VALUE STREAM MAPPING FOR EMPLOYEE RE-IMBURSEMENT PROCESS OF AN ENTERPRISE

Every organization is striving hard on getting more work done in less time and with greater ease.  The organizations have been working continuously to improve their cycle time by minimizing the wastes within the system and maximizing their flow. It not only provides them with the improved quality at a reasonable price but also leads to the customer satisfaction by providing the right product/service at the right time. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a paper and pencil tool that helps one to see and understand the flow of material and information as a product or service makes its way through the value stream. The main objective of Value Stream Mapping is to understand the ways to lean the processes and systems. VSM is a lean tool that helps in establishing the current state of a process and helps in revealing opportunities for improvements in the process. The aim of this paper is to represent the current state of a re-imbursement process and it’s lean afterwards. The Employee Reimbursement Process for a telephonic company as an enterprise has been selected as the case study. The objective is to identify and eliminate waste which can be any activity that is not adding value to the system. At the end, the improved model for the re-imbursement has also been addressed

Assessment of Non-Compliance of Medicine and its Associated Factors among Type II Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Hospital

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A Qualitative Approach to Analyze Marketing Communication Based on AIDA Model

In present spirited business environment, marketers and advertisers are facing trouble in the selection of viable marketing channels. Obviously, mobile phone and electronic mail are the two interesting communication sources. This study aims to emphasize on the effectiveness of mobile and email marketing channels using AIDA model. The study applied qualitative approach to collect data through semi-structured interviews from the registered customers of a retailer and whole sales company “Metro-Habib Cash & Carry Pakistan (MHCCP)â€. The collected data were analyzed through matrix structure by defining themes and color codes. The sub-rows and columns were re-arranged with the help of iterative approach to properly manage the data. The study clarified that mobile marketing channel creates better market attention, interest, desire and purchase action as compared to email marketing channel

VALUE STREAM MAPPING FOR EMPLOYEE RE-IMBURSEMENT PROCESS OF AN ENTERPRISE

Every organization is striving hard on getting more work done in less time and with greater ease.  The organizations have been working continuously to improve their cycle time by minimizing the wastes within the system and maximizing their flow. It not only provides them with the improved quality at a reasonable price but also leads to the customer satisfaction by providing the right product/service at the right time. Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a paper and pencil tool that helps one to see and understand the flow of material and information as a product or service makes its way through the value stream. The main objective of Value Stream Mapping is to understand the ways to lean the processes and systems. VSM is a lean tool that helps in establishing the current state of a process and helps in revealing opportunities for improvements in the process. The aim of this paper is to represent the current state of a re-imbursement process and it’s lean afterwards. The Employee Reimbursement Process for a telephonic company as an enterprise has been selected as the case study. The objective is to identify and eliminate waste which can be any activity that is not adding value to the system. At the end, the improved model for the re-imbursement has also been addressed

UNDERSTANDING LIBRARIAN TRANSFORMATIONAL AND TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP CAPABILITIES THROUGH THE LENS OF STUDENTS RESPONSE WHILE SPENDING TIME IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

The current study tries to understand the prospective of students about librarian leadership approach during their time spent in university main library. In this regard librarian transformational leadership attributes (Articulating Vision, Individualized consideration, Group Goal, Idealized Influence) as well as transactional approach (Contingent Reward, Contingent Punishment) was assessed through the students response based on age, gender differences and their background from three different campuses. In this regard data was analyzed through SPSS via one sample t-test and ANOVA as well as regression analysis. Findings depict that students perceive librarian transformational and transactional leadership on the basis of different characteristics. Similarly students background from three different campuses also evident significant results for differentiating librarian transformational and transactional leadership abilities

