The Insertion of Syrian Refugees in the Egyptian Labor Market: with Special Focus on Food and Restaurants Sector

This thesis is about the insertion of Syrian refugees in the Egyptian labor market. It specifically focuses on this insertion in the food and restaurants sector. It reviews the theoretical literature that tackled the economic integration of refugees and asylum seekers. It also examines the legal framework governing refugees in Egypt as well as the legal apparatus provisions related to their employment. Both are factors determining the access of refugees to the Egyptian labor market. The thesis finds that other economic and social factors also determine and facilitate the access of Syrian refugees to the Egyptian labor market. In the food and restaurant sector, demand for and supply of the Syrian products. Another economic factor is the sizable informal sector which despite its disadvantages, offers an opportunity to access the labor market. Syrian investments in Egypt injected capital and created jobs for refugees and Egyptians alike. Social connections in forms of bonds among Syrians and bridges with hosting communities are found to have a fundamental role in their insertion. While the bureaucratic process of obtaining or renewing permits as well as the weak links with the government pose some challenges, thanks to the presence of international organizations, whether IGOs or NGOs, that promote Syrian refugees’ resilience through building on their capacities, Syrians are able to meet the labor market needs. The operation of the legal, economic and social factors, in addition to support from international organizations, has favored the employment of Syrian refugees in the Egyptian food and restaurants sector but in the informal sector due to the bureaucratic hurdles of obtaining or renewing permits and of the legal requirements they must fulfill. Despite the numerous challenges they face, Syrian refugees are taking the advantage of their social connections to support themselves and ensure their livelihoods

Ground State Solutions for the Periodic Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations with Superlinear Nonlinearities

We consider the periodic discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations with the temporal frequency belonging to a spectral gap. By using the generalized Nehari manifold approach developed by Szulkin and Weth, we prove the existence of ground state solutions of the equations. We obtain infinitely many geometrically distinct solutions of the equations when specially the nonlinearity is odd. The classical Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz superlinear condition is improved

Economic Viability of Chilli Pepper and Neem Seed Kernel Powdered Formulations Vis-a-vis Sevin Dust (85%) in the Management of Lepidopterous Stemborers on Sorghum in North Eastern Nigeria

A two year field experiment was designed to evaluate the economic viability of Chilli Pepper and Neem Kernel based powdered formulations vis-à-vis Sevin Dust (85%) in controlling stemborer damage on Sorghum variety (KSV4) in 2009 and 2010 using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The botanicals evaluated are Chilli Pepper Powder (CPP), CPP + Finesand (1:1, w/w), Neem Kernel Powder (NKP) and, NKP + Finesand (1:1, w/w). The results shows that pesticides used significantly (p<0.05) reduced stemboring by stemborers. The results also shows that the botanicals significantly (p<0.05) perform better than the synthetic in reducing stemboring. While the grain yield were significantly (p<0.05) higher on the treated plots over the untreated, the results further reveals that there was no significant difference between the botanicals and the synthetic used even though NKP + Finesand gave the overall best yield. The economic analysis also shows that it was profitable and economically viable to use any of the pesticides in controlling stemborers on sorghum since all the pesticides gave a ratio of more than one. However, NKP + Finesand gave the highest cost: benefit ratio of 1:5.76 and 1:5.48 in 2009 and 2010, respectively followed by CPP and Finesand, NKP, CPP while Sevin 85% gave the least cost: benefit ratio of 1:2.48 and 1:2.40 in 2009 and 2010, respectively. While the cost: benefit analysis was strictly based on the cost of plant protection only and did not consider factors such as potential impact on natural enemies/non-targets, the environment, farm workers and consumer safety, the overall results shows that Neem Kernel and Chilli Pepper based botanicals can be useful components of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of Sorghum Stemborers and may serve as viable alternatives to the synthetics which have been identified to have several environmental and health implications. Keywords: Cost: Benefit Ratio, Sesamia calamistis,  Botanicals,  Stem Bored, Number of Holes Per Stem  Finesand, Capsicum frutescens (Chilli pepper), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Sevin Dust (85%

Pola Kinerja Perusahaan Sesudah Merger dan Akuisisi serta Analisis Terhadap Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya

