Deconvoluting hepatic processing of carbon nanotubes

Single-wall carbon nanotubes present unique opportunities for drug delivery, but have not advanced into the clinic. Differential nanotube accretion and clearance from critical organs have been observed, but the mechanism not fully elucidated. The liver has a complex cellular composition that regulates a range of metabolic functions and coincidently accumulates most particulate drugs. Here we provide the unexpected details of hepatic processing of covalently functionalized nanotubes including receptor-mediated endocytosis, cellular trafficking and biliary elimination. Ammonium-functionalized fibrillar nanocarbon is found to preferentially localize in the fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium of the liver but not resident macrophages. Stabilin receptors mediate the endocytic clearance of nanotubes. Biocompatibility is evidenced by the absence of cell death and no immune cell infiltration. Towards clinical application of this platform, nanotubes were evaluated for the first time in non-human primates. The pharmacologic profile in cynomolgus monkeys is equivalent to what was reported in mice and suggests that nanotubes should behave similarly in humans

New triorganotin(IV) complexes of polyfunctional S,N,O-Ligands

The new sodium bis(2-pyridylthio)acetate ligand, Na[(pyS)(2)CHCO2], has been prepared in ethanol solution using 2-mercaptopyridine, dibromoacetic acid and NaOH. New tri-organotin(IV) derivatives containing the anionic bis(2-pyridylthio)acetate have been synthesized from reaction between SnR3Cl (R = Me, Bu-n, Ph and Cy) acceptors and Na[(pyS)(2)CHCO2]. Complexes of the type {[(pyS)(2)CHCO2]SnR3} have been obtained and characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, ESI-MS, multinuclear (H-1 and Sn-119) NMR spectral data and X-ray crystallography. Crystallisation of the compound {[(pyS)(2)CHCO2]Sn(CH3)(3)}(n), from chloroform/ diethyl ether solution, yielded the complex {[(pyS)(2)CHCO2]Sn(CH3)(3)}(n)center dot CHCl3, which has been characterized by X-ray crystallography

The First Nitro-Substituted Heteroscorpionate Ligand

The new dihydridobis(3-nitro-1,2,4-triazolyl)borate ligand, [H2B(tz(NO2))(2)](-), has been synthesized in dimethylacetamide solution, using 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole and KBH4 through careful temperature control, and characterized as its potassium salt. The zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes, {M[H2B(tZ(NO2))(2)]Cl(H2O)(2)], have been prepared by metathesis of [H2B(tz(NO2))(2)]K with ZnCl2 and CdCl2, respectively. The complexes likely contain a metal core in which the ligand is coordinated to the metal ions in the k(2) -N,N' or k(4)-N,N',O,O' fashion. A single-crystal structural characterization is reported for the potassium dihydrobis(3-nitro-1,2,4-triazolyl)borate. The potassium salt is polymeric and shows several K...N and K...O interactions

Silver(I)-organophosphane complexes of the dihydridobis(3-nitro-1,2,4-triazolyl)borate ligand. X-ray crystal structure of {[H2B(tzNO2)2]Ag[P(m-tolyl)3]2} with the scorpionate ligand co-ordinated in an unidentate κ1-N fashion

New silver(I) complexes have been synthesised from the reaction of AgNO3, monodentate PR3 (PR3 = P(o-tolyl)(3), P(m-tolyl)(3), P(p-tolyl)(3), P(p-C6H4F), SeP(C6H5)(3)) or bidentate tertiary (dppe = bis(diphenylpliosphane)ethane, dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphane)ferrocene) phosphanes and potassium d ihydrobis(3-nitro- 1,2,4-triazolyl) borate, K[H2B(tz(NO2))(2)]. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, ESI-MS and multinuclear (H-1 and P-31) NMIR. spectral data. The adduct {[H2B(tz(NO2))(2)]Ag[P(m-tolyl)(3)](2)} has been characterized by single crystal X-ray studies. In the former, the H2B( tz(NO2))(2) acts as a monodentate ligand utilizing the coordinating capability of only one of the additional (exo-) ring nitrogens to complete the coordination array about the silver atom

Synthesis, pharmacokinetics, and biological use of lysine-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes [Erratum]

Mulvey JJ, Feinberg EN, Alidori S, et al. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:4245–4255.On page 4249 the Supplementary materials statement should have included a hyperlink to the Supplementary materials. The link is included below:http://www.dovepress.com/get_supplementary_file.php?f=79726.pdfRead the original article&nbsp

New (diphenylphosphane)benzoic acid copper(I) derivatives of “scorpionate” ligands with superoxide scavenging activity

New copper(l) complexes have been synthesized from the reaction of CuCl with 4- or 2-(diphenylphosphane)benzoic acid and KH2B(btz)(2), KHB(btz)(3), NaTp(Mc), KpzTp, KpzTp(Me) and KH2B(im)(2)(dmac). The complexes obtained have been characterized by elemental analyses and FT-IR in the solid state, and by NMR (H-1 and P-31{H-1}) and electrospray mass spectroscopy in solution. Chemiluminescence technique was used to evaluate the superoxide scavenging activity of these new copper complexes

New copper(I) phosphane complexes of dihydridobis(3-nitro-1,2,4-triazolyl)borate ligand showing cytotoxic activity

New copper(I) complexes of the type [H2B(tzNO2)2]Cu[PR3]2 (1–5), [H2B (tzNO2)2]Cu[dppe] (6) and [H2B(tzNO2)2]Cu[PR3] (7, 8) have been synthesized from the reaction of CuCl, potassium dihydrobis(3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)borate, K[H2B (tzNO2)2], and mono- or bidentate tertiary phosphanes. The complexes obtained have been characterized by elemental analyses and FT-IR in the solid state, and by NMR (1H and 31P{1H}) spectroscopy in solution. Selected complexes 1, 3 and 5 have also been tested against a panel of several human tumor cell lines in order to evaluate their cytotoxic activity. Complexes 1 and 5 showed IC50 values appreciably lower than those exhibited by cisplatin, the most used metal-based antitumor drug. It is worth noting that all three tested Cu(I) complexes appear to be particularly effective against A549 carcinoma cells that are resistant to cisplatin treatment

Drone classification using mmWave micro-Doppler radar measurements

As the number of drones, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), rapidly rises, their detection becomes a very important task in outdoor surveillance, to prevent accidents or inappropriate use. With this goal it is also important to collect as much information as possible about the drone and this can be obtained with radar systems, exploiting the micro-Doppler signature of the drone: preliminary information can be obtained by using machine learning (ML) classification techniques but also by measuring the rotational speed of the propellers. The proposed approach described in this work can provide a better understanding of the detected UAVs which can be used to improve the safety of outdoor spaces

A new ester substituted heteroscorpionate ligand

The new dihydrobis(3 -carboxyethyl-5-methylpyrazolyl)borate ligand Bp(COOET,Me) is prepared as its potassium salt in kerosene solution, using ethyl 3-methylpyrazole-5-carboxylate and KBH4, through careful temperature control. Bp(COOET,Me) reacts with CuCl and PPh3 to yield the {Cu(Bp(COOET,Me))PPh3} complex. BPCOOET,Me and {Cu(BPCOOET, me)PPh3) have been fully characterized by elemental analyses and FT-IR in the solid state and by NMR (H-1, C-13 and (31)p) spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in solution. A single crystal structural characterization is reported for {Cu(Bp(COOET,Me))PPh3]