentes obesos com EHNA apresentaram perfil inflamatório alterado, o qual pode influenciar na regulação neuroendócrina do balanço energético indicando uma barreira adicional na terapia de redução de peso. Além disso, nossos achados revelaram uma importante influência da composição da dieta no sistema orexígeno, sendo essencial considerar a ingestão excessiva de gordura saturada como um fator determinante para o desenvolvimento de EHNA.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Psicofarmacologia (AFIP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)FAPESP: 2008/53069-0FAPESP: 2006/00684-3FAPESP (CEPID/Sono): 9814303-3TED

Uso de redes sociais, influência da mídia e insatisfação com a imagem corporal de adolescentes brasileiras

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar relações entre a influência da mídia e o uso de redes sociais na imagem corporal (IC) de adolescentes do sexo feminino. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com meninas adolescentes estudantes de escola pública e de uma organização não governamental da capital e do interior de São Paulo. Além de variáveis sociodemográficas e antropométricas, a avaliação da (IC) foi realizada pela Escala de Silhuetas Brasileiras. A influência da mídia foi avaliada pela subescala 1 de internalização geral da Escala de Atitudes Socioculturais em Relação à Aparência (SATAQ-3). Por fim, foram aplicadas perguntas sobre a frequência de acesso às mídias sociais e possível influência delas na IC. Resultados Participaram 212 meninas (14,8; DP 1,69 anos), sendo a maioria eutrófica (65,1%), pertencentes às classes sociais D e E, com escolaridade materna correspondente ao ensino médio completo; 85,8% estavam insatisfeitas com a IC; a maioria desejava uma silhueta menor. As meninas que escolheram figuras menores como desejadas apresentaram valores superiores na SATAQ-3 (p < 0,001). O acesso diário maior de 10 vezes ao dia ao Facebook e Instagram aumentou a chance de insatisfação em 6,57 e 4,47 vezes, respectivamente. Conclusão As mídias, incluindo as redes sociais, estão associadas à insatisfação da IC de meninas adolescentes

Cut-Off Values of Visceral Adiposity to Predict NAFLD in Brazilian Obese Adolescents

Objectives. The present study aimed at determining cut-off points of visceral fat to predict NAFLD and analyzed metabolic disorders of obese adolescents. Methods. Cross-sectional study involved 165 obese adolescents ranged in age from 15 to 19 years. Glycemia, hepatic transaminases, lipid profile, and insulin resistance were analyzed. Visceral and subcutaneous fat were measured by ultrasound and body composition by plesthysmography. Results. The NAFLD adolescents had significantly higher values for body mass, BMI-for-age, BMI, total fat, waist circumference, and visceral fat when compared with non-NAFLD obese adolescents in both genders. Moreover, there were significant positive correlations between visceral fat with the variables BMI-for-age (r=0.325,), TG (r=0.277), AST (r=0.509), ALT (r=0.519), WC (r=0.390), and visceral/subcutaneous ratio (r=0.790) for NAFLD group. Total fat, triglycerides, and visceral fat were the independent predictors to NAFLD. Analysis of the ROC curves revealed cut-off points of visceral fat of 4.47 cm for girls and 4.21 cm for boys. Conclusions. The results may suggest that abdominal ultrasonography procedure may be a safe alternative method of assessing visceral adiposity aiming to be considered to the development of preventive and treatment strategies in obese individuals. This clinial trial is registered with ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT01358773)

Waist circumference as a marker for screening nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese adolescents

Abstract Objective: To assess the relationship between the degree of waist circumference (WC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese adolescents of both genders, analyzed according to quartiles of WC. Methods: Cross-sectional study that involved 247 obese adolescents aged 12–19 years. Mean values of the nutritional parameters and serum analyses were compared with the groups using the independent t-test. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship of the parameters studied. Chi-square test for trend was used to determine the relationship between the prevalence of the NAFLD and WC quartile by gender. Results: NAFLD were presented in 60% of the study participants. Obese adolescents in the 3rd and 4th quartiles of WC presented higher prevalence of NAFLD when compared with that in the 1st quartile in both genders. The NAFLD patients had significantly higher values for body weight, BMI (body mass index), BAZ-score (BMI-for-age z-scores), total fat (% and kg), WC, visceral fat, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, when compared with non-NAFLD obese adolescents. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results presented here suggest that an increase in WC can reliably predict the risk of NAFLD in obese adolescents. This is a low cost and easy-to-use tool that can help in screening in adolescents

The role of free fatty acids in the inflammatory and cardiometabolic profile in adolescents with metabolic syndrome engaged in interdisciplinary therapy

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if interdisciplinary therapy can influence the cardiometabolic and serum free fatty acid profile. The second aim was to evaluate if there is an association between serum free fatty acids, inflammation and cardiometabolic biomarkers in obese adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome submitted to a long-term interdisciplinary therapy. The study involved 108 postpuberty obese adolescents, who were divided according to metabolic syndrome (MetS) diagnosis: MetS (n=32) and Non-MetS (n=76). The interdisciplinary therapy consisted of a 1-year period of nutrition, psychology, physical exercise and clinical support. After therapy, both groups improved metabolic, inflammatory (leptin, adiponectin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, adiponectin/leptin ratio and C-reactive protein) and cardiometabolic profile (PAI-1 and ICAM). Metabolic syndrome prevalence reduced from 28.70% to 12.96%. Both groups reduced myristic acid (C14:0) and increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3), heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA, C21:5n3) and arachidonic acid (C20:4n6). After adjustment for metabolic syndrome and the number of metabolic syndrome parameters, multiple regression analysis showed that changes in VCAM and PAI-1 were negatively associated with changes in cis-linoleic acid (C18:2n6c). Additionally, changes in trans-linoleic acid (C18:2n6t) were also positively associated with these biomarkers. Moreover, leptin and leptin/adiponectin ratio were negatively associated with changes in docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5n3) and stearidonic acid (SDA, C18:4n3). Adiponectin/leptin ratio was positively associated with docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5n3). Changes in adiponectin were positively correlated with changes in omega 3, such as heneicosapentaenoic acid (HPA, C21:5n3) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5n3). Results support that interdisciplinary therapy can control inflammatory and cardiometabolic profile in obese adolescents. Moreover, serum fatty acids can be influenced by lifestyle changes and are able to modulate these biomarkers. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)AFIPCEPECEMSAUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Programa Posgrad Nutr, Sao Paulo, BrazilCtr Univ Sao Camilo, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Lab Fisiol Nutr, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Fisiol Geral, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, BrazilWeight Sci, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Programa Posgrad Nutr, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, BrazilCNPq: 141533/2012-9CNPq: 300654/2013-8CAPES: AUX-PE-PNPD 2566/2011FAPESP: 2011/50356-0FAPESP: 2011/50414-0FAPESP: 2013/041364Web of Scienc