The “Political Functions” of “Pilgrimage” in Shiite Political Culture

In this paper, the political functions of pilgrimage in Shiite political culture at both national and international levels are studied. It is attempting to answer the question of what are the political functions of pilgrimage in Shiite political culture and how do they affect the political arena at national and international levels? The article is inspired by Durkheim's theory of the impact of social rituals on solidarity, theoretical literature on political socialization, as well as on the political effects of the religious and spiritual. However, the paper does not emphasize these theories as the theoretical framework of the article, because they are shaped in contexts that have little to do with Iranian society. Therefore, relying on them can lead to misleading results in scientific research in relation to Iranian society. At the national level, the functions of political socialization, the development of personal and social identity, political stability and the strengthening of national solidarity have been examined as political functions of pilgrimage. Strengthening solidarity among nations, expanding intergovernmental relations, strengthening regional political discourses, Political and Media Streaming, and enhancing cultural deterrence capabilities have also been described as political functions of pilgrimage to the international arena. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method of documentary analysis and the results show that the role of pilgrimage in Shiite political culture is not only in the field of rituals and has a great influence in the political field

Enhanced Biodegradation Of Dispersed Crude Oil Using Marine Microorganisms

Cleanup of oceanic oil spills continues to be an important biotechnological challenge due to the highly variable nature of spills and the large number of complicating factors introduced by the environment in which they occur. Although much research in bioremediation has been conducted in the past two decades, appropriate crude oil and nutrient concentration for application of bioremediation in the marine environment is still inconclusive. Therefore this study aims to investigate the effects of crude oil concentration on its biodegradation in seawater as well as optimization of nutrient concentration for improved hydrocarbon removal in high and low initial crude oil concentrations. In the first part of study, the effects of initial oil concentration and dispersant on the rate of bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in seawater samples were investigated for four concentrations i.e. 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L. In crude oil experiments, bioreactors were supplemented with microorganisms and nutrients. KNO3 and K2HPO4 were used as nitrogen and phosphorus sources respectively. A total of 1.00 mL microorganism inocula (containing 1.2 × 107 cell /mL) were added to each bioreactor. In dispersed crude oil (DCO) experiments, bioreactors were supplemented with the dispersant Corexit 9500 at a ratio of 20:1 (w/w), crude oil-to-dispersant. In low crude oil concentrations, natural attenuation (no nutrient addition) removed 22% of crude oil in 28 days. The highest removal of 68% was observed in un-optimized condition by using nitrogen 20 mg/L and phosphorus 2 mg/L in 28 days; while process optimization exhibited a crude oil removal of 69% with nitrogen 16.05 mg/L and phosphorus 1.34 mg/L in 27 days. Thus, optimization process can improve biodegradation rate and reduce nutrient consumption

Evaluation of the Effects of Diabetes Self-Management Education based on 5A Model on the Quality of Life and Blood Glucose of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an important condition during pregnancy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of self-management education based on 5A model on the quality of life and blood glucose level of women with GDM. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 54 pregnant women who referred to the urban health care centers affiliated to the Gonabad University of Medical Sciences from March 2019 to March 2020 based on purposive sampling method. Participants were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups based on stratified random sampling using permuted block randomization method. The intervention group received self-management education program based on 5A model in five sessions during two months. Demographic data, blood glucose level, and diabetes quality of life (DQOL) questionnaire were recorded for each participant. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 16 and the level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: Mean age of the participants was 33.11 ± 5.35 years old. At the end of the intervention, the mean blood glucose level of the participants in the intervention group was significantly lower compared to the control group (p<0.001). The quality of life in the intervention group was significantly improved at the end of the intervention compared to the control group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Self-management education based on 5A model can effectively improve quality of life and blood glucose levels in women with GDM

Residual antibacterial activity of a new modified sodium hypochlorite-based endodontic irrigation solution

Objective: In this in vitro study the antibacterial substantivity of a new sodium hypochlorite-based root canal irrigant (Hypoclean) in bovine root dentin was investigated. Study Design: Ninety dentin tubes prepared from bovine incisor teeth were used. After contamination for 14 days with Enterococcus faecalis, the specimens were divided into five groups as follows: Hypoclean; Tetraclean; 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); infected dentin tubes (positive control); and sterile dentin tubes (negative control). Dentin chips were collected with round burs into tryptic soy broth and after culturing, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted. Results: The number of CFU was minimum in the first cultures in all experimental groups, and the results obtained were significantly different from each other at any time period (P < 0.05). At all five experimental periods, the Tetraclean group showed the most effective antibacterial action (P < 0.05). Regular 5.25% NaOCl group showed the worst result at all periods. Hypoclean group demonstrated no bacterial growth after treatment. In each group, the number of CFU increased significantly by time-lapse (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The residual antibacterial activity of Tetraclean was significantly greater than Hypoclean and 5.25% NaOCl. © Medicina Oral S. L

