Presencia del trap en los medios españoles. Casos El País y MondoSonoro. Evolución: mayo 2018 versus mayo 2020.

El trap es uno de los géneros musicales que se ha visto envuelto en una mayor controversia durante los últimos años: apropiación cultural, machismo y todo un movimiento social escondido detrás del Auto-Tune, los hi hats y sus ritmos lentos en las bases. A pesar de ello, no es uno de los géneros más apreciados por los medios de comunicación españoles. En este trabajo se pretende un análisis acerca de la repercusión y evolución que este género tiene en el periodismo digital español. Para ello se han seleccionado dos de los medios más representativos en sus respectivos campos: por un lado como medio generalista el diario El País, y por otro, como una de las revistas digitales especializadas en música MondoSonoro. Se estudiarán estas cabeceras en sus respectivas versiones digitales durante el marco temporal establecido en mayo de 2018 y mayo de 2020 y se extraerán conclusiones acerca de la forma y el contenido que definen al trap en los medios de comunicación españoles.<br /

Electrophoretic mobility of supercoiled, catenated and knotted DNA molecules

We systematically varied conditions of two-dimensional (2D) agarose gel electrophoresis to optimize separation of DNA topoisomers that differ either by the extent of knotting, the extent of catenation or the extent of supercoiling. To this aim we compared electrophoretic behavior of three different families of DNA topoisomers: (i) supercoiled DNA molecules, where supercoiling covered the range extending from covalently closed relaxed up to naturally supercoiled DNA molecules; (ii) postreplicative catenanes with catenation number increasing from 1 to ∼15, where both catenated rings were nicked; (iii) knotted but nicked DNA molecules with a naturally arising spectrum of knots. For better comparison, we studied topoisomer families where each member had the same total molecular mass. For knotted and supercoiled molecules, we analyzed dimeric plasmids whereas catenanes were composed of monomeric forms of the same plasmid. We observed that catenated, knotted and supercoiled families of topoisomers showed different reactions to changes of agarose concentration and voltage during electrophoresis. These differences permitted us to optimize conditions for their separation and shed light on physical characteristics of these different types of DNA topoisomers during electrophoresi

The abundance of Fob1 modulates the efficiency of rRFBs to stall replication forks

14 p.-7 fig.In eukaryotes, ribosomal genes (rDNA) are organized in tandem repeats localized in one or a few clusters. Each repeat encompasses a transcription unit and a non-transcribed spacer. Replication forks moving in the direction opposite to transcription are blocked at specific sites called replication fork barriers (rRFBs) in the non-transcribed spacer close to the 3΄ end of the transcription unit. Here, we investigated and quantified the efficiency of rRFBs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to this end transfected budding yeast cells that express dissimilar quantities of Fob1 with circular minichromosomes containing different copies of the minimal 20-bp DNA segment that bind Fob1. To identify fork stalling we used high-resolution 2D agarose gel electrophoresis. The results obtained indicated that neighbor DNA sequences and the relative abundance of Fob1 modulate the efficiency of rRFBs to stall replication forks.Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad [BFU2014-56835 to J.B.S.]. Funding for open access charge: Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad [BFU2014-56835].Peer reviewe

La eficacia civil de los matrimonios de las minorías religiosas en el ordenamiento español. La eficacia civil de los matrimonios de las minorías religiosas en el ordenamiento español.

Ante la diversidad cultural y religiosa presente en la sociedad española en el tiempo que nos concierne, es necesario abordar la cuestión del reconocimiento civil del matrimonio de las minorías religiosas en el Código Civil español. En España, producen efectos civiles los matrimonios evangélico, judío e islámico en referencia a los Acuerdos de cooperación de 1992 con la FEREDE, la FCJE y la CIE. Pero con las novedades que introduce la Ley 15/2015, de la Jurisdicción Voluntaria, de 2 de julio, los matrimonios de las confesiones que tengan notorio arraigo se incorporan al sistema equiparándose al resto de confesiones que ya disfrutaban de esta realidad. Su objetivo último es el de promover las condiciones y remover los obstáculos que impiden el ejercicio efectivo del derecho de libertad religiosa

Analysis of DNA topology of EBV minichromosomes in HEK 293 cells

16 p.-8 fig.Simian Virus 40 (SV40) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) are frequently used as model systems to study DNA replication. Their genomes are both circular duplex DNAs organized in a single replicon where replication initiates at a precise site upon binding of a specific protein: the large tumor (T) antigen for SV40 and the Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA-1) for EBV. Despite the abundant information available on the genetics and biochemistry of the replication process in these systems, little is known about the changes in DNA topology that take place as molecules are transfected into eukaryotic cells, assembled into chromatin and bind initiator proteins to start replication. Here we used high-resolution two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis to demonstrate that in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells, minichromosomes of almost the same mass carrying either the SV40 or the EBV replication origin showed similar topological features. The patterns were very similar regardless of the initiator proteins. We also showed that in a hybrid minichromosome, pEco3’Δ, that initiates replication from the SV40 origin, the presence of EBNA-1 and its putative binding to the EBV “family of repeats” induces no significant topological change. These observations challenge the idea that binding of EBNA-1 to oriP could induce negative supercoiling and favor a model suggesting that it binds to oriP in a two-step process where only the second step causes structural changes in a transient cell cycle specific manner.This work was supported by Grant 14-INV-062 from the Paraguayan CONACYT-PROCIENCIA program to MJFN; Grant BFU2014-56835 from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad to JBS.Peer reviewe

