Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for FIGO stage 1 ovarian cancer (Review)

Background This is an updated version of the original review that was first published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 4. Laparoscopy has become an increasingly common approach to surgical staging of apparent early-stage ovarian tumours. This review was undertaken to assess the available evidence on the benefits and risks of laparoscopy compared with laparotomy for the management of International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I ovarian cancer. Objectives To evaluate the benefits and risks of laparoscopy compared with laparotomy for the surgical treatment of FIGO stage I ovarian cancer (stages Ia, Ib and Ic). Search methods For the original review, we searched the Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Group Trials (CGCRG) Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2007, Issue 2), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Biological Abstracts and CancerLit from 1 January 1990 to 30 November 2007. We also handsearched relevant journals, reference lists of identified studies and conference abstracts. For this updated review, we extended the CGCRG Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS searches to 6 December 2011. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-RCTs and prospective cohort studies comparing laparoscopic staging with open surgery (laparotomy) in women with stage I ovarian cancer according to FIGO. Data collection and analysis There were no studies to include, therefore we tabulated data from non-randomised studies (NRS) for discussion. Main results We performed no meta-analyses. Authors’ conclusions This review has found no good-quality evidence to help quantify the risks and benefits of laparoscopy for the management of earlystage ovarian cancer as routine clinical practice

Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for FIGO stage 1 ovarian cancer (Review)

Background Over the past ten years laparoscopy has become an increasingly common approach for the surgical removal of early stage ovarian tumours. There remains uncertainty about the value of this intervention. This review has been undertaken to assess the available evidence of the benefits and harms of laparoscopic surgery for the management of early stage ovarian cancer compared to laparotomy. Objectives To evaluate the benefits and harms of laparoscopy in the surgical treatment of FIGO stage I ovarian cancer (stages Ia, Ib and Ic) when compared with laparotomy. Search methods Trials were identified by searching the Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Group Trials Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL),TheCochrane Library Issue 2, 2007,MEDLINE (January 1990 toNovember 2007), EMBASE (1990 toNovember 2007), LILACS (1990 toNovember 2007), BIOLOGICALABSTRACTS (1990 toNovember 2007) andCancerlit (1990 toNovember 2007). We also searched our own publication archives, based on prospective handsearching of relevant journals from November 2007. Reference lists of identified studies, gynaecological cancer handbooks and conference abstract were also scanned. Selection criteria Studies including patients with histologically proven stage I ovarian cancer according to the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). Studies comparing laparoscopic surgery with laparotomy for early stage ovarian cancer were only available from1990. It was anticipated that a very small number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted studying themanagement of early stage ovarian cancer. Therefore, non-randomised comparative studies, cohort studies and case-controls studies, but not studies with historical controls, were also considered. Data collection and analysis Data extraction was performed independently by five review authors (LRM, DDR, MIR, MCB and MIE) who assessed study quality and quality of extracted data. Extracted data included trial characteristics, characteristics of the study participants, interventions and outcomes. The quality of non RCTs was assessed using appropriate quality evaluations tools from the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) and from the Newcastle-Ottawa tool for observational studies (NOS). Main results No RCTs were identified. Three observational studies were identified. Authors’ conclusions This review has found no evidence to help quantify the value of laparoscopy for the management of early stage ovarian cancer as routine clinical practice

Evidências para uma etiologia comum entre carcinomas de endométrio e tumores malignos mullerianos mistos

Resumo não disponível

Avaliação da história familiar de câncer como co-fator associado ao aumento do risco de câncer de cérvice uterina