Efforts to Improve Learning Outcomes of Bullet Repellent Skills in Elementary School Students With Tail Ball Action Modifications

The sport of shot put is one of the athletic disciplines of the number throw. Bullet repulsion in general uses round-shaped iron with sizes that vary from 2kg to 7kg. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes on bullet repellent by using modified ball rope aids. This research was conducted at Margomulyo Ngawi State Elementary School 1. This study involved all grade V students with a total of 25 teriri students from 11 men and 14 women. The method used in this study is Classroom Action Research with data collection techniques through observation and test. The study was carried out using two cycles. In the first cycle, students who completed 11 (44%) while those who were not completed were 14 (56%) students with an average score of 65. In cycle II there was a significant increase in overall learning outcomes 25 (100%) students had completed learning with an average score of 86. Based on these results, it was proven that the use of ball rope modifications can improve student learning outcomes in bullet repellent material

CD73 a novel marker for the diagnosis of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors

Ecto-5?-nucleotidase (CD73) plays an important role in the development of several types of cancer; however, its prognostic significance in salivary gland tumors remains unknown. The current study was conducted to investigate the expression of CD73 in such tumors. In this retrospective study, immunohistochemical expression of CD73 was evaluated in 25 pleomorphic adenomas, 20 mucoepidermoid carcinomas and 20 adenoid cystic carcinomas using the Envision technique. Labeling indices of CD73 expression were calculated and compared between lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the CD73 expression was significantly higher in salivary gland tumors than in normal salivary gland tissue (p0.05). The findings suggest that CD73 can be an independent and useful biomarker for predicting the clinical behavior of salivary gland tumors

Benzene and MTBE removal by Fenton’s process using stabilized Nano Zero-Valent Iron particles

A bench-scale study was designed for removal of Methyl Tertio Butyl Ether (MTBE) and benzene from south of Tehran groundwater. The experiments were implemented on a one-dimensional soil column with similar chemical and physical conditions of the region. Fenton’s chemical oxidation with stabilized nano zero-valent iron particles (S-NZVI) as catalyst was used. For treatment of groundwater polluted with 2 mg L-1 MTBE and 1 mg L-1 benzene, optimum concentrations of H2O2 and S-NZVI were 1500 and 300 mg L-1, respectively. The optimum concentrations led to 78 % elimination of MTBE and 87 % of benzene. Hazardous by-products (acetone and tertio-butyl alcohol) concentrations were less than 0.1 mg L-1, which were considered to be negligible. The soil permeability was reduced to 30 % after removal process. To increase the system efficiency and reduce the consumption of iron, the reaction environment was acidified down to pH = 3.2 led to removal efficiency of 90 % and 96 % for MTBE and benzene, respectively. The scavengers (ions) reduced the system efficiency up to 15 %. This study indicates that theoretically the MTBE and benzene could be removed from groundwater using Fenton’s chemical oxidation with S-NZVI

The Effect of Rhythmic Movements on Mild Anxiety in Children of 7 to 12 Years Old with Cancer

 Background and Aim: Cancer is a chronic childhood disease with many unpleasant psychological consequences such as anxiety. The study conducted to assess the effect of rhythmic movement on mild anxiety of children with cancer.Material and Methods: This study was a Quasi-experimental study. The study population included all children aged 7 to 12 years old diagnosed with cancer who were hospitalized in oncology ward of a pediatrics hospital affiliated with Shahidbeheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. Sampling was through convenient sampling and based on the inclusion criteria. 31 children with mild anxiety chosen according to ʺSpielberger Anxiety Inventoryʺ were recruited. Rhythmic movements with hip-hop style along with playing music performed in the playing room for 45 minutes during 6 sessions. Questionnaires were recompleted on the final day of intervention (sixth day) and 3 weeks later through reading the items for children and filling by researcher. Data analyzed using SPSS V.18 by repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: The results showed significant differences between the mean values of anxiety (P&lt;0.05) score before intervention and at the end of day 6 and weeks 3.Conclusion: Rhythmic movements as a non pharmacologic intervention reduce mild anxiety in children with cancer. It is recommended that nurses use non pharmacological approaches such as rhythmic movements to reduce the psychological effects of cancer instead of using drugs