MOF-BC: A Memory Optimized and Flexible BlockChain for Large Scale Networks

BlockChain (BC) immutability ensures BC resilience against modification or removal of the stored data. In large scale networks like the Internet of Things (IoT), however, this feature significantly increases BC storage size and raises privacy challenges. In this paper, we propose a Memory Optimized and Flexible BC (MOF-BC) that enables the IoT users and service providers to remove or summarize their transactions and age their data and to exercise the "right to be forgotten". To increase privacy, a user may employ multiple keys for different transactions. To allow for the removal of stored transactions, all keys would need to be stored which complicates key management and storage. MOF-BC introduces the notion of a Generator Verifier (GV) which is a signed hash of a Generator Verifier Secret (GVS). The GV changes for each transaction to provide privacy yet is signed by a unique key, thus minimizing the information that needs to be stored. A flexible transaction fee model and a reward mechanism is proposed to incentivize users to participate in optimizing memory consumption. Qualitative security and privacy analysis demonstrates that MOF-BC is resilient against several security attacks. Evaluation results show that MOF-BC decreases BC memory consumption by up to 25\% and the user cost by more than two orders of magnitude compared to conventional BC instantiations

BlockChain: A distributed solution to automotive security and privacy

Interconnected smart vehicles offer a range of sophisticated services that benefit the vehicle owners, transport authorities, car manufacturers and other service providers. This potentially exposes smart vehicles to a range of security and privacy threats such as location tracking or remote hijacking of the vehicle. In this article, we argue that BlockChain (BC), a disruptive technology that has found many applications from cryptocurrencies to smart contracts, is a potential solution to these challenges. We propose a BC-based architecture to protect the privacy of the users and to increase the security of the vehicular ecosystem. Wireless remote software updates and other emerging services such as dynamic vehicle insurance fees, are used to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed security architecture. We also qualitatively argue the resilience of the architecture against common security attacks

Peer-to-Peer EnergyTrade: A Distributed Private Energy Trading Platform

Blockchain is increasingly being used as a distributed, anonymous, trustless framework for energy trading in smart grids. However, most of the existing solutions suffer from reliance on Trusted Third Parties (TTP), lack of privacy, and traffic and processing overheads. In our previous work, we have proposed a Secure Private Blockchain-based framework (SPB) for energy trading to address the aforementioned challenges. In this paper, we present a proof-on-concept implementation of SPB on the Ethereum private network to demonstrates SPB's applicability for energy trading. We benchmark SPB's performance against the relevant state-of-the-art. The implementation results demonstrate that SPB incurs lower overheads and monetary cost for end users to trade energy compared to existing solutions

An approach design and analysis of resource management software for multihoming in-vehicle of IPv6 network

The resource management of Multihoming in nested mobile network raises new issues in the host mobility of ipv6 network. Multihoming facilitates the possibility of switching over to the network path offering better performance. However the key factor in attaining the benefit of multihoming is to ensure that the handoff switches over from one network interface to the other interface with minimal interruption. The aim of mobility support is to make mobile nodes keep connectivity without modification when roaming. The contribution of this paper is to simulate a policy based routing protocol framework that focuses on session preservation by redundancy and Load balancing by selecting the best available interface or enabling multiple interfaces simultaneously, since their management is critical for mobile communication. To manage these two critical resources, we identify the mobility characteristics and hardware configurations of in vehicle networks. The study then proposed a policy based routing protocol using two adaptive session preservation schemes in multihoming, which is refer to as best-connected MR selections based on location and path based type to support nested network of MIPV6 which was simulated using network simulator (NS2)

A design proposer on policy framework in IPV6 network

Networked systems are increasingly driven by changing business needs, their management becomes even more complex. In order to adapt to changing business requirements, distributed systems switch from the traditional client-server model to a service-driven model: The internet service driven network is a new approach to the provision of network computing that concentrates on the services you want to provide. These services range from the low-level services that manage relationships between networked devices to the value-added services provided to the end-users. The requirements for management systems identified above, can be facilitated with policy-based management approach where the support for distribution, automation and dynamic adaptation of the behaviour of the managed system is achieved by using policies. IPV6 is one of the useful delivery protocols for future fixed and wireless/mobile network environment while multihoming is the tools for delivering such protocol to the end users. This paper proposed interface selection mechanism while the study presents a policy framework in IPv6 multihomed mobile network, policy Framework Architecture, and a case study for the framework

Molecular characterization and prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Acknowledgment We would like to thank the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for providing both the permission and the facilities to conduct and publish this research. The research was funded by a grant from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia under Economic Transformation Programme Research Fund Scheme (grant no. ETP-2013-042).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Humanism in the Age of COVID-19: Renewing Focus on Communication and Compassion

The global COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the largest clinical and operational challenges faced by emergency medicine, and our EDs continue to see increased volumes of infected patients, many of whom are not only ill, but acutely aware and fearful of their circumstances and potential mortality. Given this, there may be no more important time to focus on staff-patient communication and expression of compassion.However, many of the techniques usually employed by emergency clinicians to provide comfort to patients and their families are made more challenging or impossible by the current circumstances. Geriatric ED patients, who are at increased risk of severe disease, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of isolation.Despite many challenges, emergency clinicians have at their disposal a myriad of tools that can still be used to express compassion and empathy to their patients. Placing emphasis on using these techniques to maximize humanism in the care of COVID-19 patients during this crisis has the potential to bring improvements to ED patient care well after this pandemic has passed

2,6-Bis(2-chloro­phen­yl)-4-oxo-3,5-diphenyl­heptane-1,1,7,7-tetra­carbo­nitrile

In the title compound, C35H24Cl2N4O, the phenyl rings are oriented almost parallel to each other, making a dihedral angle of 0.6 (2)°, whereas the chloro­phenyl rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 28.3 (1)°. The crystal structure is stabilized through an extensive series of C—H⋯N, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl inter­actions. One of the C—H⋯N inter­actions generates an R 2 2(12) ring motif around a crystallographic inversion centre. C(5), C(10) and C(12) chain motifs are observed in the unit cell through C—H⋯N and C—H⋯Cl inter­actions. During the structure analysis, it was observed that the unit cell contains large accessible voids, which host disordered solvent mol­ecules. This affects the diffraction pattern, mostly at low scattering angles and was corrected with the SQUEEZE program [Spek, A. L. (2009 ▶). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155]