O câncer de cérvice uterina é um problema de saúde pública na maioria dos países em desenvolvimento e também nos países desenvolvidos. Não só porque acomete mulheres relativamente jovens mas também porque seria prevenível caso um programa de rastreamento fosse factível de ser implantado em grande escala. Hoje se conhece muito sobre a patogênese deste câncer e de suas lesões precursoras. É reconhecido, por exemplo, que a infecção pelo Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) é imprescindível neste processo. Porém a grande maioria das mulheres infectadas por este vírus não evolui para câncer. Fatores associados, cofatores, são importantes tanto na resposta ao agente infeccioso, na persistência da infecção, quanto na evolução de lesões precursoras para lesões invasivas. Alguns destes co-fatores já são conhecidos, fumo, alta paridade, uso de anticoncepcional oral por um longo período, co-infecção pelo HIV. Outros estão sendo investigados. Um dos fatores menos estudados são as características do hospedeiro e sua capacidade de resposta à infecção e ao processo de malignização. História familiar traduz características genéticas, ambientais e culturais de um indivíduo. História familiar de câncer é fator de risco em maior ou menor intensidade para a maioria dos cânceres. Porém, este co-fator tem sido pouco estudado em relação ao câncer de cérvice. O objetivo desta tese é examinar a associação entre história familiar de câncer e risco para câncer de cérvice. Apesar de alguns estudos de base populacional e outros em amostras hospitalares terem sido feitos, nenhuma sistematização das publicações disponíveis foi ainda feita. Uma revisão dos artigos que analisavam esta associação foi feita e confirmou um excesso de risco aproximadamente duas vezes maior entre as mulheres que tem história familiar de câncer de cérvice entre parentes de primeiro grau. Além disso, foi feita a análise de dois bancos de dados, um caso-controle na região leste dos Estados Unidos e um estudo transversal em uma região da Costa Rica. Nos dois estudos, foi evidenciada uma associação positiva de história de câncer de cervice em familiares de primeiro grau e risco para câncer de cérvice. Com isso, conclui-se que história familiar de câncer é um co-fator para câncer de cérvice uterina.Cervical cancer is an important public health problem not only in most developing countries but also in industrialized ones. That is so not only because it is common among relatively young women but also because it could be prevented should screening programs be implemented in large scales. Nowadays, much is known about the pathogenesis of this cancer and its precancerous lesions. It is known that infection of the human papillovirus (HPV) virtually occurs in all cases. However, the majority of women infected by this virus do not develop cancer. Thus, related factors, co-factors, are very important in relation to the response to the infectious agent, to the persistence of the infection, and to the progression of precancerous lesions into invasive lesions. Some of these co-factors are well known; smoking, high parity, use of oral contraceptive for long periods, and co-infection with HIV. Other co-factors are being investigated. One of the factors least studied is the feature of the host and its capacity to respond to the infection and malignancy. Family history conveys the genetic, environmental and cultural characteristics of the individual. Family history of cancer is a greater or smaller risk factor in almost all cases of cancer. However, this co-factor has not been thoroughly studied as regarding cervix cancer. The objective of this thesis is to examine the association between family history of cancer and cervix cancer risk. Although some population-based studies as well as others - some with hospital samples – have been carried out, there is no systematic review of such studies. A systematic review of the 20 articles that analyzed this association was performed and it confirmed excess in risk, approximately two fold, among women with relatives of first degree with family history of cervix cancer. Furthermore, the analysis of two data bases, one case-control study in the east of the USA and a cross-sectional study in a region of Costa Rica. In both studies there was a positive association of history of cancer in first-degree relatives and risk for cervix cancer. Hence, this study concludes that cancer family history is a co-factor for uterine cervix cancer

Prevenção e manejo de pacientes oncológicos na APS

Aborda o desenvolvimento e atitude receptiva dos médicos para os pacientes que tiveram diagnostico de câncer e estão em remissão completa após o término de seu tratamento oncológico, do paciente que tem risco de desenvolver efeitos tardios dos tratamentos oncológicos, daqueles com risco de recidiva ou segundo tumor primário e daqueles com alto risco de desenvolver câncer. Além disso, revisa os conhecimentos básico desta área da medicina para embasar esta assistência e capacita a análise de dados epidemiológicos e clínicos para individualizar esta atenção