Electrophoretic mobility of supercoiled, catenated and knotted DNA molecules

10 p.-7 fig.6 tab. Cebrián, Jorge et al. Este artículo forma parte de tesis doctoral https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/120925We systematically varied conditions of twodimensional(2D) agarose gel electrophoresis to optimize separation of DNA topoisomers that differ either by the extent of knotting, the extent of catenation or the extent of supercoiling. To this aim we compared electrophoretic behavior of three different families of DNA topoisomers: (i) supercoiled DNA molecules, where supercoiling covered the range extending from covalently closed relaxed up to naturally supercoiled DNA molecules; (ii) postreplicative catenanes with catenation number increasing from 1 to ∼15, where both catenated rings were nicked; (iii) knotted but nicked DNA molecules with a naturally arising spectrum of knots. For better comparison, we studied topoisomer families where each member had the same total molecular mass. For knotted and supercoiled molecules, we analyzed dimeric plasmids whereas catenanes were composed of monomeric forms of the same plasmid. We observed that catenated, knotted and supercoiled families of topoisomers showed different reactions to changes of agarose concentration and voltage during electrophoresis.These differences permitted us to optimize conditions for their separation and shed light on physical characteristics of these different types of DNA topoisomers during electrophoresis.Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad [BFU2011-22489 to J.B.S.]; Leverhulme Trust [RP2013-K-017 to A.S.]. Funding for open access charge: Spanish Downloaded from http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/ at Centro de Información y Documentación Científica on February 3, 2015 Nucleic Acids Research, 2014 9 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad [BFU2011-22489 to J.B.S.]; Leverhulme Trust [RP2013-K-017 to A.S.].Peer reviewe

Direct evidence for the formation of precatenanes during DNA replication.

11 págs.; 9 figs. este artículo forma parte de tesis doctoral https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/120925The dynamics of DNA topology during replication are still poorly understood. Bacterial plasmids are negatively supercoiled. This underwinding facilitates strand separation of the DNA duplex during replication. Leading the replisome, a DNA helicase separates the parental strands that are to be used as templates. This strand separation causes overwinding of the duplex ahead. If this overwinding persists, it would eventually impede fork progression. In bacteria, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV act ahead of the fork to keep DNA underwound. However, the processivity of the DNA helicase might overcome DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It was proposed that the overwinding that builds up ahead of the fork could force it to swivel and diffuse this positive supercoiling behind the fork where topoisomerase IV would also act to maintain replicating the DNA underwound. Putative intertwining of sister duplexes in the replicated region are called precatenanes. Fork swiveling and the formation of precatenanes, however, are still questioned. Here, we used classical genetics and high resolution two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis to examine the torsional tension of replication intermediates of three bacterial plasmids with the fork stalled at different sites before termination. The results obtained indicated that precatenanes do form as replication progresses before termination. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.This work was supported by Grant BFU2011-22489 from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and European FEDER Funds (to J. B. S.).Peer reviewe

Histogram showing the efficiency of different concentrations of chloroquine to introduce (+) ΔLk in pAC_SV40<i>ori</i> (6,126 bp) and pAC_EBV<i>oriP</i> (6,108 bp).

<p>The number of (+) ΔLk introduced by the different concentrations of chloroquine corresponds to the number of topoisomers that lay between the topoisomer that migrated with a ΔLk = 0 after the first dimension and the topoisomer that migrated with a ΔLk = 0 after the second dimension (see broken red lines in Figs <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0188172#pone.0188172.g002" target="_blank">2</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0188172#pone.0188172.g003" target="_blank">3</a>). Note that the net number of (+) supercoils introduced was almost identical in both cases.</p

Schematic model illustrating the interaction of EBNA-1 with the DS and the FR of <i>oriP</i> in two steps.

<p><b>A:</b> In the first step EBNA-1 binds to its cognate DNA sites wrapped around nucleosomes throughout most of the cell cycle. This interaction does not cause removal or the precise positioning of nucleosomes within or adjacent to the FR and DS elements of <i>oriP</i>. <b>B:</b> In the second step, which is cell cycle specific, an unknown factor (?) causes structural conformation changes that leads to the formation of a loop between the DS and the FR. This conformational change allows the melting of A+T rich regions and initiation of DNA replication close to the DS element. <b>C:</b> Once proteins are removed the minichromosome shows a linking difference (ΔLk) corresponding to approximately -1 per nucleosome removed. The gray circle highlights a RH crossing. In the diagram the original molecule shown in (A) would end-up negatively supercoiled with a ΔLk = -12. The relative position of the DS and the FR are shown in yellow and blue and the putative replication initiation site is marked in red. Double-stranded DNA is represented in green and blue.</p