The demographics of the Perm region from an obstetric point of view

The purpose of this research is to analyze the demographic situation in Perm region with the assessment of obstetric indicators. The information is obtained from the official data of the Department of Population and Health Statistics of the Territorial Agency of the Federal State Service of State Statistics of Perm Region (PERMSTAT) for 1990-2017. The dynamics of population, fertility and mortality, natural increase (decrease), gender and age structure of the population were objects of this study. Results: Perm region birth rate is characterized as low, and with a tendency to estimate it is very low (approaching 10 percentile). From 2006, the number of observables during pregnancy increased until 2015 in the city of Perm and until 2012 in Perm Region. Since 2012, there has been a decrease in patients registered for pregnancy (by 9.2% of Perm in 2016 and by 22% in Perm Region for 2017). Within 10 years, there is a tendency to increase the load on the examination and treatment of pregnant women on an outpatient basis, in connection with which there has been a reduction of stationary obstetric beds in 2012 with PC by 32.2%. The age and sex structure of the regional population belongs to a pronounced regressive type. Conclusion: In the features of the current demographic situation, the most attention should be given to measures aimed at preserving and increasing the reproductive potential of the Russian Federation.Цель исследования: анализ демографической ситуации в Пермском крае (ПК) с оценкой акушерских показателей. Сведения получены из официальных данных отдела статистики населения и здравоохранения Территориального органа Федеральной государственной службы государственной статистики по ПК (ПЕРМЬСТАТ) за 1990-2017гг. Изучена динамика численности населения, рождаемости и смертности, естественный прирост (убыль), гендерная и возрастная структура населения. Результаты: Показатель рождаемости в ПК характеризуется как низкий, причем с тенденцией к оценке очень низкий (приближается к показателю 10%о). С 2006 года количество наблюдаемых по беременности увеличивалось до 2015 года по г. Перми и до 2012 года в Пермском крае. Начиная с 2012 года, отмечено снижение пациенток, вставших на учет по беременности (на 9,2% г. Пермь за 2016г и на 22% в ПК за 2017г). В течение 10 лет отмечается тенденция увеличения нагрузки по обследованию и лечению беременных в амбулаторных условиях, в связи, с чем наблюдается сокращение стационарных акушерских коек в 2012г в ПК на 32,2 %. Возрастно-половая структура населения края относится к выраженному регрессивному типу. Выводы: 1. В особенностях современной демографической ситуации следует наибольшее внимание отводить мероприятиям, направленным на сохранение и увеличение репродуктивного потенциала Р

Abnormal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during pregnancy (review)

The article presents the issues of epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of abnormal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during pregnancy. The main risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are demonstrated. Despite the existing methods of antenatal and delivery care, in recent years there has been an unfavorable tendency to increase the frequency of gestational diabetes. The choice of a rational research algorithm in the early stages of gestation can improve perinatal outcomes.В статье представлены вопросы эпидемиологии, патогенеза и диагностики нарушений углеводного и липидного обменов при беременности. Рассмотрены основные факторы риска гестационного сахарного диабета (ГСД). Несмотря на существующие методы антенатального наблюдения и родовспоможения, число беременных с гестационным диабетом постоянно увеличивается. Выбор рационального алгоритма обследования на ранних сроках гестации позволит улучшить перинатальные исходы

Translation of Musaev, M. A., A. M. Surkova, Ya. Ya. Elchiev, and F. K. Alieva. 1966. A new species of coccidium of the genus \u3ci\u3eEimeria\u3c/i\u3e from the domestic duck, \u3ci\u3eAnas domestica\u3c/i\u3e [= Novyi vid koktsidii iz roda \u3ci\u3eEimeria\u3c/i\u3e ot domasnie utki, \u3ci\u3eAnas domestica\u3c/i\u3e. \u3ci\u3eIzvest. Akademie Nauk Azerbaid. SSR\u3c/i\u3e, Otdel. Ottisk, Baku, USSR 1966(3): 34-36

Translation number 17, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States, October 13, 1969 (5 pages) Translation of Musaev, M. A., A. M. Surkova, Ya. Ya. Elchiev, and F. K. Alieva. 1966. A new species of coccidium of the genus Eimeria from the domestic duck, Anas domestica [= Novyi vid koktsidii iz roda Eimeria ot domasnie utki, Anas domestica. Izvest. Akademie Nauk Azerbaid. SSR, Otdel. Ottisk, Baku, USSR 1966(3): 34-36 Translation from Russian to English by Frederick K. Plous, Jr., and edited by Norman D. Levine (notated NDL:cml

Identification and In Vivo Characterization of NvFP-7R, a Developmentally Regulated Red Fluorescent Protein of Nematostella vectensis

In recent years, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis has emerged as a critical model organism for comparative genomics and developmental biology. Although Nematostella is a member of the anthozoan cnidarians (known for producing an abundance of diverse fluorescent proteins (FPs)), endogenous patterns of Nematostella fluorescence have not been described and putative FPs encoded by the genome have not been characterized.We described the spatiotemporal expression of endogenous red fluorescence during Nematostella development. Spatially, there are two patterns of red fluorescence, both restricted to the oral endoderm in developing polyps. One pattern is found in long fluorescent domains associated with the eight mesenteries and the other is found in short fluorescent domains situated between tentacles. Temporally, the long domains appear simultaneously at the 12-tentacle stage. In contrast, the short domains arise progressively between the 12- and 16-tentacle stage. To determine the source of the red fluorescence, we used bioinformatic approaches to identify all possible putative Nematostella FPs and a Drosophila S2 cell culture assay to validate NvFP-7R, a novel red fluorescent protein. We report that both the mRNA expression pattern and spectral signature of purified NvFP-7R closely match that of the endogenous red fluorescence. Strikingly, the red fluorescent pattern of NvFP-7R exhibits asymmetric expression along the directive axis, indicating that the nvfp-7r locus senses the positional information of the body plan. At the tissue level, NvFP-7R exhibits an unexpected subcellular localization and a complex complementary expression pattern in apposed epithelia sheets comprising each endodermal mesentery.These experiments not only identify NvFP-7R as a novel red fluorescent protein that could be employed as a research tool; they also uncover an unexpected spatio-temporal complexity of gene expression in an adult cnidarian. Perhaps most importantly, our results define Nematostella as a new model organism for understanding the biological function of fluorescent proteins in vivo