This study aims to arrange the pattern of corporate performance after mergers and acquisitions that cover the performance outcomes for 12 years. Another objective is to analyze the determinants of company performance outcomes after mergers andacquisitions. The research was conducted at the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2003 to 2014. The results show that the company performance in the first until the third year is below the average performance before the mergers and acquisitions happened. Entering the fourth year the company performance improved above the performance before mergers and acquisitions and had it peaked in the eleventh year, after which it declined. High profitability is the main target that companies must achieve after mergers and acquisitions. The result of the analysis shows that the return on investment positively influenced by total asset turnover and the increase of exchange rate, and negatively related to leverage and BI Rate. The company will achieve a higher total asset turnover if institutional investors own most of its shares. Firms with larger board size and institutional ownership have higher leverage.Abstrak.Penelitian ini bertujuan, pertama: untuk menyusun pola kinerja perusahaan setelah merger dan akuisisi yang menjangkau capaian kinerja untuk jangka waktu 12 tahun; kedua: untuk menganalisis faktor determinan capaian kinerja perusahaan setelah merger dan akuisisi. Penelitian dilakukan di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2003-2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja perusahaan pada tahun pertama sampai tahun ketiga berada di bawah rata-rata capaian kinerja sebelum merger dan akuisisi. Memasuki tahun keempat kinerja perusahaan meningkat di atas kinerja sebelum merger dan akuisisi, dan mencapai puncaknya pada tahun kesebelas, setelah itu mengalami penurunan. Profitabilitas yang tinggi merupakan target utama yang harus dicapai perusahaan setelah merger dan akuisisi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa return on invesment dipengaruhi secara positif oleh total asset turn over dan kenaikkan Kurs. Return on invesment berhubungan negatif dengan leverage dan BI Rate. Total asset turn over akan lebih tinggi dicapai perusahaan apabila sebagian besar sahamnya dimiliki investor institusi. Perusahaan-perusahaan dengan board size dan institutional ownersip yang lebih besar memiliki leverage yang lebih tinggi

Mixed Statistical Matching Approaches Using a Latent Class Model: Simulation Studies

In the era of data revolution, availability and presence of data is a huge wealth that has to be utilized. Instead of making new surveys, benefit can be made from data that already exists. As, enormous amounts of data become available, it is becoming essential to undertake research that involves integrating data from multiple sources in order to make the best use out of it. Statistical Data Integration (SDI) is the statistical tool for considering this issue. SDI can be used to integrate data files that have common units, and it also allows to merge unrelated files that do not share any common units, depending on the input data. The convenient method of data integration is determined according to the nature of the input data. SDI has two main methods, Record Linkage (RL) and Statistical Matching (SM). SM techniques typically aim to achieve a complete data file from different sources which do not contain the same units. There are a number of traditional matching techniques mentioned in the literature. Among these techniques, there are various approaches for continuous data, but not as many methods for categorical data. This paper proposes a Statistical Matching technique for categorical data based on latent class models within a Bayesian framework. Dirichlet Process Mixture of Product of Multinomial distributions model is used in Statistical Matching throughout this paper which is a fully Bayesian estimation method for latent class models. Performance of the proposed latent class model used for Statistical Matching is evaluated using an empirical comparison with several existing matching procedures based on simulation studies

SUDANESE EXPERIENCE OF HERBAL FORMULAS USED DURING COVID-19 INFECTION

Objectives: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is recent worldwide disaster which is considered by the WHO as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Method: A quick survey was done in Khartoum state for the commonly utilize herbs and the succeeded formulas, 652 people participated in this survey either they use these herbs for themselves or their relative use it during the symptoms of COVID-19. Results: A 652 people participated in the quick survey for the commonly utilized herbs & the succeeded formulas either they use these herbs for themselves or their relative use it during the symptoms of COVID-19. Other products used as additives include (honey,vinegar,sesame oil, olive oil and salt). Conclusion: Sudanese experience that various traditional herbs, usage and different route of administration can effectively alleviate primary symptoms e.g. fever, cough, fatigue and reduce probability of developing severe Conditions.                                   Peer Review History: Received: 8 September 2020; Revised: 7 October; Accepted: 20 October, Available online: 15 November 2020 Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Hebatalla Ibrahim Ahmed Abdel Hameed, Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt [email protected] Dr. Mohamed Derbali, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, Tunisia, [email protected] Similar Articles: THE RISKS AND ADVANTAGES OF ANTI-DIABETES THERAPY IN THE POSITIVE COVID-19 PATIENT EUCALYPTUS ESSENTIAL OIL; AN OFF-LABEL USE TO PROTECT THE WORLD FROM COVID-19 PANDEMIC: REVIEW-BASED HYPOTHESE

Correlation of polycystic ovary syndrome and recurrent miscarriage

Background: Numerous studies have investigated the association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and recurrent miscarriage (RM). Increased rates of PCOS have been reported for women with RM. However, the actual prevalence is controversially discussed by the scientific community and remains unclear, since a wide range of rates from 8–82% can be found in the literature. Objective: To assess the relation between polycystic ovary syndrome and recurrent miscarriage and to evaluate the prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome within the recurrent miscarriage population. Patients and method: It is a cross sectional conducted at the infertility clinic in the outpatient department of University Hospital from March 2019 to March 2020. Patient sample was 47 participant. Hormonal profile FSH, LH, TSH, TSH, assessment of glycemic status and insulin resistance and ultrasonography for diagnosis of polycystic ovaries were done to every patients. Result: There was high statistically significant relation between the PCO and total number of follicles, number of follicles ≥ 18 mm and endometrial thickness. There was high statistically significant relation between the PCO and testosterone hormones and statistically significant relation between the PCO and FSH and LH. There was no statistically significant relation between the PCO and insulin resistance. Conclusion: In this study we concluded that the prevalence of PCOS seems slightly increased in women with recurrent miscarriage, PCOS on the other hand showed a rather high prevalence compared to the general population

