Evaluation of Golgol river water quality in Ilam province based on the National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI)

Background and Aims: Setting up a well arranged control plan and water quality monitoring are the most important methods for reducing water pollution and to enhance their quality. Regarding Golgol river importance as one of the main water resources which supplies Ilam dam reservoir as well as disposing different pollutants in to this river, the qualitative analysis of the Golgol river water is necessary.Materials and Methods: This study was a practical monitoring in which sampling period was conducted during 6 months from 6 stations. The qualitative parameters including: Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, TS, BOD, Turbidity, Temperature, Phosphate, Nitrate and Fecal Coliforms. The data were analyzed with National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and the river route was zoning with Geographical Information System (GIS) software.Results: The results showed that based on NSFWQI, water quality of Golgol river were in the good or average conditions at all stations and in different months . The maximum index value measured at station #1 (downstream of Zardaloo-Abad village) in June and the minimum amount measured at station #5 (downstream of Jafar-Abad village) in September were 72.5 and 52.1 respectively. In average, during 6 months of sampling period, station #1 with index value of 70.8 and station #5 with index value of 55.1 had the best and the worst qualitative conditions among the other stations.Conclusion: Regarding to study results, the pollution from station #1 toward the subsequent stations has significantly increased and the river water quality has been reduced. Nevertheless, at the last station, due to the river flow increase and its self purification potential, its pollution reduced and the water quality index reveals a better condition. In general, the NSF water quality index is an appropriate index for classification of Golgol river water quality.Key words: Water quality, NSFWQI index, Golgol rive

Direct Estimation of Single- and Two-Qubit Hamiltonians and Relaxation Rates

We provide an approach for characterization of quantum Hamiltonian systems via utilizing a single measurement device. Specifically, we demonstrate how external quantum correlations can be used for Hamiltonian identification tasks. We explicitly introduce experimental procedures for direct estimation of single- and two-qubit Hamiltonian parameters, and also for simultaneous estimation of transverse and longitudinal relaxation rates, using a single Bell-state analyzer. An advantage of our method over the earlier approaches is that it has a built-in feature which makes it suitable for partial characterization of Hamiltonian parameters.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog

Effect of supplemented zinc on treatment period of acute diarrhea in 6 to 36 months old children

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: اسهال یک بیماری مهلک و کشنده در شیرخواران و کودکان است. علی رغم پیشرفت‌های بهداشتی و درمانی که در مورد تشخیص سریع و درمان این بیماری انجام شده است، هنوز به عنوان یک معضل بزرگ بهداشتی در بین شیرخواران و کودکان می‌باشد. بر طبق مطالعات مختلف، کمبود روی یکی از عوامل مهم اسهال در کودکان بوده و در کشور ما نیز شایع می باشد. لذا هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر روی در کودکان سنین بین 6 تا 36 ماه مبتلا به اسهال می باشد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه یک کارآزمایی بالینی است که به صورت دو سویه کور بر روی 200 کودک مبتلا به اسهال آبکی حاد غیر تهاجمی بستری در بیمارستان امیرکبیر اراک انجام شد. کودکان مذکور به صورت تصادفی ساده به دو گروه کنترل و مداخله تقسیم شدند. به افراد گروه مداخله مقدار mg/kg/day 3 روی و به گروه کنترل همین مقدار دارو داده شد. در نهایت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون‌ t مستقل انجام گردید. یافته ها: میانگین سنی کودکان شرکت کننده در مطالعه 18/8±07/14 ماه بود. میانگین تعداد روزهای بستری در کودکان گروه مداخله 25/1±14/3 روز و در کودکان گروه کنترل 83/1±59/3 روز بود (05/0

Evaluation and monitoring the health of media staff using the occupational health management model

Objective: Considering the necessity of creating, maintaining and promoting the health of employees as the main organizational capital, this study was conducted with the aim of comprehensive and complete observation of the health status of employees in individual, occupational and organizational dimensions in order to achieve a comprehensive occupational health management model. Materials and Methods: This study is an applied, qualitative and survey research in terms of objective, and is a qualitative study of survey and observational studies in terms of method, conducted during the years 2016 to 2018 in 300 workstations in 5 government buildings with sampling and snowball methods and data were collected with field method using technical apparatus and designed forms finalized by focus group discussions. Results: Creating a health management model resulted in creating a database on the individual health status of employees and their workplace health and creating a management dashboard for instant monitoring of organizational health status. Using this model, it was possible to evaluate and monitor the personal and occupational health of employees at any time. Conclusion: A managerial approach was achieved while classifying media related jobs by designing this occupational health model that, at each moment a clear, realistic and complete picture of the health status of the community was created and, strategies regarding the health status of the staff in accordance with the health status of the staff were adjusted, implemented and communicate

A Cure Rate Model with Discrete Frailty on Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients after Diagnosis

Introduction: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon cancer of lymphocytes, characterized by cancerous Reed-Sternberg cells in an inflammatory background. HL is an exceptionally curable disease with combination chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combined modality treatment. This analysis aimed to identify significant prognostic factors on the cure rate. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 110 patients hospitalized from 2007 up to 2014 with 18 months follow-up was retrospectively reviewed in Taleghani hospital of Tehran, Iran. The survival time was set as the time interval between diagnosis and a patient's death from HL. Also, if the cure rate was present in survival, data encompasses zero frailty. Thus, using hyper-Poisson (hP) distribution as discrete frailty, the unobserved heterogeneity and random effects were accounted for. Results: The estimated cure fraction was 81.2%, which was obtained after 2717 days (7.4 years). In noncured cases, the mean survival time was 1535 days (4.2 years). Also, the five and ten-year survival rates were 0.91 and 0.80, respectively. After diagnosis, results revealed that patients with age  45, hemoglobin  12, WBC  15000, and BMI  30 were associated with poor outcome by using simple analysis. More importantly, there is no significant difference between males and females in the cure of HL patients. Conclusion: As expected, the study indicated that a high proportion of HL patients got cured. A cure rate model with discrete frailty utilization provided a suitable way to account for heterogeneity among HL patients. &nbsp

Reliability of Ultrasonography in Measuring Deep Abdominal and Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Dimensions in Patients with Unilateral Lumbar Disc Herniation

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the within-day and between-day reliability of abdominal and lumbar multifidus muscle size in patients with unilateral lumbar disc herniation (LDH) using ultrasonography (US). Materials and methods: In this study, 15 patients with unilateral LDH (20-60 years old) were recruited. To assess within-day and between-day reliability, three images were taken with one hour and one week intervals respectively. The images were taken at rest and during contraction. Results: The within-day and between-day reliability of abdominal muscle thickness measurements using US in patients with unilateral lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in both rest and contraction state was found to be high with ICC=0.87 for within and ICC=0.75 for between-day rates of transverse abdominis (TrA) muscles at rest and ICC=0.78 and 0.75, respectively, in contraction state. For internal oblique muscles, ICC=0.70 at rest and 0.79 in contraction state and ICC=0.73 at rest and 0.77 in contraction state were found for within-day and between-day, respectively. Within-day and between-day reliability at rest with ICC=0.76 and 0.76 and in contraction state with ICC=0.75 and 0.74 were demonstrated for the external oblique muscle. Within-day and between-day reliability rates at rest with ICC=0.88 and 0.84, respectively, and in contraction state with ICC=0.84 and 0.80, respectively were demonstrated for the lumbar multifidus muscle. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that US is a reliable method for evaluating the thickness of the abdominal and lumbar multifidus muscles. However, further research is recommended to support the findings of the present study.Keywords: Ultrasonography, disc herniation, abdominal muscles, lumbar multifidus muscle, reliabilit