Size premium, value premium and market timing: evidence from an emerging economy

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the market timing strategy in different market conditions (i.e. up, down, normal and in-financial-crisis situation) in the emerging market of Pakistan over the period 1995 to 2015. Furthermore, this study tests the validity of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and Fama and French model. Design/methodology/approach - This study considers monthly stock returns of 167 firms and constructs six different portfolios on the basis of different size and book to market ratio. The Treynor and Mazuy model is used to capture the market timing strategy. Findings - The results indicate evidence of the market timing in normal market conditions. However, there is less supportive evidence of market timing in up-market, down-market and in-financial-crisis situations. This study also confirms the validity of the capital asset pricing model and Fama and French three-factor model with strong support of value premium and size premium in the stock market. Practical implications - The findings of this study are helpful to companies in estimating the cost of issuing equity more accurately. The investors can use market timing to make their investment in a more better and profitable manner. Originality/value - Unlike other previous studies, this study considers an extended period to test the validity of the capital asset pricing model and Fama and French model. In addition, this study is novel in testing the marketing timing of the firms in the context of emerging economy of Pakistan.Objetivo - Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la estrategia de sincronización del mercado en diferentes condiciones de mercado (es decir, situación al alza, a la baja, normal y en situación de crisis financiera) en el mercado emergente de Pakistán durante el período 1995 a 2015. Además, este estudio prueba la validez de la modelo de valoración de activos de capital (CAPM) y modelo Fama y francés. Diseño / metodología / enfoque - Este estudio considera los rendimientos mensuales de las acciones de 167 empresas y construye seis carteras diferentes sobre la base de diferentes tamaños y relaciones entre libros y mercado. El modelo de Treynor y Mazuy se utiliza para capturar la estrategia de sincronización del mercado. Recomendaciones - Los resultados indican evidencia de la sincronización del mercado en condiciones normales de mercado. Sin embargo, hay menos evidencia de apoyo de la sincronización del mercado en situaciones de mercado al alza, a la baja y en situaciones de crisis financiera. Este estudio también confirma la validez del modelo de fijación de precios de los activos de capital y el modelo de tres factores de Fama y el francés con un fuerte apoyo de la prima de valor y la prima de tamaño en el mercado de valores. Implicaciones prácticas - Los hallazgos de este estudio son útiles para que las empresas estimen con mayor precisión el costo de emisión de acciones. Los inversores pueden utilizar la sincronización del mercado para hacer su inversión de una manera mejor y más rentable. Originalidad / valor - A diferencia de otros estudios anteriores, este estudio considera un período extendido para probar la validez del modelo de valoración de activos de capital y el modelo francés y de Fama. Además, este estudio es novedoso al probar el momento de comercialización de las empresas en el contexto de la economía emergente de Pakistán

Assessment of Non-Compliance of Medicine and its Associated Factors among Type II Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Hospital

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a devastating disease worldwide, and its impact on human life is alarming. Medication noncompliance is a major cause leading to serious complications and a high burden on the entire healthcare system. Objective: To assess the non-compliance of Medicine and its associated factors in type-II Diabetes mellitus. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2019 and August 2019 among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Endocrinology OPD of Dow Hospital Karachi. The Moriskey Medication Adherence Questionnaire-8 was used to assess non-compliance. A non-probability purposive technique was used for data collection, and all patients diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus were included in this study. Results: 196 participants took part in the study. Most of the participants were male (57.7%), married (85.2%), and over 50 years old (39.3%). The study found that 11.2% of participants had high compliance with medication, while 19.9% had medium adherence and 68.9% had low compliance. In univariate analysis, younger age, presence of comorbid, and prescription of tablets were associated with a lower risk of low/moderate non-compliance. On multivariable analysis, having comorbidity and advice of tablets were found to be associated with lower odds of low to moderate levels of non-adherence. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the need to identify the value of measuring patient compliance to treatment plans related to diabetes for the maintenance and co-management of this disease

Frequency of silent carotid artery stenosis in diabetics and its associated factors: An analysis in tertiary care hospital

Objective: To estimate frequency of silent carotid artery stenosis and its associated factors in diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care Civil Hospital, Karachi from March 2019 to September 2019,. A total of 166 patients with Diabetes Mellitus were included in this study. Brief history was taken for the duration of DM, treatment, and smoking habits. Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) wafrs measured by Doppler ultrasound of right and left common, internal, and external carotid arteries.Results: Frequency of silent carotid artery stenosis (CAS) in diabetic patients was observed in 28.92% (48/166) cases. The mean age ±SD of the patients was 54.8 ±7.96 years. 27 (22.29%) patients were smoker and all were male. Out of 166 diabetic patients, 59 (35.54%) were treated with insulin and 107 (64.46%) were treated with oral hypoglycemic.Conclusion: Substantial number of diabetic patients with increasing age, increased duration of diabetes and smoking habits have significant silent Silent Carotid Artery Stenosis (CAS)

Organizational Learning and Hotel Performance: The Role of Capabilities’ Hierarchy

Building on the capabilities' hierarchy concept, a model of the effect of organizational learning on hotel performance is proposed and tested in this study. Data was collected from 240 managers in the hotel industry of United Kingdom and Pakistan via survey. The results revealed strong direct interrelation between different level of capabilities and an indirect relation between organizational learning and performance through these capabilities. This paper makes theoretical contributions to both management and hospitality and tourism research by generating an integrative and unifying framework for an organizational learning performance relationship, clarifying capabilities interrelationships and empirically revealing the exact way these capabilities enhance performance. Also, it has practical implications for hotel managers' understanding on the development and use of capabilities as a hierarchy in enhancing their hotel performance