Monitoring of Gene Expression in Bacteria during Infections Using an Adaptable Set of Bioluminescent, Fluorescent and Colorigenic Fusion Vectors

A family of versatile promoter-probe plasmids for gene expression analysis was developed based on a modular expression plasmid system (pZ). The vectors contain different replicons with exchangeable antibiotic cassettes to allow compatibility and expression analysis on a low-, midi- and high-copy number basis. Suicide vector variants also permit chromosomal integration of the reporter fusion and stable vector derivatives can be used for in vivo or in situ expression studies under non-selective conditions. Transcriptional and translational fusions to the reporter genes gfpmut3.1, amCyan, dsRed2, luxCDABE, phoA or lacZ can be constructed, and presence of identical multiple cloning sites in the vector system facilitates the interchange of promoters or reporter genes between the plasmids of the series. The promoter of the constitutively expressed gapA gene of Escherichia coli was included to obtain fluorescent and bioluminescent expression constructs. A combination of the plasmids allows simultaneous detection and gene expression analysis in individual bacteria, e.g. in bacterial communities or during mouse infections. To test our vector system, we analyzed and quantified expression of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis virulence genes under laboratory conditions, in association with cells and during the infection process

Efficiency of Organelle Capture by Microtubules as a Function of Centrosome Nucleation Capacity: General Theory and the Special Case of Polyspermia

Transport of organelles along microtubules is essential for the cell metabolism and morphogenesis. The presented analysis derives the probability that an organelle of a given size comes in contact with the microtubule aster. The question is asked how this measure of functionality of the microtubule aster is controlled by the centrosome. A quantitative model is developed to address this question. It is shown that for the given set of cellular parameters, such as size and total tubulin content, a centrosome nucleation capacity exists that maximizes the probability of the organelle capture. The developed general model is then applied to the capture of the female pronucleus by microtubules assembled on the sperm centrosome, following physiologically polyspermic fertilization. This application highlights an unintuitive reflection of nonlinearity of the nucleated polymerization of the cellular pool of tubulin. The prediction that the sperm centrosome should lower its nucleation capacity in the face of the competition from the other sperm is a stark illustration of the new optimality principle. Overall, the model calls attention to the capabilities of the centrosomal pathway of regulation of the transport-related functionality of the microtubule cytoskeleton. It establishes a quantitative and conceptual framework that can guide experiment design and interpretation

Особенности получения биодизеля первого поколения в аппарате с вихревым слоем

The possibility of intensifying the process of transesterification of triglycerides of carboxylic acids of vegetable oils with alcohols C1-C3 in the presence of potassium hydroxide in an apparatus with a vortex sheet is shown. Analysis of the composition of mixtures of methyl esters of carboxylic acids of sunflower oil showed that the redistribution of hydrogen and the destructive transformation in the system take place along with the transesterification reactions. This results in the expenditure of octadecyl acid ether.Показана возможность интенсификации процесса переэтерификации триглицеридов карбоновых кислот растительных масел спиртами С1-С3 в присутствии гидроксида калия в аппарате с вихревым слоем. Анализ состава смесей метиловых эфиров карбоновых кислот подсолнечного масла показал, что наряду с переэтерификацией в системе протекают реакции перераспределения водорода и деструктивные превращения, приводящие к исчезновению в биодизеле метилового эфира октадеценовой кислоты

Development of Gene Expression Markers of Acute Heat-Light Stress in Reef-Building Corals of the Genus Porites

Coral reefs are declining worldwide due to increased incidence of climate-induced coral bleaching, which will have widespread biodiversity and economic impacts. A simple method to measure the sub-bleaching level of heat-light stress experienced by corals would greatly inform reef management practices by making it possible to assess the distribution of bleaching risks among individual reef sites. Gene expression analysis based on quantitative PCR (qPCR) can be used as a diagnostic tool to determine coral condition in situ. We evaluated the expression of 13 candidate genes during heat-light stress in a common Caribbean coral Porites astreoides, and observed strong and consistent changes in gene expression in two independent experiments. Furthermore, we found that the apparent return to baseline expression levels during a recovery phase was rapid, despite visible signs of colony bleaching. We show that the response to acute heat-light stress in P. astreoides can be monitored by measuring the difference in expression of only two genes: Hsp16 and actin. We demonstrate that this assay discriminates between corals sampled from two field sites experiencing different temperatures. We also show that the assay is applicable to an Indo-Pacific congener, P. lobata, and therefore could potentially be used to diagnose acute heat-light stress on coral reefs worldwide

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8–13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05–6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50–75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life. Funding Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi–Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron

Two new convolutions for the fractional Fourier transform

In this paper we introduce two novel convolutions for the fractional Fourier transforms (FRFT), and prove natural algebraic properties of the corresponding multiplications such as commutativity, associativity and distributivity, which may be useful in signal processing and other types of applications. We analyze a consequent comparison with other known convolutions, and establish a necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of associated convolution equations of both the first and second kind in L^1(R) and L^2(R) spaces. An example satisfying the sufficient and necessary condition for the solvability of the equations is given at the end of the paper