Evidências para uma etiologia comum entre carcinomas de endométrio e tumores malignos mullerianos mistos

Resumo não disponível

Avaliação da história familiar de câncer como co-fator associado ao aumento do risco de câncer de cérvice uterina

O câncer de cérvice uterina é um problema de saúde pública na maioria dos países em desenvolvimento e também nos países desenvolvidos. Não só porque acomete mulheres relativamente jovens mas também porque seria prevenível caso um programa de rastreamento fosse factível de ser implantado em grande escala. Hoje se conhece muito sobre a patogênese deste câncer e de suas lesões precursoras. É reconhecido, por exemplo, que a infecção pelo Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) é imprescindível neste processo. Porém a grande maioria das mulheres infectadas por este vírus não evolui para câncer. Fatores associados, cofatores, são importantes tanto na resposta ao agente infeccioso, na persistência da infecção, quanto na evolução de lesões precursoras para lesões invasivas. Alguns destes co-fatores já são conhecidos, fumo, alta paridade, uso de anticoncepcional oral por um longo período, co-infecção pelo HIV. Outros estão sendo investigados. Um dos fatores menos estudados são as características do hospedeiro e sua capacidade de resposta à infecção e ao processo de malignização. História familiar traduz características genéticas, ambientais e culturais de um indivíduo. História familiar de câncer é fator de risco em maior ou menor intensidade para a maioria dos cânceres. Porém, este co-fator tem sido pouco estudado em relação ao câncer de cérvice. O objetivo desta tese é examinar a associação entre história familiar de câncer e risco para câncer de cérvice. Apesar de alguns estudos de base populacional e outros em amostras hospitalares terem sido feitos, nenhuma sistematização das publicações disponíveis foi ainda feita. Uma revisão dos artigos que analisavam esta associação foi feita e confirmou um excesso de risco aproximadamente duas vezes maior entre as mulheres que tem história familiar de câncer de cérvice entre parentes de primeiro grau. Além disso, foi feita a análise de dois bancos de dados, um caso-controle na região leste dos Estados Unidos e um estudo transversal em uma região da Costa Rica. Nos dois estudos, foi evidenciada uma associação positiva de história de câncer de cervice em familiares de primeiro grau e risco para câncer de cérvice. Com isso, conclui-se que história familiar de câncer é um co-fator para câncer de cérvice uterina.Cervical cancer is an important public health problem not only in most developing countries but also in industrialized ones. That is so not only because it is common among relatively young women but also because it could be prevented should screening programs be implemented in large scales. Nowadays, much is known about the pathogenesis of this cancer and its precancerous lesions. It is known that infection of the human papillovirus (HPV) virtually occurs in all cases. However, the majority of women infected by this virus do not develop cancer. Thus, related factors, co-factors, are very important in relation to the response to the infectious agent, to the persistence of the infection, and to the progression of precancerous lesions into invasive lesions. Some of these co-factors are well known; smoking, high parity, use of oral contraceptive for long periods, and co-infection with HIV. Other co-factors are being investigated. One of the factors least studied is the feature of the host and its capacity to respond to the infection and malignancy. Family history conveys the genetic, environmental and cultural characteristics of the individual. Family history of cancer is a greater or smaller risk factor in almost all cases of cancer. However, this co-factor has not been thoroughly studied as regarding cervix cancer. The objective of this thesis is to examine the association between family history of cancer and cervix cancer risk. Although some population-based studies as well as others - some with hospital samples – have been carried out, there is no systematic review of such studies. A systematic review of the 20 articles that analyzed this association was performed and it confirmed excess in risk, approximately two fold, among women with relatives of first degree with family history of cervix cancer. Furthermore, the analysis of two data bases, one case-control study in the east of the USA and a cross-sectional study in a region of Costa Rica. In both studies there was a positive association of history of cancer in first-degree relatives and risk for cervix cancer. Hence, this study concludes that cancer family history is a co-factor for uterine cervix cancer