Effect of seasonal and environmental variation on yield and yield components of hybrid Maize

The experiment was conducted during kharif II in 2006 & 07, rabi in 2006-07 & 07-08 and kharif I in 2007 and 2008 at ARS, Burirhat, Rangpur in RCB design to understand the influence of season and location specific environment effect on growth and yield of hybrid maize and selected suitable variety(s). Four hybrid maize varieties V1=BARI hybrid Maize (BHM)-2, V2=BHM-3, V3= BHM-5 and V4= Pacific-984 (as check) were tested during kharif II in 2006 while seven varieties V1= BHM-2, V2= BHM-3, V3= BHM-5 and V4= Pacific-984, V5= Pacific-60, V6= Pacific-11 and V7= Prolin were during the other seasons except rabi, 07- 08, where variety Pacific-555 was used in V7 instead of Prolin. Seeds were sown on August 30 and August 11 for kharif II of 2006 and 2007, respectively, November 28 and 17 for rabi 2006-2007 and 2007-08 and March 08 and 12 for for kharif I 2007 and 2008. The crops were harvested on January 25, 2007 and January 12, 2008 in the two consecutive kharif II seasons; May 10 and April 29 in rabi 2006-07 and 2007-08, and July 01 and 05 in kharif I 2007 and 2008, respectively. Yield parameters were mostly varied significantly. The highest yield was obtained from BHM-5 (9.03 t ha-1), which was followed by Pacific-984 (8.89 t ha-1), BHM-3 (8.81 t ha-1) and BHM-2 (8.58 t ha-1) in kharif II, 2006 while in kharif II, 2007 the highest significant yield was noted in Pacific-984 (9.22 t ha-1). In rabi, 2006-07, significant highest grain yield was obtained from Pacific-60 (11.03 t ha-1), which was statistically identical with Prolin (10.20 t ha-1). The yield of Prolin was also statistically identical with Pacific-11 (10.01 t ha-1), BHM-5 (10.00 t ha-1), BHM-3 (9.92 t ha-1) and BHM-2 (9.51 t ha-1). Comparatively lower temperature during ear initiation (mean 29.6°C in rabi and 31°C in kharif II) and silking (mean 18.2°C in rabi and 20.2°C in kharif II) contributed much for higher trend of yield in rabi over kharif. In kharif I, 2007, the highest yield (9.55 t ha-1) was recorded from Pacific-60, which was identical to Pacific-984 (9.25 t ha-1), BHM-5 (9.11 t ha-1) and BHM-3 (8.89 t ha-1). All the BARI hybrid maize varieties were suitable to grown in kharif I, kharif II and rabi season although BHM-3, BHM-5, Pacific-60 and Pacific-984 were better in Kharif I and Pacific-60, BHM-5, Prolin and Pacific-555 were found better in Rabi season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i2.22635 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (2): 1-5, December, 201

Physiochemical Characteristic and Biological Activity of the Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Bud Oil

  The present study was investigating the physiochemical and the biological activity of the Clove bud oil against the fungus (A. niger) and two bacteria (E. coli and Staph. aurues). The inhibition zone plate method was used for bacterial test, while the mycelia weights and radial growth methods were used for the fungal study. The A.O.S. official methods were used to determine the physiochemical properties. The studies on the physiochemical characteristics of the Clove bud oil proved that the acid value was (3.86), the saponification value was (38.27),the peroxide value was (3.83), the specific gravity was (1.043), the  reflective index was (1.525), the iodine value was (182.43), and the free fatty acid was (1.94). The results of the antimicrobial tests showed that  the  Clove bud oil gave a complete inhibition of the radial growth of the fungus (A. niger) at its higher concentration and a high reduction percent at its lower concentrations. However, the mycelial fresh and dry weights of the fungus A. niger were completely inhibited by the Clove bud oil at its higher concentration, and clearly reduced at its lower concentrations. The inhibition zone of growth of both bacteria was larger than that of the control treatment. Clove bud oil showed clear inhibition zone when used against Staph. aurues compared to its use against E. coli. Many studies have reported that oils of different herbs and spices can yield medicinal compounds. Spices and herbs have been used for thousand of years by man in traditional medicine. However, more physiochemical characterizations need to be done and the antifungal and the antibacterial properties should be verified in any further studies on the Clove bud oil.   &nbsp

Homoclinic Solutions for a Class of Nonlinear Difference Equations

We prove the existence of homoclinic solutions of a class of nonlinear difference equations with superlinear nonlinearity by using the generalized Nehari manifold approach. For the case where the nonlinearity is odd, we obtain infinitely many homoclinic solutions of the equations. Recent results in the literature are generalized and improved